Maritime Empty Container Repositioning

Maritime shipping containers are important to a number of different industries as they facilitate the reduction of transportation costs. To address the needs of shippers, empty containers need to be repositioned globally between seaports. Since the cost of empty container repositioning (ECR) constitutes a significant element of the total cost of running a global container fleet operation, the problem has been receiving increasing attention from scholars. The diversity of this literature necessitates the development an appropriate classification scheme to identify trends, gaps, and directions for future research. This paper reviews publications on maritime ECR over the last two decades and examines such trends and potential research directions.

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Do Foldable Containers Enhance Efficient Empty Container Repositioning under Demand Fluctuation?—Case of the Pacific Region

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4730

Author(s):

Zirui Liang ◽

Ryuichi Shibasaki ◽

Yuji Hoshino

Keyword(s):

Cost Reduction ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Empty Container ◽

Scenario Analyses ◽

The Pacific ◽

Empty Container Repositioning ◽

Empty Containers ◽

Reduction Effect ◽

The Cost

This study considers the empty container repositioning problem of shipping companies that use standard and 3-in-1 foldable containers with more advanced designs. A mathematical model is developed to compare the total management costs of container repositioning of various patterns in different cargo shipping demand scenarios. Numerous scenario analyses and simulations of empty container repositioning were conducted, focusing on a liner shipping service in the Pacific Islands where empty containers are likely to be present because of the imbalance between inbound and outbound flows of containers, including static analysis and consecutive analysis with demand fluctuation in different approaches. Results show that with the introduction of foldable containers, depending on the growth rate of container cargo shipping demand, the total management costs of empty container repositioning can be reduced. However, introducing a large number of foldable containers may increase the total management costs of container repositioning. Moreover, the cost reduction effect of adding another containership increases in cases where future cargo shipping demand increases substantially. Furthermore, the introduction of foldable containers not only effectively reduces the management costs of empty containers, but also makes costs more stable and predictable.

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Research on the Optimization of Empty Container Repositioning of China Railway Express in Cooperation with International Liner Companies

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13063182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 3182

Author(s):

Lei Xing ◽

Hong Yan ◽

Yandong Yin ◽

Qi Xu

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Numerical Experiments ◽

Optimization Problem ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Optimization Models ◽

Empty Container ◽

Total Cost ◽

Empty Container Repositioning ◽

China Railway ◽

The Cost

Both China Railway Express (CRE) companies and international liner companies are faced with the problem of empty container repositioning. In order to reduce empty container repositioning cost and realize their sustainable development, this paper studies the optimization problem of empty container repositioning under the condition of their cooperation. To minimize the cost, three optimization models of empty container repositioning are established, which are based on the single repositioning and cooperative repositioning. Numerical experiments are carried out to analyze the three empty container repositioning optimization models solved by CPLEX. The results show that the total cost could be greatly reduced by the cooperative repositioning. The effects of cooperation become more obvious with the unit storage cost or repositioning cost increases and become weaker with the unit mutual rental cost increase. When the demand fluctuation is in a certain range, the cooperation is still effective, which can reduce the cost. But when it is beyond a certain range, the benefits will be greatly reduced. In reality, for the sustainability of their cooperation, both sides should pay attention to the proportion of supply and demand and set reasonable mutual rental cost.

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MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FOR FISH FEED FORMULATION OF MYSTUS NEMURUS SP. CATFISH: OPTIMIZING GROWTH AND NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENTS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v80.12488 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Nur Aidya Hanum Aizam ◽

Rabiatul Adawiyah Ibrahim ◽

Raphael Lee Kuok Lung ◽

Pang Yen Ling ◽

Aidilla Mubarak

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Nutrient Composition ◽

Future Research ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Research Directions ◽

Feed Formulation ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Cost ◽

The Mathematical Model ◽

Mystus Nemurus

This study integrates mathematical model in the plan of producing a fish feed formulation by reducing the total cost without neglecting the nutrient requirements. This study focuses on producing the perfect combination of fish feed for Mystus nemurus sp. catfish in different stages of life. The mathematical model developed will consider their required nutrients in each stage, the cost of each ingredient and the amount of nutrients to be consumed (nutrient composition of fish feed ingredients). This research employs AIMMS mathematical software to assist with the computation. The results from this study obtain a much better combination of different ingredients compared to available commercial pellets in terms of nutrient composition and production cost. The combinations yield much cheaper costs yet boosts up the nutrient consumptions, which is an eye-opener for independent local fish farmers. Thorough discussion on utilizing the results with future research directions will also be included.

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An Integer Programming Optimization Model of Container Shipping of Sea-Carriage

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2678 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 220-223 ◽

pp. 2678-2683

Author(s):

Bin Wang ◽

Tao Yang

Keyword(s):

Integer Programming ◽

Objective Function ◽

Optimization Model ◽

Container Shipping ◽

Empty Container ◽

Shipping Company ◽

Shipping Cost ◽

Total Profit ◽

Empty Containers ◽

The Cost

The paper dose research about the optimization of container shipping of sea –carriage for meeting the goods transport requirement by use of integer programming. Both laden and empty containers are combined into a system. In particular, the effect of special laden container shipping capacity on the shipping plan is investigated. In the model, the objective function is to maximize the total profit of container shipping. The profit caused by laden container shipping minus the cost caused by both laden and empty container shipping equal to the total profit. The constraints to the model include meeting the need of both laden and empty containers, shipping limit to both common and special laden containers , the number of empty container supported. Lingo9.0 is used to solve the model and shipping methods in varied parameters are shown by simulation. The aim of the paper is to provide a reasonable plan of container shipping of sea-carriage, so the container shipping cost of a shipping company can be reduced and the its profit made by container shipping are maximized.

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A Stochastic Programming Optimization Model of Container Shipping of Sea-Carriage

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.2715 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 411-414 ◽

pp. 2715-2720

Author(s):

Bin Wang ◽

Tao Yang

Keyword(s):

Integer Programming ◽

Stochastic Programming ◽

Optimization Model ◽

Container Shipping ◽

Empty Container ◽

Shipping Company ◽

Shipping Cost ◽

Total Profit ◽

Empty Containers ◽

The Cost

The paper dose research about the optimization of container shipping of sea carriage for meeting the goods transport requirement by use of stochastic programming. Both laden and empty containers are combined into a system. In particular, the effect of special laden container shipping capacity on the shipping plan is investigated. In the model, the objective function is to maximize the total profit of container shipping. The profit caused by laden container shipping minus the cost caused by both laden and empty container shipping equal to the total profit. The constraints to the model include meeting the need of both laden and empty containers, shipping limit to both common and special laden containers, the number of empty container supported. The number of empty containers is stochastic and the model is transmitted to an integer programming. Lingo9.0 is used to solve the model and shipping methods in varied parameters are shown by simulation. The aim of the paper is to provide a reasonable plan of container shipping of sea-carriage, so the container shipping cost of a shipping company can be reduced and the its profit made by container shipping are maximized.

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Emergency inventory management for disasters—A review

Journal of Emergency Management ◽

10.5055/jem.2014.0179 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Eren Erman Ozguven, PhD ◽

Kaan Ozbay, PhD

Keyword(s):

Inventory Management ◽

Classification Scheme ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Related Literature ◽

Academic Literature ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Comprehensive Search ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Delivery Options

There has been a recent surge in the publication of academic literature examining various aspects of emergency inventory management for disasters. This article contains a timely literature review of these studies, beginning with an exposition of the characteristics of storage and delivery options for emergency supplies, with a particular emphasis on the differences between emergency inventories and conventional inventory management. Using a novel classification scheme and a comprehensive search of the inventory-related literature, an overview of the emergency inventory management studies is also presented. Finally, based on this extensive review, a discussion is presentedbased on the critical issues and key findings related to the emergency inventory management field, and include suggestions for future research directions.

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The Cost of Excessive Smartphone Use: Guilt Cross the Work-Family Domains

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yujing Liu ◽

Jing Du ◽

Yuan Li

Keyword(s):

Future Research ◽

Family Role ◽

Role Performance ◽

Research Directions ◽

Work Related ◽

The Family ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Smartphone Use ◽

Work Family ◽

The Cost

Empirical evidence has accumulated showing that smartphone use at work has the double-edged sword impacts on work-related attitudes and behaviors, but little is known about how its effects transmit and spill over from the workplace to the family domain. Drawing upon compensatory ethics theory, we hypothesize positive associations of employees’ daily private smartphone use at work with their family role performance after work through feeling of guilt. Using an experience sampling methodology, we test our hypotheses in a sample of 101 employees who completed surveys across 10 consecutive workdays. Multilevel path analysis results showed that excessive smartphone use at work triggered experienced guilt, and had a positive indirect effect on family role performance via feeling of guilt. Furthermore, employees with high ability of emotion regulation can be better resolve own painful emotion by engaging in family role performance. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and propose future research directions are discussed.

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Optimization on the Multi-period Empty Container Repositioning Problem in Regional Port Cluster Based upon Inventory Control Strategies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-175465/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiaxin Cai ◽

Yubo Li ◽

Yandong Yin ◽

Xiaohan Wang ◽

Zhihong Jin

Keyword(s):

Inventory Control ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Programming Model ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Dynamic Programming Method ◽

Empty Container ◽

Total Cost ◽

Shipping Company ◽

Empty Container Repositioning ◽

Port Clusters

Abstract Within the area of regional port clusters, this paper establishes a multi-period mixed integer programming model to optimize the empty container repositioning between public hinterlands and ports, comprehensively considering the quantitative and periodic inventory control strategy. By using Markov decision process combined with dynamic programming method, this paper dynamically optimizes the empty container inventory threshold (D;U) under quantitative strategy and S under periodical strategy at each port within the regional port clusters. On this basis, this paper optimizes the empty container repositioning scheme between public hinterlands and ports. Meanwhile, Liaoning coastal regional port cluster and its northeast hinterland are selected as the objects to solve this model and the results show that the total cost of shipping company can be saved by 14.16% and 11.92% respec- tively by the quantitative and periodical inventory control strategy. Selecting the quantity of public hinterland terminals, the empty container demand of public hinterland terminals and ports, the inventory threshold of empty containers and other factors, this paper carries on the sensitivity analysis. This paper validates inventory control strategy can weaken the shipping company in the influence of the external environment changes. And the quantitativeinventory control strategy can reduce the total cost value to a greater extent and more effective in cost control than periodical strategy.

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Current Advances in Hyperspectral Face Recognition

10.36227/techrxiv.12136425.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rizwan Qureshi ◽

Muhammad Uzair ◽

Anam Zahra

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Face Recognition ◽

Hyperspectral Imaging ◽

Hyperspectral Image ◽

Document Image ◽

Hyperspectral Images ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Cost

Hyperspectral imaging systems are well established, for satellite, remote sensing and geosciences applications. Recently, the reduction in the cost of hyperspectral sensors and increase in the imaging speed has attracted computer vision scientists to apply hyperspectral imaging to ground based computer vision problems such as material classification, agriculture, chemistry and document image analysis. Hyperspectral imaging has also been explored for face recognition; to tackle the issues of pose and illumination variations by exploiting the richer spectral information of hyperspectral images. In this article, we present a detailed review on the potential of hyperspectral imaging for face recognition. We present hyperspectral image aquisition process and discuss key preprocessing challenges. We also discuss hyperspectral face recognition databases and techniques for feature extraction from the hyperspectral images. Potential future research directions are also highlighted

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