Search Efforts, Selective Appropriation, and the Usefulness of New Knowledge

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Knowledge Diversity ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
New Knowledge

Prior research calls for more attention to organizational contexts’ moderating effects on a relationship between diversity in antecedent knowledge and resultant new knowledge generation. The authors examined 11,939 firms granted 103,952 U.S. patents between 1975 and 1999, and found a stronger positive association between the diversity and resultant new knowledge’s degree of usefulness under the context more strongly characterized with extensive search efforts (i.e., U.S. applicants). Under the context more strongly characterized with selective appropriation (i.e., non-U.S. applicants), the study found a weaker inverted U-shape association between the diversity and resultant new knowledge’s variability in usefulness. Author’s findings show that it is important needed to properly control for the effect of such organizational contexts for a more conclusive explanation on the role of antecedent knowledge diversity in new knowledge generation.

scholarly journals O enfermeiro educador: conhecimento técnico na formação profissional docente

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Luiz Faustino dos Santos Maia
Keyword(s):  
Educational Practice ◽  
Nurse Education ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Great Change ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Nurse Educator ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
New Ideas

A atuação do profissional enfermeiro no contexto educacional vem passando por momentos de grandes transformações no ensino caracterizado por mudanças sociais e educacionais. Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre a formação profissional do enfermeiro como educador. O método utilizado para desenvolver este estudo foi através de pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva e analítica. Para a elaboração foram utilizados livros e artigos de banco de dados eletrônicos. Teoria e prática estão vinculadas pelo próprio processo de geração de conhecimento. Da prática surgem novas reflexões e novos conhecimentos, portanto amplia-se a teoria e aí resulta nova alternativa para a prática. Para uma excelente pratica educacional se faz necessário que o docente tenha conhecimento na área pedagógica e de todos os elementos envolvidos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.Descritores: Enfermeiro, Educação, Conhecimento. The nurse as educator: expertise in training teachersAbstract: The role of the professional nurse in the educational context has experienced moments of great change in education characterized by social and educational changes. This study aimed to reflect on the training of the nurse educator. The method used for this study was developed through a literature descriptive and analytical. Were used for the preparation books and electronic databases. Theory and practice are bound by the process of knowledge generation. Practice brings new ideas and new knowledge thus expands the theory and results there new alternative for practice. For an excellent educational practice is necessary that the teacher has knowledge in the area of teaching and all the elements involved in the process of teaching and learning.Descriptors: Nurse, Education, Knowledge. El enfermero educador: conocimiento técnico en la formación profesional docenteResumen: El papel del profesional de enfermería en el contexto educativo ha experimentado momentos de grandes cambios en la educación se caracteriza por los cambios sociales y educativos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre la formación de la enfermera educadora. El método utilizado para este estudio se desarrolló a través de una literatura descriptiva y analítica. Fueron utilizados para los libros de preparación y bases de datos electrónicas. La teoría y la práctica están vinculadas por el proceso de generación de conocimiento. Práctica trae nuevas ideas y nuevos conocimientos ampliando de este modo la teoría y los resultados se nueva alternativa para la práctica. Para una excelente práctica educativa es necesario que el profesor tenga conocimientos en el área de la enseñanza y todos los elementos que intervienen en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.Descriptores: Enfermero, Educación, Conocimiento.

scholarly journals Resiliency, Meaning in Life, and Life Satisfaction: An Examination of Moderating Effects [Resiliencia, significado en la vida y satisfacción vital: un análisis de los efectos moderadores]

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Chloe Lau Lau ◽  
Anita Feher ◽  
Claire Anne Wilson ◽  
Sarah E. Babcock ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Moderating Role

While presence of meaning in life (i.e., presence) is associated with a plethora of desirable qualities (e.g., greater well-being, longevity, positive affect), search for meaning is associated with psychological distress (e.g., reports of conflict, rumination, depression; Boyle, Barnes, Buchman, & Bennett, 2009). Individuals with higher resiliency, defined as a multifaceted competency in adapting and recovering from adversity, could potentially mitigate the distress associated with search, and thus, achieve greater satisfaction with life (SWL). The present study examined the moderating role of meaning in life between resiliency (i.e., sense of mastery and sense of relatedness) and SWL in a sample of Canadian university students (N=289). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that there was a positive association between resiliency and SWL and this association was stronger at higher levels compared to lower levels of search for meaning. These results suggest that individuals searching for meaning with high levels of mastery have the greatest SWL, while their counterparts with low mastery have the lowest SWL. Similar moderating effects of search were found with the positive association between sense of relatedness and SWL. Overall, findings suggest that protective factors in resiliency may buffer against the potential negative impact of search. 

Commuting Distance and Work-to-Family Conflict: The Moderating Role of Residential Attributes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-251
Author(s):  
Shirin Montazer ◽  
Marisa Young
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Commuting Distance

Commuting is a boundary-spanning demand that can limit employees’ availability to fulfill family-related roles and routines, leading to work-to-family conflict (WFC). We argue that in cities with challenging housing markets, implications of commuting for WFC may vary by residential attributes, and that the moderating effects of residential attributes may vary by gender due to differences in the work-family interface. Analyses of survey data from individuals in the Greater Toronto Area suggest that (1) the positive association between commuting and WFC is stronger among those who are dissatisfied with their place of residence and live in more disordered neighborhoods, irrespective of gender; (2) homeownership protects against the negative impact of commuting distance on WFC—but only among men; and (3) alternatively, the positive association between commuting and WFC becomes stronger as neighborhood quality increases—but only among women. Our study underscores the importance of “compensation” by positive residential qualities in the relationship between commuting and WFC.

Parenthood, Subjective Well-Being, and the Moderating Effects of Parent Narcissism

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Robert S. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Pathological Narcissism ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Child Age

Abstract. Previous research on the link between parenthood and subjective well-being has observed a positive, a negative, or no relation between the two depending upon a variety of factors including, but not limited to, parent age, child age, and parent gender. The current study assessed an individual difference – parent narcissism – as an additional moderator of this link. The project assessed both non-pathological and pathological trait narcissism and differentiated between pathological grandiosity and vulnerability as it explored the extent to which each form of narcissism moderated the association between parenthood and well-being. Amazon Mturk workers completed measures of demographic characteristics, subjective well-being, and narcissism online. Overall, parenthood was positively associated with subjective well-being, but this effect was moderated such that the positive association between parenting and subjective well-being was observed only for those low in non-pathological narcissism and pathological grandiosity. Pathological vulnerability was negatively associated with subjective well-being but did not moderate the parenthood-subjective well-being link. The findings highlight the role of narcissistic grandiosity in influencing when and for whom parenthood might lead to more subjective well-being.

Role of Exosomes in the Exchange of Spermatozoa after Leaving the Seminiferous Tubule: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
Luming Wu ◽  
Yuan Ding ◽  
Shiqiang Han ◽  
Yiqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
The One

Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells upon fusion of an intermediate endocytic compartment with the plasma membrane. They refer to the intraluminal vesicles released from the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The contents and number of exosomes are related to diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Exosomes have been used in neurological research as a drug delivery tool and also as biomarkers for diseases. Recently, exosomes were observed in the seminal plasma of the one who is asthenozoospermia, which can affect sperm motility and capacitation. Objective: The main objective of this review is to deeply discuss the role of exosomes in spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule. Methods: We conducted an extensive search of the literature available on relationships between exosomes and exosomes in spermatozoa on the bibliographic database. Conclusion: : This review thoroughly discussed the role that exosomes play in the exchange of spermatozoa after leaving the seminiferous tubule and its potential as a drug delivery tool and biomarkers for diseases as well.

CEO and CFO Equity Incentives and the Pricing of Audit Services

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anthony Billings ◽  
Xinghua Gao ◽  
Yonghong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
Equity Incentives ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Distinctive Role

SUMMARY: The alleged perverse role of managerial incentives in accounting scandals, and the distinctive role of auditors in identifying and intervening in attempted earnings manipulation, highlight the importance of explicitly considering executive incentive plans by auditors in the auditing process. By empirically testing auditors' responses to CEO/CFO equity incentives in planning and pricing decisions using data from 2002 through 2009, we document compelling evidence that CFO equity incentives are positively associated with audit fees and CEO equity incentives are not statistically related to audit fees, suggesting that auditors perceive heightened audit risk associated with CFO equity incentives. Our further analyses reveal that the positive association between CFO equity incentives and audit fees is more pronounced in firms with weak internal controls, indicating heightened risk associated with CFO equity incentives in this setting perceived by auditors. JEL Classifications: G30, G34, M42, M52.

Mother Phubbing and Adolescent Cyberbullying: The Mediating Role of Perceived Mother Acceptance and the Moderating Role of Emotional Stability

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052098390
Author(s):  
Jiahui Qu ◽  
Li Lei ◽  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
Xiaochun Xie ◽  
Pengcheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Indirect Path ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies have found some risk factors of cyberbullying. However, little is known about how mother phubbing may influence adolescent cyberbullying, and the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. “Phubbing,” which is a portmanteau of “phone” and “subbing,” refers to snubbing other people and focus on smartphones in social interactions. This study examined whether mother phubbing, which refers to being phubbed by one’s mother, would be positively related to adolescent cyberbullying, whether perceived mother acceptance would mediate the relationship between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying, and whether emotional stability would moderate the pathways between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying. The sample consisted of 4,213 Chinese senior high school students (mean age 16.41 years, SD = 0.77, 53% were female). Participants completed measurements regarding mother phubbing, cyberbullying, perceived mother acceptance, and emotional stability. The results indicated that mother phubbing was positively related to cyberbullying, which was mediated by perceived mother acceptance. Further, moderated mediation analyses showed that emotional stability moderated the direct path between mother phubbing and cyberbullying and the indirect path between mother phubbing and perceived mother acceptance. This study highlighted the harmful impact of mother phubbing on adolescents by showing a positive association between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying, as well as the underlying mechanisms between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying.

scholarly journals Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis across 26 OECD Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
VINCENT BAKKER ◽  
OLAF VAN VLIET
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Welfare State Regimes

Abstract Raising employment has been at the heart of EU strategies for over twenty years. Social investment, by now a widely debated topic in the comparative welfare state literature, has been suggested as a way to pursue this. However, there are only a couple of systematic comparative analyses that focus on the employment outcomes associated with social investment. Analyses of the interdependence of these policies with regard to their outcomes are even more scarce. We empirically analyse the extent to which variation in employment rates within 26 OECD countries over the period 1990-2010 can be explained by effort on five social investment policies. We additionally explore the role of policy and institutional complementarities. Using time-series cross-section analyses we find robust evidence for a positive association between effort on ALMPs and employment rates. For other policies we obtain mixed results. ALMPs are the only policies for which we observe signs of policy interdependence, which point at diminishing marginal returns. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that the interdependence of social investment policies varies across welfare state regimes. Together, this indicates that the employment outcomes of social investment policies are also contingent on the broader framework of welfare state policies and institutions.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence and the Role of Child Maltreatment and Neighborhood Violence: A Retrospective Study of African American and US Caribbean Black Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2245
Author(s):  
Krim K. Lacey ◽  
Hira R. Shahid ◽  
Rohan D. Jeremiah
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
African American ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Moderating Effects

Background: Research suggests that intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with childhood maltreatment and violence exposure within the neighborhood context. This study examined the role of child maltreatment and violence exposure on intimate partner violence, with the moderating effects of mental disorders (IPV) among US Black women. Methods: Data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), the largest and most complete sample on the mental health of US Blacks, and the first representative sample of Caribbean Blacks residing in the United States was used to address the study objectives. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test of independence, t-test, and logistic regression procedures were used to analyze the data. Results: Bivariate results indicate an association between child abuse and intimate partner victimization among US Black women. Witnessing violence as a child as well as neighborhood violence exposure was also related to IPV but shown to differ between African American and Caribbean Black women. Multivariate findings confirmed the influence of mental disorders and social conditions on US Black women’s risk for IPV. Moderating effects of child maltreatment and mental disorders in association with adult IPV were not found. Conclusions: The study addressed the short and long-term impact of child maltreatment and the contribution to the cycle of intimate violence among US Black women including African American and Caribbean Blacks. The study suggests the need for prevention and intervention efforts to improve structural conditions for at-risk populations and communities predisposed to violence and other negative outcomes. Possibilities for future research are also discussed.

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