scholarly journals Fast immersion to test the stability of aggregates in water: consequences for interpreting results from tropical soil classes

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42453
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Fonseca da Silva ◽  
Patriciani Estela Cipriano ◽  
Matias Siueia Junior ◽  
Geslin Mars ◽  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Aggregates are the primary structural components of soil and have been used as an indicator of soil quality in conservation systems. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of slow pre-wetting on the results of the aggregate stability test for different classes of tropical soils. Data were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial design with three replications, in which the first factor comprised the two methods of pre-treatment on soil aggregates: without pre-wetting (WOPW), which considered the moisture of the aggregates in the field, and with pre-wetting (WPW), which considered the slow wetting of aggregates through capillarity on wet filter paper for 24h. The second factor consisted of four soil classes: Typic Dystrustept (Cambissolo Aplico distrófico in Embrapa), Typic Hapludult (Argissolo Amarelo distrófico), Rhodic Kandiudult (Nitossolo Vermelho distrófico), and Anionic Acrudox (Latossolo Vermelho distróferrico) and considered horizons A and B. The pre-wetting significantly increased the values of the weighted average diameter, geometric mean diameter and aggregate stability index. In soils with high organic carbon content, the practice of pre-moistening did not provide variation in aggregation.

scholarly journals Biomass Productivity of Different Winter Cover Crops and Their Effect on Soil Physical Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Willian dos Reis ◽  
Monica C. Sustakowski ◽  
Edleusa P. Seidel ◽  
Maria do C. Lana ◽  
Renata F. Barabasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Common Vetch

The cultivation of cover crops is a vegetative practice considered an alternative for sustainable soil management, due to its beneficial action in different aspects of soil properties. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivation of different species of cover crops on soil density, porosity and diameter of soil aggregates. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four species of winter green manure: black oat, forage turnip, forage pea, and common vetch, a consortium of black oat + forage turnip and area kept fallow (control). The following evaluations were performed: dry matter production of cover crops, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil density, geometric mean diameter and weighted average diameter. The cultivation with forage turnip and the consortium of black oat + forage turnip presented higher dry matter productivity, decreased soil density, increased soil porosity, improved the distribution in relation to macropores and aggregate stability.

scholarly journals Modelling Alternatives for Highland Soil Structural Degradation and Erodibility, Bui Plateau, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeves M. Fokeng ◽  
Zephania N. Fogwe
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Biochemistry ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Soil Structural Stability ◽  
Physical Degradation

Highland triggers of soil physical degradation through the fragilisation of soil aggregates are primarily factors of soil biochemistry and anthropogenic mishandling of land resources. Soil degradation forms are challenging the sustenance of human systems on earth. This study probes into soil physical degradation and exposure to external stressors using 60 soil samples collected and analysed for soil aggregate stability, vulnerability and erodibility to determine soil structural stability/resilient capacity. The soils were found to be stable in structure, but highly vulnerable to stress and erodible. Coarse-granitic sandy soils just as the less evolved erosion soils of the eastern slopes of the plateau were proven to be most erodible and vulnerable to physical degradation. Soil Structural Stability Index (ISS) was very low (≤ 4.3%: severe physical degradation) for disturbed soils under grazing with similar tendencies on cultivated humid volcanic soils. High erosion vulnerability/erodibility soils are indicative of low organic matter and organic carbon content issuant of heavy and uncontrolled grazing, annual biomass burning and long-term cropping without soil improvement schemes which calls for guided land use practices over the Bui Plateau.

scholarly journals Aggregation Index in Representative Soils of the Paraiba State

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 266-281
Author(s):  
Petrus Luiz de Luna Pequeno ◽  
Flávio Pereida de Oliveira ◽  
Viviane Barrozo da Silva ◽  
Antonio Carlos Duarte Ricciotti ◽  
Jairo André Schlindwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Soil Class ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Wet Sieving

The stability of soil aggregates is an important physical parameter as it mainly influences the flow of water and air in the soil. In this sence, the research aimed to determine the stability aggregates index in six representative soil classes in the Paraíba State-Brazil at different stages of pedological development. The soil classes analyzed is localized on the Microregions of the Curimataú Occidental (Ferrasol, Planosol, Leptosol, Arenosol) and Brejo Paraibano (Acrisol, Lixisol), on the Paraíba state, Brazil. At depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm was collected three undeformed soil samples were collected per mini trench (one per depth), making a total of 15 samples per soil class and 90 total samples.  In each soil class was analysed: chemical parameters, granulometrics parameters, stability of agregates,  Weighted average diameter via wet sieving (DMPAu) and Weighted average diameter via dry sieving (DMPAs); agregate stability index (IEA). For the conditions that research was developed can conclude that: The IEA values tended to increase with clay contents in all soil classes; Among the less developed soils, the IEA values were better in the  Planosol soil, denoting that there is a probable relationship with the low contents of K, Na and Al; In the more developed soils, the high values of Na and Al may have contributed to the lower IEA in the PVd, while the lower values may have contributed to the higher IEA in Ferrasol and Lixisol soils.

scholarly journals Aggregate stability by the "high energy moisture characteristic" method in an oxisol under differentiated management

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érika Andressa da Silva ◽  
Geraldo César de Oliveira ◽  
Bruno Montoani Silva ◽  
Carla Eloize Carducci ◽  
Junior Cesar Avanzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Moisture Characteristic ◽  
The Stability

Studies testing the High Energy Moisture Characteristic (HEMC) technique in tropical soils are still incipient. By this method, the effects of different management systems can be evaluated. This study investigated the aggregation state of an Oxisol under coffee with Brachiaria between crop rows and surface-applied gypsum rates using HEMC. Soil in an experimental area in the Upper São Francisco region, Minas Gerais, was studied at depths of 0.05 and 0.20 m in coffee rows. The treatments consisted of 0, 7, and 28 Mg ha-1 of agricultural gypsum rates distributed on the soil surface of the coffee rows, between which Brachiaria was grown and periodically cut, and compared with a treatment without Brachiaria between coffee rows and no gypsum application. To determine the aggregation state using the HEMC method, soil aggregates were placed in a Büchner funnel (500 mL) and wetted using a peristaltic pump with a volumetric syringe. The wetting was applied increasingly at two pre-set speeds: slow (2 mm h-1) and fast (100 mm h-1). Once saturated, the aggregates were exposed to a gradually increasing tension by the displacement of a water column (varying from 0 to 30 cm) to obtain the moisture retention curve [M = f (Ψ) ], underlying the calculation of the stability parameters: modal suction, volume of drainable pores (VDP), stability index (slow and fast), VDP ratio, and stability ratio. The HEMC method conferred sensitivity in quantifying the aggregate stability parameters, and independent of whether gypsum was used, the soil managed with Brachiaria between the coffee rows, with regular cuts discharged in the crop row direction, exhibited a decreased susceptibility to disaggregation.

Characteristics and Stability of Soil Aggregates in Tea Plantation

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 968-974
Author(s):  
Zi Cheng Zheng ◽  
Ting Xuan Li ◽  
Shu Qin He
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Wet Sieving

Soil aggregate stability as a key indicator of soil structure and erodibility to evaluate soil stability, is a product of interactions between soil environment, management practices, and land use patterns. The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution characteristics, characteristics of fractal features and stability of soil aggregates in tea plantations and eucalyptus plantations of Western Sichuan in China. The dry- and water-stable aggregate size distributions were determined by dry sieving and wet sieving methods. The results showed that soil structural properties in tea and eucalyptus plantations were similar. With increase in depth of soil layer, the aggregate stability of tea plantation soil became stronger. Comparative analysis of dry and wet sieving results showed that most of the aggregates in tea plantation soil were unstable. The soil aggregates >5mm and 0.5-0.25mm in size had higher stability, while those 2-1mm in size had lower stability. For tea plantation soil, the correlation coefficients between aggregate stability index and mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, fractal dimension were bigger under wet sieving than those under dry sieving. The results showed that aggregate stability index, mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, fractal dimension of water-stable aggregates could characterize soil aggregate stability in tea plantation ideally.

FEATURES OF USING A GROUND LASER PROFILER TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF SOIL CULTIVATION ON AGRICULTURAL SLOPE LANDSCAPES

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
SERGEY A. VASILIEV ◽  
◽  
VIKTOR А. ALEKSEEV ◽  
MIKHAIL A. VASILIEV ◽  
ALEKSEI A. VASILIEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Surface Slope ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Equal Height

The authors analyze an extensive set of data for measuring the daily surface profi le of the cultivated soil to assess its agrotechnical parameters. The research was carried out on a small agricultural catchment area of the Orininsky rural settlement, which is located in the Morgaushy district of the Chuvash Republic. Three agricultural fi elds were selected, ranging from 25 ha to 53 ha. The studied areas were cultivated in various ways: plowing with harrowing, disking the soil and winter plowing. The profi les of the studied elementary sections were measured using a developed ground-based circular laser profi lometer. Data on the state of the profi le were used to determine the main agrotechnical parameters - clumping, cloddiness, surface slope, and deviation of the travel trajectory of a machine and tractor unit from the line of equal height. A software tool for processing and analyzing data received from sensors has been developed. The results established that the deviation of the projection of the greatest elevation line changes (measured by the slope) from the travel trajectory of a unit with an angle of 62, a slope of 6.5, and in a quantitative size distribution soil aggregates of 1…4 inches in diameter prevail. The weighted average diameter of the clods was 3.99 cm. The research results have determined the use of recommend methods for stating the agrotechnical parameters of the daylight surface to evaluate the cultivated soil in accordance with agrotechnical requirements.

scholarly journals Do different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect the formation and stability of soil aggregates?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisângela Viana Barbosa ◽  
Daniela de Fátima Pedroso ◽  
Nilton Curi ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Porous Space ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Soil structure, which is defined by the arrangement of the particles and the porous space forming aggregates, is one of the most important properties of the soil. Among the biological factors that influence the formation and stabilization of soil aggregates, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are distinguished due to extrarradicular hyphae and glomalin production. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate different AMF (Acaulospora colombiana, Acaulospora longula, Acaulospora morrowiae, Paraglomus occultum and Gigaspora margarita) associated with Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf on soil aggregate stability. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design, using an Oxisol and autoclaved sand 2:1 (v/v), with seven treatments: five AMF; and treatments with plants without inoculation and with only the soil, with 5 replicates. The experiment was conducted during 180 days and the following variables were evaluated: mycelium total length (TML); production of easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) in the soil and aggregate classes; stability of the dry and immersed in water aggregates through the mean geometric diameter (MGD) and the mean weighted diameter (MWD) of aggregates; and the soil aggregate stability index (ASI). It was observed that the inoculation favored soil aggregation, with a high incidence of A. colombiana, which presented the highest MGD, TML and GRSP production in the aggregates with Ø>2.0mm and for A. colombiana and A. morrowiae in the aggregates with Ø<0.105 mm, when compared to the treatment without inoculation. These results show that there is a distinction between the effects of different AMF on the formation and stability of soil aggregates.

Stabilization of Soil Aggregates in Relation to Soil Redistribution by Intensive Tillage on a Steep Hillslope

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3566-3571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Zhuang Xiong ◽  
Wu Xian Yan ◽  
Yue Qun Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Sloping Land ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to investigate soil aggregate stability within landscape on hillslopes by intensive tillage. Traditional tillage by consecutive hoeing was performed 5 and 20 times on steeply sloping land of the Sichuan Basin, China, by using the methods of simulated tillage to analyze the impact of long-term tillage on soil aggregates at different slope positions. The dry-sieved method was used to determine distribution of aggregate size in the different landscape positions, and mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) as indices of soil aggregate stability. The different times of tillage resulted in different soil aggregate distributions. The results showed that the MWD and GMD values of aggregates were significantly decreased (p< 0.05) after 20-tillage operation, compared with pre-tillage operation. The differences in distributions of MWD and GMD demonstrate that the choice of the tillage times can be an important factor in changing soil aggregate stability and productivity in steeply sloping fields.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CONVERTING AREAS CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE TO EUCALYPT PLANTATIONS ON SOIL QUALITY IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldair de Souza Medeiros ◽  
Rener Luciano de Souza Ferraz ◽  
Thamirys Suelle da Silva ◽  
Anderson Vitor Lins da Silva ◽  
Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Properties Of Soil

ABSTRACT Reforestation is considered an effective method to improve soil quality and drain atmospheric CO2 by sequestering carbon, in both soil and vegetation. In this regard, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of converting areas cultivated with sugarcane to eucalypt plantations (Eucalyptus spp.) on soil quality and carbon sequestration in a Latossolo (Ferralsol) in the Atlantic Forest region of the Alagoas state, Brazil, through multivariate analysis. The systems under evaluation consisted of four areas: one area cultivated with sugarcane for approximately 20 years, taken as the reference area of this study, and the other three adjacent areas cultivated with eucalypt at 1 (E1), 3 (E3) and 6 (E6) years of age, previously cultivated with sugarcane. Physical (bulk density - BD, Mean weight-diameter - MWD, geometric mean diameter - GMD and aggregate stability index - ASI), chemical (soil organic carbon - SOC, total nitrogen - TN, labile carbon - LC and recalcitrant carbon - RC) and biological (Microbial biomass carbon - MBC, soil carbon respiration - C-CO2 and metabolic quotient - qCO2) properties of soil were evaluated. Data were collected, standardized and submitted to exploratory analysis with principal components. The results show that SOC, LC, TN, GMD, MWD and ASI increased, while BD showed a reduction in E3 and E6 systems. The conversion of sugarcane cultivation with burning of straw and manual harvest into eucalypt plantations was efficient at promoting SOC sequestration and improving physical, chemical and biological properties of soil.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Preparation and Layers on the Weighted Mean Diameter and Geometric Mean Diameter of a Red Distroferric Latosol

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira ◽  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Márcio William Roque ◽  
Antônio Renan Berchol da Silva ◽  
Fábio Kempim Pittelkow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
The City

The objective of this work was to study the influence of three management systems on the physical attributes and productivity of irrigated wheat, cultivar BRS-254, in the city of Tangara da Serra, MT.  The soil physical attributes were: weighted mean diameter (DMP) and geometric mean diameter (DMG).  The experimental design was in randomized blocks. The treatments for weighted average diameter (WMD) and geometric mean diameter (DMG) were arranged in a subdivided plot scheme, with eight replications. The tilting preparations obtained the highest DMPs compared to SD both in the 0-10 cm layer and in the 10-20 cm layer, a result possibly related to the incorporation of residues during the soil preparation associated with higher mucilage production promoted by higher activity of the root system of the crop, which found better soil physical conditions for its development. The PC presented a reduction in DMP when comparing the value in the 0-10 cm layer with the value in the 10-20 cm layer. The significant effect of soil preparation on DMG can also be a result of the incorporation of residues during the preparation, associated to the effect of higher root volume promoted by the higher root growth of the crop in these preparations, which, in turn, guarantee greater production of mucilages promoting greater soil aggregation and higher DMG. The use of the disk grid in the PC and PM interferes with the soil attributes. Soil inversion provided higher WMD and DMG.

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