scholarly journals Diet composition of abundant fish species in the shallow waters of the Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e52230
Author(s):  
Rafael Lima Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo Evangelista Moraes ◽  
Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Ecological Importance

Coastal habitats have great ecological importance with estuarine environments providing feeding sites for many fish species, especially during juvenile life stages. This study investigates the diet composition and trophic guild organization of the common and abundant ichthyofauna in shallow areas of the Todos os Santos Bay (TSB), Bahia, Brazil, and their relationships with environmental parameters. Six fish sampling campaigns were carried out in the shallow zones (infralittoral) of the Paraguaçu River estuary which encompasses the inner and outer (marine exposure) reaches of the TSB. The stomach contents of 1231 individuals belonging to common and abundant species were examined. A total of 32 food items were identified and fish were into four trophic guilds: detritivores, zoobenthivores I, zoobenthivores II, and zooplanktivores. The relationship between the guilds and environmental parameters showed that zoobenthivores II and zooplanktivores guilds had a positive relationship with salinity and pH, explaining 86% of data variability, though only the salinity variable was significant. This study provides basic information about the diet composition of common and abundant species in the TSB and their organization into trophic guilds. In addition, demonstrates that shallow waters fish across all guilds have broadly similar diets, comprising food items that are usually associated with bottom waters.

scholarly journals Ecomorphology and food habits of teleost fishes Trachinotus carolinus (Teleostei: Carangidae) and Menticirrhus littoralis (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), inhabiting the surf zone off Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (spe4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Prestrelo Palmeira ◽  
Cassiano Monteiro-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Class I ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Food Items

The ecomorphology and food habits of juvenile Trachinotus carolinus and Menticirrhus littoralis caught in the surf zone of sandy beaches in Niterói, RJ, were investigated between July 2006 and May 2007. These fish species differ morphologically, but present similarities in their diet composition suggest some slight overlapping in their diet. The importance of food items was assessed using Kawakami and Vazzoler's feeding index. Morphometric variables were recorded to correlate with the diet composition of the different size classes for each species. A total of 210 fishes (Trachinotus carolinus - 122, Menticirrhus littoralis - 88), ranging between 24.2 mm and 112 mm total length, were analyzed, but the stomachs of only 84.8% of them contained food. Trachinotus carolinus presented mysids, Polychaetes and Emerita spp. as the predominant items in their diet. Formicidae and Isopoda were the most important items for class I individuals, whereas mysids and Emerita spp. were important for classes II and III. Class I individuals also showed smaller sized prey (amphipods and isopods) and clupeid fish larvae in their diet. Emerita spp. dominated the food items of Menticirrhus littoralis regardless of the size class. Polychaetes, the second most important item was better represented in class sizes II and III. The main morphometric variable correlated with such differences included mouth position and diameter of the eye.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF MYSIDS AS A FOOD ITEM IN THE DIET OF FISH, NEW ZEALAND

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
N. N. Punchihewa
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Gut Content Analysis ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Isotopic Study ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Ecological Importance

The main objective of this study is to determine the ecological importance of mysids as a food item of selected fish species using C and N isotopes (stable isotopic study) and gut content analysis of fish. Fish samples (Galaxias maculates and Athrinidae sp.) and mysid samples (Tenagomysis chiltoni and T. novaezealandiae) were collected from Kakamatua Stream situated on the west coast of Auckland region in late January 2009 (summer). All the collected samples were oven-dried, and then ground to obtain a homogeneous powder. Three replicates of each sample were prepared. Samples were processed by the Waikato Stable Isotope Unit (Scientific/20). For gut content analysis, ten specimens of each fish species, G. maculates and Athrinidae sp. were collected and were fixed in 5% formalin immediately. These fish specimens were dissected out and the stomach contents were mixed in a beaker with 10 ml water. After mixing, the contents were examined under the light microscope fitted with an eye piece micrometer. It is evident from both methods that two mysid species T. chiltoni and T. novaezealandiae form a substantial component of the diet of commercially important G. maculates, at Kakamatua stream. Changes in the diet, during the ontogenetic development, in relation to body size have shown a significant enrichment of ?15N values and ?13C values of T. chiltoni and G. maculates.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 35-41

scholarly journals Diversity of ants and mites in the diet of the Brazilian frog Chiasmocleis leucosticta (Anura: Microhylidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana S. Lopes ◽  
Ricardo S. Bovendorp ◽  
Gilberto José de Moraes ◽  
Alexandre Reis Percequillo ◽  
Jaime Bertoluci
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Prey Category ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract We describe here the diet of the microhylid frog Chiasmocleis leucosticta based on the stomach contents of 72 individuals (47 males and 25 females) collected in pitfall traps at the Reserva Florestal de Morro Grande, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. We identified 1,981 food items distributed in 13 prey categories of arthropods, mainly ants, mites and collembolans. Formicidae was the most abundant and frequent prey category, including 16 genera from seven subfamilies, and data on ant availability in the habitat suggest that C. leucosticta selects ants actively. The second main prey category was Acari, predominantly represented by mites of the suborder Oribatida. This is the first work identifying mites to the family level in the diet of a Microhylidae. There was no statistical difference between males and females regarding diet composition.

Diets and trophic guilds of demersal fishes of the south-eastern Australian shelf

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bulman ◽  
F. Althaus ◽  
X. He ◽  
N. J. Bax ◽  
A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
The South ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Total Fish ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Commercially Important

A total of 8200 stomach samples was collected from 102 fish species caught by trawl or gillnet during research surveys on the south-eastern Australian shelf from 1993 to 1996. Diet compositions were analysed based on percentages of wet weight of prey. Of the total fish examined, 70 species had sufficient stomach samples (i.e. >10) for further analysis. Ten trophic guilds were identified from cluster analysis. Benthic prey dominated the diets. However, analysis on a subset of 28 abundant species that were commercially and ecologically important, showed that pelagic prey was dominant, particularly for 12 quota species. This suggests that pelagic production contributes significantly to the trawl fishery production. Further analysis on the diets of these 28 species found that although fish was more important than invertebrate prey, there was no evidence of significant predation on commercially important species (quota species)by other fish species. A food web diagram was constructed, mostly based on the diet compositions, guild structure and relative abundance of commercially and ecologically important fish species, to show major trophic interactions of the shelf ecosystem.

scholarly journals Diet of two syntopic species of Crenuchidae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) in an Amazonian rocky stream

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Fernandes ◽  
Rafael Pereira Leitão ◽  
Eurizângela Pereira Dary ◽  
Ana Isabel Camacho Guerreiro ◽  
Jansen Zuanon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Diet Overlap ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Feeding Plasticity

Abstract This study assessed the diet of two poorly known syntopic fish species of the family Crenuchidae, Characidium aff. declivirostre and Leptocharacidium omospilus, in a Presidente Figueiredo´ rocky stream, Amazonas, Brazil. The stomach contents were analyzed and their Frequency of Occurrence (FO %) and Relative Volume (Vol %) were combined in a Feeding Index (IAi). We examined 20 individuals of C. aff. declivirostre and 23 of L. omospilus. The Morisita-Horn Index was used to estimate the overlap between the diets of these species. Immature insects were the most valuable items consumed by both fish species. The diet of C. aff. declivirostre was mainly composed of larvae and pupae of Chironomidae, while L. omospilus predominantly consumed larvae of Hydroptilidae, Hydropyschidae and Pyralidae. Thus, both species were classified as autochthonous insectivorous. Characidium aff. declivirostre was considered a more specialized species, probably reflecting lower feeding plasticity or the use of more restricted microhabitats compared to L. omospilus. When the food items were analyzed at the family taxonomic level, the diet overlap between these species was considered moderate (Morisita-Horn Index = 0.4). However, a more thorough analysis, at the genus level, indicates a very low diet overlap. Therefore, we conclude that the feeding segregation between C. aff. declivirostre and L. omospilus may favor their co-existence, despite their high phylogenetic closeness.

scholarly journals Diet and feeding of fish from Grande River, located below the Volta Grande Reservoir, MG-SP

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Andrade ◽  
F. M. S. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Classic Model ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Pimelodus Maculatus

We compare the classic model of feeding of tropical fish by means of six bimonthly samplings using gillnets of varying mesh sizes that were inspected every twelve hours throughout a forty-eight hour period. The stomachs of the fish caught were classified in three categories according to quantity of food found. The amount of fat in the visceral cavity with respect to the energetic reserve deposition was also studied. The relative frequencies of the different categories of stomach repletion and fat deposition were examined for patterns of feeding seasonality. The stomachs considered full were examined to record diet composition. To assess the relative importance of the different food resources, we applied Feeding Importance Degree (FID), which is a useful index when difficulties exist in determining a common basis for volume, number, or weight of a given food item in different species, a common problem when dealing with fish species having different feeding habits. The fish species whose stomach contents were analyzed using the FID index were Serrasalmus spilopleura (Characidae), L. prolixa (Loricaridae), Schizodon nasutus (Anostomidae), and Pimelodus maculatus (Pimelodidae). Our findings indicate some contrasting elements , in dietary composition in relation to the classic model for tropical rivers. These factors include the importance of aquatic macrophytes, the lack of piscivorous species, and a lesser presence of allochthonous vegetation in the diet of the species studied.

scholarly journals Natural diet and feeding habits of a freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium carcinus: Crustacea, Decapoda) in the estuary of the Amazon River

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jô de Farias Lima ◽  
Jamile da Silva Garcia ◽  
Thibério Carvalho da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Stomach Analysis

Macrobrachium carcinus is a Brazilian native prawn with recognized potential for use in aquaculture activities. However, there is little information about the natural diet and feeding habits of this species. The aim of this study was the identification of the diet items of M. carcinus based on the analysis of the stomach contents. Specimens were collected in the Amazon River estuary between January 2009 and January 2010. The stomach analysis was carried out by using the frequency of occurrence (FO), methods of points (MP) and feeding index (FI). It was observed that prawns fed on detritus, animals and plant fragments as the most important food items. Sediment accounted for the main stomach content, accounting for 43.2% by the MP, 44.9% by FI and 100% by the FO. Sexual differences in feeding preferences were not found in this study, and seasonal differences in the frequency of items ingested by M. carcinus were not observed. The results indicated that M. carcinus can be considered omnivorous species, but with an important carnivorous component, similar to that found in other Macrobrachium species.

scholarly journals Gut content analysis confirms the feeding plasticity of a generalist fish species in a tropical river

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor David Costa ◽  
Ronaldo Angelini
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Level ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
South American ◽  
Tropical River ◽  
Small Pelagic Fish ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Feeding Plasticity

Abstract Aim In this paper, we compared the diet composition of the South American silver croaker, Plasgioscion squamosissimus in preserved and impacted areas (agrarian land use) of an Amazonian river. Our objective was to quantify the plasticity in diet across different habitats and evaluate the importance of a carnivorous generalist species as an environmental indicator based on its feeding variation. Methods We analysed the stomach contents of 135 individuals and compared the trophic level of P. squamosissimus and the source of ingested food items in the impacted and non-impacted habitats. Results The trophic level values in both areas were similar. In both areas, P. squamosissimus used a wide variety of food items, consuming mainly fish and invertebrates of autochthonous origin. However, in terms of composition of food items, small pelagic fish and autochthonous items were more frequently consumed in the preserved area, while in the impacted area fish and benthic invertebrates were predominant in the diet. Conclusions Our gut analysis suggests plasticity in P. squamosissimus diet across varying areas, which point to the ability of P. squamosissimus to modify their diet in the impacted situation, utilizing more benthic material on impacted area in order to maintain a similar trophic position.

scholarly journals Survey of fish species from the Lower Roosevelt River, Southwestern Amazon basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rodrigues dos Anjos ◽  
Nadja Gomes Machado ◽  
Mizael Andrade Pedersoli ◽  
Nátia Regina Braga Pedersoli ◽  
Bruno Stefany Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
River Water ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Sampling Points

Abstract: This study presents an inventory of the ichthyofauna of the lower Roosevelt River sub-basin and its associated tributaries. Fish sampling with fishing nets and measurements of environmental parameters of water occurred in November/2012 (rising water), February/2013 (flooding), May/2013 (falling water) and August/2013 (drought). Depth mean was 8.86 m, water transparency was 0.6 m, conductivity was 22.7 µS.cm-1, pH was 6.59, dissolved oxygen was 7.63 mg.l-1 and temperature was 28°C. The total estimated capture area was 68,829.6 m2 during 2,880 hours. The catch per unit Effort (CPUE) was 0.37 individuals m-2.day-1. Species were spatially aggregated in all sampling points and river water levels. A total of 5,183 individuals distributed in 7 orders, 29 families, 104 genders and 188 species were sampled in this survey. The diversity index was 4.121 and equitability index was 0.789. The Characiforms order was the most abundant with 106 species, followed by Siluriforms with 63 species and Cichliforms with 23 species. The most abundant species was Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766) with 327 individuals (5.9%), followed by Chalceus epakros (Cope, 1870) with 309 individuals (5.6%) and Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Schomburgk, 1841) with 250 individuals (4.5%). Trophicity was characterized by omnivorous (28.6%), piscivorous (14.3%), carnivorous (13.8%) and detritivorous (12.8%). According to IBAMA's regulation, 29.25% of captured species presents ornamental potential.

scholarly journals Diet of a rare Canadian fish species, Carmine Shiner (Notropis percobromus) in the Birch River, Manitoba, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Eva C. Enders ◽  
Tharshinidevy Nagalingam ◽  
Amanda L. Caskenette ◽  
Tyana A. Rudolfsen ◽  
Colin Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Species At Risk Act

Due to its restricted occurrence and existing threats, Carmine Shiner (Notropis percobromus) has been listed as threatened under the Canadian Species at Risk Act. Little is known about Carmine Shiner biology, and understanding its diet composition will help inform future conservation actions. Consequently, the aim of this study was to analyze the diet of Carmine Shiner. Fish were caught throughout the open water season using beach seines, and stomach contents were analyzed. Carmine Shiner feed on a variety of terrestrial and aquatic insects. Diets did not differ substantially between year classes, and we observed no clear temporal trends in diet composition.

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