Online Self-Identities, Social Norms, and the Performance of Self in Real-Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Jessica Lynn Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Society Today

Social networking sites (SNSs) first emerged as online public spaces where individuals could share user-generated content, communicate, and connect. As individuals became more and more invested in online sociality, SNSs diverged into niche platforms that largely govern online sociality, shape social norms, and control user agency. SNSs' impact on individuals' self-identity and performance in both online and real-life settings has been researched and contested. However, this research reveals the affordances of SNSs, which allow users to both experiment with different self-representations and learn the social norms of real-life social situations by being able to mimic the actions and behaviors performed in corresponding SNSs. Because online networking is pervasive in society today, the advantages for connectivity and engagement must be revealed. This research aims to begin this conversation by analyzing two popular SNSs: Facebook and LinkedIn.

Impact of Advertising and Public Relations on Tourism Development in Da Nang, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xuan Tran ◽  
Minh Nguyen ◽  
Ha Kieu Tan Luu ◽  
Ny Ngo ◽  
My Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Structure Equation Modeling ◽  
The Social ◽  
Destination Brand ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

An exploratory study was conducted to determine the impact of advertising and public relations on the visit intention of tourists in Da Nang, Vietnam. In 2015, Trip Advisor and New York Times selected Da Nang, Vietnam as one of the top Asia tourist destinations. This study sought to address the relationship between advertising or public relations and tourists' intention to visit based on the theory of planned behavior. Structure Equation Modeling was conducted to predict the impact of advertising and public relations on the visit intention of tourists in Da Nang. Findings indicate that an increased favorable attitude and control of advertising would increase tourist arrivals. Surprisingly, an increased positive attitude and control of public relations did not significantly affect tourists' intention to visit. Instead, the social norms of public relations were effective in driving the decision to visit but the social norms of advertising were not. The findings have contributed to destination brand through advertising and public relations. Implications are discussed.

Noticing the unusual: a self-prompt strategy for adults with autism

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Silver ◽  
Sarah Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Understanding ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
The Social

Purpose – There is a substantial lack of research focusing on how to support the social understanding of high-functioning adults with autism (HFA). The perspectives of three adults with HFA were used to develop and implement self-prompt systems to increase knowledge and awareness of social situations. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews and diaries were used to support individuals to reflect on video-based and real-life social situations, within a qualitative participatory case study design. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings – Participants developed and used a self-prompt system to support their social understanding in a range of situations. “Noticing the unusual” in social situations, consideration of the potential impact of others’ behavior on them personally, and guessing the intention of others were identified as useful strategies. Basing social judgments on the facial expressions of others was not useful. Research limitations/implications – This was a small-scale study with only three high-functioning participants and so the research needs to be extended to a wider group. Practical implications – There is considerable potential for this approach to be used with adults accessing support services because the strategies identified can be easily applied and personalized. Social implications – Independent, unplanned use of the self-prompt strategy enabled participants to reduce dependence on others in social situations through supporting their independent thinking and actions. Originality/value – This study moves away from a deficit-focussed model of intervention to one that seeks to uncover strengths in order to empower individuals to use their existing knowledge.

Is Gender-Based Violence a Social Norm? Rethinking Power in a Popular Development Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-105
Author(s):  
Amy Piedalue ◽  
Amanda Gilbertson ◽  
Kalissa Alexeyeff ◽  
Elise Klein
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Control

Changing social norms has become the preferred approach in global efforts to prevent gender-based violence (GBV). In this article, we trace the rise of social norms within GBV-related policy and practice and their transformation from social processes that exist in the world to beliefs that exist in the minds of individuals. The analytic framework that underpins social norms approaches has been subject to ongoing critical revision but continues to have significant issues in its conceptualisation of power and its sidelining of the political economy. These issues are particularly apparent in the use of individualised measures of social norms that cannot demonstrate causation, and conflation of social norms with culture. Recognising that the pressure to measure may be a key factor in reducing the complexity of the social norms approach, we call for the use of mixed methods in documenting the factors and processes that contribute to GBV and the effectiveness of interventions. As social norms approaches are increasingly prioritised over addressing the non-normative contributors to GBV (such as access to and control over productive resources), awareness of the limitations of social norms approaches is vital.

scholarly journals Knee-High Boots and Six-Pack Abs: Autoethnographic Reflections on Gender and Technology in Second Life

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Dumitrica ◽  
Georgia Gaden
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Gender And Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Performance Of Gender ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Visual Element ◽  
Situated Perspective

In this paper, we explore the experience and performance of gender online in Second Life, currently one of the most popular virtual world platforms. Based on two collaborative autoethnographic projects, we propose that gender has to be explored at the intersection between our own situated perspective and the vision embedded in the social and technical infrastructure of the virtual world. For us, the visual element of a 3D world further frames the representation and performance of gender, while technical skill becomes a crucial factor in constructing our ability to play with this performance. As we recollect and interrogate our own experiences in SL, we argue that the relation between gender and virtual worlds is a complex and multifaceted one, proposing our positioned account of experiencing this relation. It is critical, we suggest, that studies of mediated experience in virtual worlds take into account the position of the researcher in ‘real’ life (IRL) as well as the dominant discourses of the environment they are immersed in. In this we must also be critical, of ourselves, our assumptions, as well as the environment itself.

How the Spread of User-Generated Contents (UGC) Shapes International Tourism Distribution: Using Agent-Based Modeling to Inform Strategic UGC Marketing

2020 ◽  
pp. 004728752095163
Author(s):  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Shu Cole ◽  
Peter Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Travel Decision ◽  
Media Channels

While user-generated contents (UGC) are recognized as increasingly important to destination marketing, many DMOs are uncertain how to strategically manage them to their best advantage, largely due to their lack of understanding of mechanisms underlying the UGC effects. By integrating multiple theories of travel decision-making and UGC distribution, this study develops and validates an agent-based model to inform DMOs of potential causal mechanisms of how individual tourists’ UGC behavioral features shape international arrival distribution via the social media channels of review sites (RSs) and social networking sites (SNSs). Simulated experiments with the model decompose and assess the complex UGC behavioral effects, which further suggest context-based favorable UGC distribution statuses for DMOs’ strategic UGC marketing. The model developed following a rigid procedure offers a promising UGC research approach toward the combination of restrictive causal conceptualization and real-life replicability. It also provides an adaptive prototype for cost-effective UGC effect assessments by DMOs.

Social Skills of Preschoolers with and without Craniofacial Anomalies

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Krueckeberg ◽  
Kathy A. Kapp-Simon ◽  
Sheila C. Ribordy
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Children's Social Skills ◽  
And Control

The study compared the social skills of preschoolers with and without craniofacial anomalies (CFA). Fifty-two children completed self-perception and facial expression tasks and a social skills interview. Parents and teachers also rated the children's social skills. Children with CFA gave less friendly responses to hypothetical social situations and were rated as less attractive by graduate students. Girls with CFA reported above average self-perceptions. Parents and teachers rated the children with CFA as having a level of social skills equal to the children without CFA. Different factors were predictive of level of social skills for CFA and control children.

scholarly journals Role Problems of Offenders and Correctional Workers

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Edwin J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Role Conflict ◽  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control

This paper analyzes selected problems of offenders and work ers in correction as special cases of more general problems of role. The research findings, theory, and related concepts of social role are drawn upon for a better understanding of these specific problems and ways to alter them, and the emerging specialization of role theory is discussed. The role problems of offenders are considered in terms of nonlegitimate socialization, characteristics of the deviant position, role discontinuity, and role conflict. The problems of correctional workers are set forth in terms of role discontinuities, role conflict and dissensus, role ambiguity, and pressure and strain. The identification of these various role prob lems carries implications for their solutions. As one perspective and body of knowledge required to understand and control be havior in real-life situations, role theory provides an emphasis upon the web of external social determinants and thereby helps to counterbalance a pervasive tendency to view personal difficul tiles as individual psychological maladies independent of the social environment.

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Teaching in Selected Social Virtual Worlds

2013 ◽  
pp. 1395-1416
Author(s):  
R. S. Talab ◽  
Hope R. Botterbusch
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Virtual Property ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control

Topics discussed in this chapter include Generations Y and Z and their acceptance of virtual reality, the increase in the number of virtual worlds, gaming virtual worlds, and the social virtual worlds for educators selected for inclusion in this discussion. Open source virtual world platform portability issues are discussed in connection with the acquisition, development, and control of virtual property. The line between “play spaces” and real life is discussed in terms of the application of the “magic circle” test to teaching in virtual worlds with a real-money based virtual currency system, as well as how faculty can reduce student legal and ethical problems. Virtual world law is examined in light of the terms of service (TOS) and end-user license agreements (EULAs), the concept of virtual property, community standards/behavioral guidelines, safety/privacy statements, intellectual property and copyright. Ethical aspects of teaching in virtual worlds include a definition and analysis of griefing/abuse, harassment, false identity, and ways that each world handles these problems. Whyville, SmallWorlds, and Second Life are examined in terms of legal and ethical aspects Research findings and legal and ethical teaching guidelines are presented for those teaching courses using virtual worlds, with special considerations for teaching in Second Life. These topics are for informational purposes, only. Instructors should seek competent legal counsel.

scholarly journals Impaired Knowledge of Social Norms in Dementia and Psychiatric Disorders: Validation of the Social Norms Questionnaire–Dutch Version (SNQ-NL)

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110082
Author(s):  
E. van den Berg ◽  
J. M. Poos ◽  
L. C. Jiskoot ◽  
B. Montagne ◽  
R. P. C. Kessels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

The Social Norms Questionnaire–Dutch version (SNQ-NL) measures the ability to understand and identify social boundaries. We examined the psychometric characteristics of the SNQ-NL and its ability to differentiate between patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD; n = 23), Alzheimer’s dementia (AD; n = 26), chronic psychiatric disorders ( n = 27), and control participants ( n = 92). Between-group differences in the Total score, Break errors, and Overadhere errors were examined and associations with demographic variables and other cognitive functions were explored. Results showed that the SNQ-NL Total Score and Break errors differed between patients with AD and bvFTD, but not between patients with bvFTD and psychiatric disorders. Modest correlations with age, sex, and education were observed. The SNQ-NL Total score and Break errors correlated significantly with emotion recognition and verbal fluency but not with processing speed or mental flexibility. In conclusion, the SNQ-NL has sufficient construct validity and can be used to investigate knowledge of social norms in clinical populations.

scholarly journals The ethics of inattention: revitalising civil inattention as a privacy-protecting mechanism in public spaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Sharon ◽  
Bert-Jaap Koops
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Erving Goffman ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Digital Surveillance ◽  
The Social

AbstractSocieties evolve practices that reflect social norms of appropriateness in social interaction, for example when and to what extent one should respect the boundaries of another person’s private sphere. One such practice is what the sociologist Erving Goffman called civil inattention—the social norm of showing a proper amount of indifference to others—which functions as an almost unnoticed yet highly potent privacy-preserving mechanism. These practices can be disrupted by technologies that afford new forms of intrusions. In this paper, we show how new networked technologies, such as facial recognition (FR), challenge our ability to practice civil inattention. We argue for the need to revitalise, in academic and policy debates, the role of civil inattention and related practices in regulating behaviour in public space. Our analysis highlights the relational nature of privacy and the importance of social norms in accomplishing and preserving it. While our analysis goes some way in supporting current calls to ban FR technology, we also suggest that, pending a ban and in light of the power of norms to limit what is otherwise technically possible, cultivating new practices of civil inattention may help address the challenges raised by FR and other forms of digital surveillance in public.

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