scholarly journals IMPACT OF CONVERTING AREAS CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE TO EUCALYPT PLANTATIONS ON SOIL QUALITY IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldair de Souza Medeiros ◽  
Rener Luciano de Souza Ferraz ◽  
Thamirys Suelle da Silva ◽  
Anderson Vitor Lins da Silva ◽  
Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Properties Of Soil

ABSTRACT Reforestation is considered an effective method to improve soil quality and drain atmospheric CO2 by sequestering carbon, in both soil and vegetation. In this regard, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of converting areas cultivated with sugarcane to eucalypt plantations (Eucalyptus spp.) on soil quality and carbon sequestration in a Latossolo (Ferralsol) in the Atlantic Forest region of the Alagoas state, Brazil, through multivariate analysis. The systems under evaluation consisted of four areas: one area cultivated with sugarcane for approximately 20 years, taken as the reference area of this study, and the other three adjacent areas cultivated with eucalypt at 1 (E1), 3 (E3) and 6 (E6) years of age, previously cultivated with sugarcane. Physical (bulk density - BD, Mean weight-diameter - MWD, geometric mean diameter - GMD and aggregate stability index - ASI), chemical (soil organic carbon - SOC, total nitrogen - TN, labile carbon - LC and recalcitrant carbon - RC) and biological (Microbial biomass carbon - MBC, soil carbon respiration - C-CO2 and metabolic quotient - qCO2) properties of soil were evaluated. Data were collected, standardized and submitted to exploratory analysis with principal components. The results show that SOC, LC, TN, GMD, MWD and ASI increased, while BD showed a reduction in E3 and E6 systems. The conversion of sugarcane cultivation with burning of straw and manual harvest into eucalypt plantations was efficient at promoting SOC sequestration and improving physical, chemical and biological properties of soil.

Effect of 10 years of biofertiliser use on soil quality and rice yield on an Inceptisol in Assam, India

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smrita Buragohain ◽  
Banashree Sarma ◽  
Dhruba J. Nath ◽  
Nirmali Gogoi ◽  
Ram S. Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Total P

In the present study, field experiments were performed over 10 consecutive years (2006–15) to assess the effects of biofertiliser and enriched biocompost on soil quality, total organic carbon (TOC) and rice yields in an Inceptisol. Experiments were conducted in a randomised block design with four replicates and five treatments: unfertilised control (T1); recommended doses of inorganic fertiliser (T2); biofertiliser with reduced (50%) inorganic N and P fertilisers (T3); reduced (50%) inorganic N and P fertilisers with 1 t ha–1 enriched biocompost (T4); and reduced (75%) inorganic N and P fertilisers with 2 t ha–1 enriched biocompost (T5). T3 improved soil chemical and biological properties with enhanced soil quality index (40%), total P (23%), total K (42%) and fungal (38%) and bacterial (44%) colony counts. T5 significantly improved the carbon pool index (29%) and available nutrients (N, P and K at rates of 37%, 22% and 10% respectively) and increased soil pH (11%), resulting in a higher sustainable yield index (39%) of rice. Fraction 2 (labile carbon) of TOC, total P, available K, microbial biomass carbon and phosphate-solubilising bacteria were key indicators to assess the suitability of these fertilisers in rice cultivation in north-east India.

scholarly journals Qualidade do Solo sob Cultivo de Banana em Sistemas de Produção Orgânico e Convencional em Gonçalves (MG)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Vanêssa Lopes de Faria ◽  
Rogério Melloni ◽  
Eliane Guimarães Pereira Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Conventional Production

O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade do solo em função dos diferentes sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional de banana mediante análise integrada dos atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos, tendo como referência uma área de mata nativa. As amostras deformadas e indeformadas foram coletadas na profundidade de 0 a 20 cm, no município de Gonçalves (MG) e submetidas às análises físicas (textura, densidade do solo, densidade de partículas, porosidade total, diâmetro médio geométrico e ponderado), químicas (fertilidade básica e matéria orgânica), microbiológicas (carbono da biomassa microbiana, atividade microbiana e qCO2). Os resultados indicam que as práticas culturais e o manejo do solo adotado no sistema de produção orgânico e convencional contribuíram para um aporte expressivo de matéria orgânica atribuído à constante deposição da biomassa da bananeira, sem diferença com a área de referência de mata nativa, havendo, dessa forma, manutenção da qualidade física e microbiológica do solo. Os indicadores químicos apresentaram condições químicas favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do plantel nos sistemas orgânicos, e em especial nos sistemas convencionais, onde, além do material orgânico depositado, houve adição de insumos químicos. Ressalta-se as limitações da seleção dos indicadores químicos, os quais não avaliaram os efeitos dos insumos químicos utilizados nos sistemas convencionais, sendo este, o principal fator que diferencia o manejo realizado nos sistemas orgânicos e convencionais. Soil Quality under Banana Cultivation in Organic and Conventional Production Systems in Gonçalves (MG) ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to evaluate the soil quality depending on different banana cultivation conventional and organic systems, through integrated analysis of physical, chemical and microbiological attributes, using an area of a native forest as reference. The deformed and not deformed samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 20 cm in the city of Gonçalves (Minas Gerais’ state), then undergo to physic analysis (texture, soil density, particle density, total porosity, weighted geometric mean diameter); chemical (soil fertility and organic matter); and microbiological (microbial biomass carbon, microbial activity and qCO2). The results indicated that the cultural practices and the soil management adopted in the organic and conventional productions system contributed to an expressive input of organic matter, improving soil quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbiological aspects. Thus, due to the similarity of soil quality, it is recommended that the practices of adding agricultural inputs to conventional production systems be reviewed.Keywords: use of the soil, banana cultivation, indicators of the soil quality.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Amendment on Soil Problems and Improving Rice Production under Salinity Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulaqa Aqa Anwari ◽  
Ajmal Mandozai ◽  
Jin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Biochar Amendment ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Soil with poor physio-chemical and biological properties prevent plant growth. These poor characteristics may be due to soil creation processes, but also include largely inappropriate agricultural practices and/or anthropogenic pollution. During the last 4 decades, the world has lost one-third of its cropland due to pollution and erosion. Therefore, a series of operations is required to improve and recover the soil. Biochar is a new multifunctional carbon material extensively used as a modifier to improve soil quality and crop production. Previous studies have discussed the properties of biochar with varying soil pollutants and their effects on soil productivity and carbon sequestration. Comparatively, little attention has been paid to the effects of biochar application on rice growth in the problem of soils, especially in the saline-sodic soils. A comprehensive review of the literature with a high focusing on the effects of biochar application on problem soils and rice-growing under salinity conditions is needed. The present review gives an overview of the soil's problem, biochar amendment effects on physicochemical properties of soil, and how the biochar amendment could interact in soil microbes and root with remediation under salinity conditions for improving rice productivity. The findings of this review showed that biochar application can improve soil quality, reduce soil's problem and increase rice production under salinity conditions. It is anticipated that further researches on the biochar amendment will increase our understanding of the interactions of biochar with soil components, accelerate our attempts on soil remediation, and improve rice production under salinity conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of sodicity induced changes in soil physical properties on paddy root growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srivastava PK ◽  
M. Gupta ◽  
A. Pandey ◽  
V. Pandey ◽  
N. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Induced Changes

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of sodicity induced changes in soil physical properties on paddy root growth in the normal agriculture, semi-reclaimed and sodic soils. The root growth (length, length density, biomass and distribution pattern) were unfavourably affected by the soil physical properties (bulk density, soil aggregate stability, available water content, hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention potential) in the case of sodic soil. The microbial biomass carbon, bacterial, fungal population and dehydrogenase activity showed the lower values in the case of sodosol compared to the normal soil. These soil biological properties tend to sustain paddy root growth in normal and semi-reclaimed soils. Principal component analysis revealed that soil physical properties accounted for 98.2% of total variance in root growth. The study revealed that salt stress induces changes in soil physical properties limiting paddy root growth in the salt affected soils. It is important to reclaim sodosols to alleviate salt induced physical stress for optimum paddy root growth.

A comparison of indexing methods to evaluate quality of soils: the role of soil microbiological properties

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Romaniuk ◽  
Lidia Giuffré ◽  
Alejandro Costantini ◽  
Norberto Bartoloni ◽  
Paolo Nannipieri
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The study evaluates and compares two procedures for selecting soil quality indicators (used for the construction of soil quality indices, SQI) by using diverse chemical, physical, and biological properties, and evaluates the role of soil microbiological properties in the construction of SQI. Different soil environments were selected from an extensive agricultural production site in the rolling pampa, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The plots included an undisturbed soil, a grassland soil, and continuous tilled soils with four different surface horizon depths (25, 23, 19, and 14 cm). Various properties were measured, and a minimum dataset was chosen by principal component analysis (PCA) considering all measured soil properties together (procedure A), or the PCA was performed separately according to classification as physical, chemical, or biological soil properties (procedure B). The measured soil properties involved physical, chemical, and biochemical properties determined by standard protocols used in routine laboratory analysis (simple SQI, SSQI) or more laborious protocols to determine microbial community structure and function by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and catabolic response profile (CRP), respectively (complex SQI, CSQI). The selected properties were linearly normalised and integrated by the weight additive method to calculate SSQI A, SSQI B, CSQI A, and CSQI B indices. Two microbiological SQI (MSQI) were also calculated; MSQI 1 considered only biological properties according to the procedure used for calculating SQI; MSQI 2 was calculated by considering three selected microbiological parameters representing the size (microbial biomass carbon), activity (soil basal respiration), and functional diversity (evenness, determined by CRP) of the microbial communities. All of the constructed indices show the same differences among the study sites. The inclusion of CRP and PLFA data in the indices slightly increased, or did not increase, the index sensitivity. Microbiological indices had the same sensitivity as the indices integrated by physical, chemical, and biological properties. An evaluation of the SQI constructed by both procedures found no difference in sensitivity. However, SQI constructed by procedure B allowed evaluation of the effects of management practices on physical, chemical, and biological soil properties.

scholarly journals Effects of Annual and Perennial Alleyway Cover Crops on Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Soil Quality in Pacific Northwest Red Raspberry

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Rudolph ◽  
Lisa W. DeVetter ◽  
Inga A. Zasada ◽  
Cedar Hesse
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Cover crops can lessen soil erosion and compaction, improve water infiltration, enhance nutrient availability, suppress weeds, and assist with pest management. However, cover crops are not commonly used in alleyways of established red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) fields in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Rather, the space between red raspberry beds is repeatedly cultivated and the soil is kept bare, which has detrimental effects on soil quality. Adoption of alleyway cover crops is limited because red raspberry growers are concerned about resource competition between a cover crop and red raspberry crop. A 2-year study was conducted in an established ‘Meeker’ red raspberry field in northwest Washington to evaluate the effects of eight annually seeded alleyway cover crops (cultivars of wheat, cereal rye, triticale, oat, and ryegrass), one perennial ryegrass alleyway cover crop, mowed weed vegetation, and the industry standard of cultivated bare soil (Till) on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil quality in alleyways and raised beds. This included evaluating soil bulk density (Db), compaction, organic matter, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), macro- and micronutrients, and bacterial and fungal community structure; red raspberry yield and fruit quality were also evaluated. Although there were statistically significant differences among treatments across sampling dates for CEC, there were no consistent trends. Alleyways planted with the perennial ryegrass mix had the lowest mean Db 6 and 24 months after seeding. Tilled alleyways had the lowest Db 12 and 18 months into the study. Red raspberry grown adjacent to Till did not result in a significantly higher estimated yield or fruit total soluble solids than raspberry grown adjacent to cover crops in either year of the experiment. Differences in microbial community structure were observed among seasons rather than treatments. These results do not demonstrate significant effects of alleyway cover crops on red raspberry productivity when applied to established fields. The potential benefits of alleyway cover cropping on soil quality may outweigh any concerns regarding resource competition. Changes in soil quality are often difficult to quantify and require long-term study.

scholarly journals Permaculture: A Key Driver for Sustainable Agriculture in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Devashish Bhandari ◽  
Bishal Bista
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Our study primarily focused on permaculture for sustained agriculture. Permaculture can be a best alternative for modern industrial and commercial based agriculture which has given a good yield at present but, it is deteriorating soil quality and other environmental aspects. More ever it can lead to a global threat in the future due to overuse and somewhere due to unutilized resources which may give rise to the food and economic insecurity. By compiling the different literatures, we reviewed that permaculture enriches soil quality by increasing organic matter in soil thus increasing water retention capacity, infiltration, nutrient availability, microbial activities and decreasing the erosion. Thus, it increases physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. It provides food and economic safety by providing diverse crops, increasing yield and income of farm andproviding least cost inputs with increasing output. It is an efficient in terms of resource use as it utilizes renewable resources and makes connections like a web among resources. This review can be useful information for students, research topic for permaculturists for making it smoother and other environmental enthusiast. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 167-173  

scholarly journals Fast immersion to test the stability of aggregates in water: consequences for interpreting results from tropical soil classes

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42453
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Fonseca da Silva ◽  
Patriciani Estela Cipriano ◽  
Matias Siueia Junior ◽  
Geslin Mars ◽  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Aggregates are the primary structural components of soil and have been used as an indicator of soil quality in conservation systems. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of slow pre-wetting on the results of the aggregate stability test for different classes of tropical soils. Data were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial design with three replications, in which the first factor comprised the two methods of pre-treatment on soil aggregates: without pre-wetting (WOPW), which considered the moisture of the aggregates in the field, and with pre-wetting (WPW), which considered the slow wetting of aggregates through capillarity on wet filter paper for 24h. The second factor consisted of four soil classes: Typic Dystrustept (Cambissolo Aplico distrófico in Embrapa), Typic Hapludult (Argissolo Amarelo distrófico), Rhodic Kandiudult (Nitossolo Vermelho distrófico), and Anionic Acrudox (Latossolo Vermelho distróferrico) and considered horizons A and B. The pre-wetting significantly increased the values of the weighted average diameter, geometric mean diameter and aggregate stability index. In soils with high organic carbon content, the practice of pre-moistening did not provide variation in aggregation.

Soil changes following long-term cultivation of pulses

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. GANESHAMURTHY
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Pulse Crop ◽  
Biological Variables

SUMMARYStudies were conducted on Entisols to understand the effects of continuous pulse cultivation on soil chemical, physical and biological properties by comparing with continuous non-pulse crops and uncultivated soils. Soils of a Typic Ustochrept, developed from the same parent material, from 16-year-old pulse cultivation fields, non-pulse crop fields and uncultivated fallow fields in a location with uniform topography were analysed using a polyphasic approach combining traditional soil physical and chemical analysis, culture-dependent and independent microbiological analysis and enzymatic analysis. Among the soil physical properties, only soil aggregate stability and soil compaction showed significant improvement in soils under pulses than non-pulse crops. Compared to uncultivated fallows, the soil pH after pulse cultivation was about 1 unit lower while non-pulse crop cultivation reduced it by 0·36. The chemical and biological variables that contribute most to the discrimination of the pulses effect and non-pulse crops effect on soil quality are organic carbon (C), microbial biomass C, nitrogen (N) and biomass ninhydrin-N, and secondary variables related to N cycle:nitrate (NO3–N), organic and total soluble N. The enzyme activities were significantly higher in soils after pulse cultivation than after non-pulse crops or uncultivated fallow. The soil quality of pulse cultivation fields seems to be markedly different to that of non-pulse crop fields and uncultivated fallows in terms of all the variables studied.

scholarly journals Soil Quality Indicators After Sequential Applications of Poultry Litter

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Jackeline Vieira do Santos Laroca ◽  
Tatiane Andrea de Camargo ◽  
Camila Menezes Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Juliana Mendes Andrade de Souza ◽  
Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt São Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Nitrogen ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
Physicochemical Properties Of Soils

Application of poultry litter may lead to major changes in the structural and functional properties of soil. Understanding these alterations is crucial for assessing the effect of organic wastes on the soil quality and attributes. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of use of poultry litter on increased organic matter, microbiological activity and physicochemical properties of soils in the Brazilian Cerrado and identify a group of expressive indicators of changes for the assessed attributes. The research was conducted in Fazenda Alvorada, a farm located in Portelândia/GO (Brazil), consisting of the following accumulated doses of turkey litter: T0 (without application); T1 (26.32 Mg ha-1); T2 (43.15 Mg ha-1); T3 (57.6 Mg ha-1). The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks and four replications. Sequential applications of poultry litter provide increases in the variables related to organic matter, mainly in particulate nitrogen and total nitrogen stocks. Applications of lower doses resulted in increases of microbial biomass carbon and microbial quotient. Concerning soil physicochemical properties, available phosphorus, the sum of bases and base saturation were the variables that exhibited the most significant changes with increased doses of poultry litter. The metabolic quotient was the most expressive indicator to represent soil alterations resulting from application of poultry litter.

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