Willingness to Invest in Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Maniklal Adhikary ◽  
Samrat Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Household Demand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Household Heads

Water is increasingly becoming scarce across not only in India but also in World. This paper aims at bringing out the factors responsible for a household's decision to invest in rooftop rainwater harvesting. The paper is based on cross sectional sample of 230 houses from Urban Areas of Hooghly District in West Bengal. The study is conducted in an area which has piped municipal water supply. The study finds that a large number of explanatory variables like income of the household, coping cost incurred by the household positively and significantly affect household's decision to invest in rooftop rainwater harvesting. However, the household demand for water is negatively related to willingness of the household to adopt rooftop rainwater harvesting. Household heads that are educated are more likely to invest in rooftop rainwater harvesting. Houses which are comparatively new or constructed in last five years, as well as households who also undertake gardening are also more likely to invest in rooftop rainwater harvesting as compared to households without the features.

scholarly journals A comparison of diet quality indices in a nationally representative cross-sectional study of Iranian households

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ebrahimi ◽  
Sarah A. McNaughton ◽  
Rebecca M. Leech ◽  
Morteza Abdollahi ◽  
Anahita Houshiarrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Household Heads

Abstract Background Iranian diet quality has been evaluated using indices that have not been created based on Iranian dietary guidelines. This study aimed to examine the applicability of two diet quality indices by examining their associations with nutrient adequacy, nutrient intakes and sociodemographics. Methods Dietary data were collected using three 24-h dietary recalls from Iranian households. Nutrient adequacy was assessed using World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization 2002 (WHO/FAO) cut points. Household diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Sociodemographics of the household members were assessed. Regression analyses were used to examine associations between diet quality and nutrient adequacy, and between sociodemographics and diet quality. Results A total of 6935 households were included in the analysis. Higher household diet quality was associated with adequate intake of calcium (HEI: OR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.13; DQI-I: OR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.16), vitamin C (HEI: OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.20; DQI-I: OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.12) and protein (HEI: OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02; DQI-I: OR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.09). Higher household diet quality was associated with household heads who were older (> 56 years old) (HEI: β 2.06, 95% CI: 1.63, 2.50; DQI-I β 2.90, 95% CI: 2.34, 3.45), higher educated (college/university completed) (HEI: β 4.54, 95% CI: 4.02, 5.06; DQI-I: β 2.11, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.77) and living in urban areas (HEI: β 2.85, 95% CI: 2.54, 3.16; DQI-I: β 0.72, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.12). Conclusions Based on associations with nutrient adequacy and sociodemographics, the applicability of two diet quality indices for assessing the diet quality of Iranian households was demonstrated. Results also indicated DQI-I may be more applicable than HEI for evaluating Iranian nutrient adequacy. Findings have implications for the design and assessment of diet quality in Iranian populations. Future research should examine the link between these diet quality indices and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Inversión máxima para incrementar la disponibilidad de agua en comunidades de la zona limítrofe entre Quintana Roo y Campeche, México

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 6475-6490
Author(s):  
Roberto Mena Rivero ◽  
Ricardo Enrique Vega Azamar ◽  
Flor Virginia Cruz Gutiérrez ◽  
David Gustavo Rejón Parra ◽  
Fermín Téllez Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Problematic Situation ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting

La baja disponibilidad de agua potable de buena calidad puede ser complementada con agua proveniente de la lluvia, si esta última es recolectada en cantidad suficiente para cubrir la demanda, aprovechándose esta combinación para resolver el problema de abastecimiento, todo esto sujeto a restricciones de inversión. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo presentar un análisis de los sistemas de captación de agua de lluvia existentes en la zona limítrofe entre los estados mexicanos de Quintana Roo y Campeche para estimar los montos de inversión máxima que justifiquen un proyecto de mejora en la disponibilidad de agua de lluvia. En esta investigación se identificó el nivel de aprovechamiento y los requerimientos de los sistemas de captación de agua pluvial en techos (SCAPT) y se determinó el monto de inversión máxima para solucionar esta situación problemática. Los resultados muestran que los SCAPT no se aprovechan debido a limitaciones o subutilización en la superficie de captación y/o capacidad de almacenamiento, por lo que se recurre al suministro de agua en pipas. Se concluye que se puede sustituir el acarreo en pipas por agua de lluvia con un adecuado dimensionamiento de la superficie y el volumen de captación, asegurando el consumo de agua mínimo recomendado, con una inversión menor de la que se requeriría para la implementación de un sistema de abastecimiento de agua convencional.   Low availability of good quality drinking water can be complemented with rainwater, if the latter is collected in sufficient quantity to cover the demand, taking advantage of this combination to solve the supply problem, all of this subject to investment restrictions. The present work aims to present an analysis of the existing rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems in the border area between the Mexican states of Quintana Roo and Campeche to estimate the maximum investment amount that justifies a project to improve rainwater availability. In this research, the use level and the requirements of rooftop rainwater harvesting (RTRWH) systems were identified and the maximum investment amount needed to solve this problematic situation was determined. Results show that RTRWH systems are not used due to insufficient or underutilized catchment area and / or storage capacity, so water is supplied in tankers. It is concluded that transport in tankers can be replaced by RTRWH with an adequate dimensioning of surface and catchment volume, ensuring the minimum recommended water supply, with a lower investment than that required for the implementation of a conventional water supply system.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure in Nigeria: A Rural-Urban Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Oladapo Ajayi ◽  
◽  
Demilade Olusola Ibirongbe ◽  
Tope Michael Ipinnimo ◽  
Oluremi Olayinka Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Household Heads

Background: Catastrophic health expenditure occurs when the burden of Out-of-pocket health expenditure has reached a certain level that a household must forego the expenditure on other basic needs of life to meet the health expenses of its member(s) of the household. Worldwide, over 44 million households suffer annually from financial catastrophe. This study intends to determine the prevalence of household catastrophic health expenditure amongst rural and urban communities in Ekiti, Nigeria. Methodology: This is a comparative cross-sectional study of households within selected rural and urban communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A pre-tested interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data over a period of 4 months from a sample of 1,000 household heads, using a multistage sampling technique. Data obtained were then entered using the SPSS version 20 and analysed with STATA 12. Two different methodologies were used to calculate household catastrophic health expenditure, with sensitivity analysis done. Univariate analysis were used to describe the population in relation to relevant variables. Result: The prevalence of household catastrophic health expenditure is high using the two methodological calculations. It was significantly higher in the rural areas, 18.5% than the urban areas, 12.8% (p=0.015) for first method; it was also higher in the rural areas, 8.3% compared to the urban areas, 2.5% (p<0.001) for the second method. Conclusion: Prevalence of household catastrophic health expenditure is high in Nigeria, but worse in the rural areas. It’s therefore vital to establish financial and social intervention mechanisms that can protect households from incurring catastrophic health expenditure.

Participatory predictors of users’ satisfaction with housing infrastructure in Akure, Nigeria

Facilities ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (13/14) ◽  
pp. 696-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Adeyemi Fakere ◽  
Clement Oluwole Folorunso ◽  
Olatunde Arayela ◽  
Yomi Michael Adedeji
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

PurposeThis paper is based on users’ satisfaction with housing infrastructure as a derivative of their participation in evolving the facilities from inception. The paper aims to examine optimal performance of infrastructural facilities with a view to determine the satisfaction of users in the study area.Design/methodology/approachThis study reports on a cross-sectional doctoral research study on 304 household heads in the transitional and peripheral zones of Akure, Nigeria. The infrastructure studied were water supply, electricity supply, roads, drainage, waste management and security. A structured questionnaire, focus group discussions and physical observations were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean satisfaction scoring and categorical regression analysis.FindingsRespondents found the infrastructural facilities in their communities to be unsatisfactory; they also indicated low levels of participation in the provision of infrastructure. Residents were most satisfied with waste management and least satisfied with water supply. The results showed a significant relationship between users’ participation and satisfaction with housing infrastructure.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that giving adequate attention to users’ involvement in the provision process of infrastructural projects can enhance their satisfaction with infrastructure.Originality/valueThe study highlights the benefits of involving users in the process of providing housing infrastructure, establishing a positive relation with their satisfaction.

scholarly journals Exploring Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Potential for Food Production in Urban Areas

Agriculture ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Lupia ◽  
Valerio Baiocchi ◽  
Keti Lelo ◽  
Giuseppe Pulighe
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting

scholarly journals Rooftop rainwater harvesting potential for a domestic purpose using samsamwater, case of Jimma University Institute of Technology, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessalegn Geleta Ebsa
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Community School ◽  
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Jimma University

Abstract The key sources of water supply are rainwater, underground water and surface water. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is a technique through which the rain is captured from the roof catchments. The objective of this study was to investigate rooftop rainwater harvesting potential for domestic purposes using a samsamwater tool. This can be used in dry and wet seasonal situations based on the roof size and population density, which plays a crucial role in socioeconomic development and keeping community school welfare. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is the most reliable, easiest to access, and suitable source for water supply. This study was carried out from June 2018 to December 2019 based on a case study of three Jimma University Institute of Technology Kito furdisa campus. Since then, rainfall data, rooftop catchment, water consumption and water demand data have been used as inputs. Based on the findings, the annual rainfall is 1846 mm. The total roof size of the school is 888.32 m2 and almost the entire age of the building ranges between 5-15 years. It has been constructed of galvanized iron in which its run off coefficient is estimated at 90%. The collected data has been analyzed using different tools, including the Samsamwater RWH model, and SPSS statistics version 22. As a result, the volume of harvested rainwater was 12,826 m3/yr., which covered all non-potable water needs for 14,458 of the school population. The total yearly water requirement for a working day (182 days) and working days plus no working days (365 days) of the school is 18,606.72 and 26,759.47 m3/yr. respectively. The reliability of harvested rainwater from the rooftop for the community school can meet about 63.4 % of the water scarcity reduced by feeding for (365days). Whereas the reliability of rainwater-harvested potential is, 82% of water demand can be met by considering the schedule of working days (9 months). The average reliable for the study area is greater than 72.6% of water demand.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure in Nigeria: A Rural-Urban Comparison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Oladapo Ajayi ◽  
Demilade Olusola Ibirongbe ◽  
Tope Michael Ipinnimo ◽  
Oluremi Olayinka Solomon ◽  
Austin Idowu Ibikunle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Household Heads

Background: Catastrophic health expenditure occurs when the burden of Out-of-pocket health expenditure has reached a certain level that a household must forego the expenditure on other basic needs of life to meet the health expenses of its member(s) of the household. Worldwide, over 44 million households suffer annually from financial catastrophe. This study intends to determine the prevalence of household catastrophic health expenditure amongst rural and urban communities in Ekiti, Nigeria. Methodology: This is a comparative cross-sectional study of households within selected rural and urban communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A pre-tested interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data over a period of 4 months from a sample of 1,000 household heads, using a multistage sampling technique. Data obtained were then entered using the SPSS version 20 and analysed with STATA 12. Two different methodologies were used to calculate household catastrophic health expenditure, with sensitivity analysis done. Univariate analysis were used to describe the population in relation to relevant variables. Result: The prevalence of household catastrophic health expenditure is high using the two methodological calculations. It was significantly higher in the rural areas, 18.5% than the urban areas, 12.8% (p=0.015) for first method; it was also higher in the rural areas, 8.3% compared to the urban areas, 2.5% (p&lt;0.001) for the second method. Conclusion: Prevalence of household catastrophic health expenditure is high in Nigeria, but worse in the rural areas. It’s therefore vital to establish financial and social intervention mechanisms that can protect households from incurring catastrophic health expenditure.

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