scholarly journals Growth and proximate composition of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on green bocaiuva pulp substrates with different nitrogen sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e56198
Author(s):  
Aline Janaina Giunco ◽  
Marcelo Fossa da Paz ◽  
Gustavo Graciano Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Sources

The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth and the proximate composition of the mycelium-based bocaiuva pulp with the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on green bocaiuva flour added with different sources of nitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate and sulfate ammonia). Growth was monitored by kinectics. At the end, the proximate composition of the best three treatments (dehydrated green bocaiuva pulp and water, T1; dehydrated green bocaiuva pulp and ammonium nitrate, T3; and green bocaiuva pulp/wheat bran and ammonium nitrate, T7) was determined. Ammonium nitrate was the nitrogen source that showed the greatest growth in both substrates (T3:8.33 cm and T7:7.67 cm) in relation to the other treatments (4.67 to 7.17 cm), with emphasis on the green bocaiuva pulp. The substrate with green bocaiuva pulp and water was the one that showed the highest growth (7.50 cm), which was close to the treatment with mixed substrate and ammonium nitrate (7.67 cm). The treatment with the green bocaiuva pulp and ammonium nitrate (T3) was highlighted due to its significant increase in proteins (9.42 g 100 g-1) and fibers (5.21 g 100 g-1), and decrease in carbohydrates (9.52 g 100 g-1), in comparison to the other treatments T7 (8.94, 2.16, and 5.99 g 100 g-1, respectively) and T1 (2.78, 4.33, and 2.28 g 100 g-1, respectively). The product obtained from the growth of P. ostreatus in green bocaiuva pulp presents promising perspectives to be utilized as raw material for the development of new food products with added nutritional value.

scholarly journals Avaliação dos Componentes de Rendimento do Trigo quando Submetido a Diferentes Fontes de Nitrogênio

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Da Silveira Camponogara ◽  
Gislayne Alves Oliveira ◽  
Jordana Georgin ◽  
Ana Lúcia Denardin da Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Different Sources

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of applying different nitrogen sources in the states of booting and silking on yield components and the wheat crop productivity (Triticum aestivum L., Quartz - OR Seeds). The experiment was conducted in Frederico Westphalen-RS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of different sources and forms of N application that follow: T1 - control (no N), T2 - Fertilization base + urea, T3 - Basic fertilization + ammonium nitrate, T4 - Fertilizing base + urea + foliar nitrogen, T5 - Basic fertilization + ammonium nitrate + foliar nitrogen, T6 - Basic fertilization + foliar nitrogen, T7 - Basic fertilization + urea + ammonium nitrate and T8 - Basic fertilization + ammonium nitrate + urea. The ammonium nitrate application associated with the supplemental foliar N resulted in an increase in grain yield of 51.5% over the control to the control. Other income components also obtained average with significant magnitudes verified by Duncan test at 5% error probability.

scholarly journals Possibilities of the Development of Edible Insect-Based Foods in Europe

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Magdalena Skotnicka ◽  
Kaja Karwowska ◽  
Filip Kłobukowski ◽  
Aleksandra Borkowska ◽  
Magdalena Pieszko
Keyword(s):  
Material Processing ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

All over the world, a large proportion of the population consume insects as part of their diet. In Western countries, however, the consumption of insects is perceived as a negative phenomenon. The consumption of insects worldwide can be considered in two ways: on the one hand, as a source of protein in countries affected by hunger, while, on the other, as an alternative protein in highly-developed regions, in response to the need for implementing policies of sustainable development. This review focused on both the regulations concerning the production and marketing of insects in Europe and the characteristics of edible insects that are most likely to establish a presence on the European market. The paper indicates numerous advantages of the consumption of insects, not only as a valuable source of protein but also as a raw material rich in valuable fatty acids, vitamins, and mineral salts. Attention was paid to the functional properties of proteins derived from insects, and to the possibility for using them in the production of functional food. The study also addresses the hazards which undoubtedly contribute to the mistrust and lowered acceptance of European consumers and points to the potential gaps in the knowledge concerning the breeding conditions, raw material processing and health safety. This set of analyzed data allows us to look optimistically at the possibilities for the development of edible insect-based foods, particularly in Europe.

scholarly journals Heritage Building Stones from Évora, Portugal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Ancient Rock ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

<p>The city of Évora, a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO in 1986, also owes this recognition to the stones that built its monuments and preserve them until today.</p><p>This work brings together the contributions that we have gathered over the past three decades and allow us to have a very complete idea, not only about the materials used in the hundreds of monuments and historic buildings but also about their provenance. If some materials are so emblematic that they allow an immediate identification with the naked eye, others needed more sophisticated and precise techniques so that there was no doubt about their origin.</p><p>The igneous rocks and gneisses of granite composition are part of the “Massif of Évora” on which the city is built. Thus, and quite naturally they are by far the most represented group in monuments from all historical periods. Its function is essentially structural, but there are also functional, ornamental and decorative objects. For example, the oldest megalithic structures found in the vicinity of the city are made up of large granite blocks that often had to be transported to their locations.</p><p>On the other hand, many gargoyles and statues that decorate the churches are also made up of these granite rocks. On these, the natural erosion of centuries of exposure to the environment has led to a state of alteration, sometimes very accentuated, which would justify its replacement by replicas sculpted in similar rocks. Provenance studies have made it possible to identify old quarries in the vicinity of the city where, on the one hand, the ancient rock extraction techniques can be observed and on the other hand, they allow the obtaining of the raw material necessary for these restoration and conservation works. In any case, they are places that need to be inventoried and protected, with the municipality already aware of their existence.</p><p>As well as the monuments of the Roman Period, also the structures of the Medieval Period, such as the city walls, the Cathedral (started to be built in 1186 AD) and all the great churches, were also built with these granitoids.</p><p>In addition to these rocks, many others of multiple varieties and origins are present. The marbles, especially the Estremoz Marbles (Global Heritage Stone Resource), are ubiquitous in the city, but there are also emblematic marbles from other places, some easily identifiable (ie Viana do Alentejo, Escoural, Trigaches, Serpa and Vila Verde de Ficalho, for presenting mineralogy, textures, colors and patterns which, together with more recent analytical techniques, have confirmed its provenance.</p><p>Sedimentary rocks, with emphasis on Portuguese Mesozoic limestones, ie Lioz - GHSR and Brecha da Arrábida - GHSR candidate, among others more rare and with very specific use in ornamental details, are also present and contribute to enrich a heritage in stone that makes this city so special and very popular with tourists of all nationalities.</p><p>Acknowledgments: the authors thank to FCT for funding the ICT (UID/GEO/04683/2019), as well as COMPETE POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007690.</p>

scholarly journals PLASTICS MADE FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES – POTENTIAL AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURE OF THE THIRD MILLENIUM

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cioica ◽  
C. Cota ◽  
Mihaela Nagy ◽  
G. Fodorean
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The One ◽  
Agricultural Materials

Bioplastics constitute a great opportunity for agriculture, industry and environment. On the one hand, the basic raw material used to fabricate bioplastics is made from renewable agricultural materials, on the other hand, bioplastics have a wide application as packaging and protections in the food and non-food industry as catering products as protection films and foils and as compostable items in agriculture. Also very important is that after achieving the purpose for which they are produced, bioplastics become waste and their cycle is closed as they can be used as compost for agriculture.

scholarly journals THE METHODOLOGY FOR SINGLING OUT VESSELS MADE BY ONE CRAFTSMAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 328-342
Author(s):  
Е. В. Волкова
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Similar Model ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Stable Element ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Статья посвящена новым, дополнительным критериям выделения посуды одного мастера. Экспериментально было доказано, что тулово сосуда - наиболее устойчивая его часть. А из его параметров наиболее устойчивым оказался максимальный диаметр. Используя два параметра тулова: его общую пропорциональность и максимальный диаметр, автор выделил из всей посуды Волосово-Даниловского могильника посуду, сделанную по одной и той же форме-модели. Сопоставление сосудов, сделанных по одной форме-модели, с одинаковыми исходным сырьем, составом формовочной массы сосудов и составом шамота в ней позволило выделить посуду одного мастера. Таким образом, предложен еще один критерий для выделения посуды одного мастера: близкие формы-модели, с помощью которых лепились сосуды. Разработанная автором методика выделения посуды гончаров-левшей, с одной стороны, подтвердила правильность методики анализа форм сосудов, а с другой - позволила выявить большее число разных гончаров, посуда которых сопровождала погребенных в могильнике индивидов. The paper is dedicated to new, additional criteria for singling out vessels made by one craftsman. It has been proven experimentally that the vessel body is the most stable element. Regarding its characteristics, the maximum diameter turned out to be the most stable. Using two characteristics of the body, i.e. its proportions and its maximum diameter, the author selected vessels made with the use of the same model shape among all vessels coming from the Volosovo-Danilovo burial ground. Comparison of the vessels made with the use of the same model shape, the same raw material, the same composition of clay paste and proportion of grog in it provided an opportunity to single out vessels made by one craftsman. Therefore, one more criterion for singling out vessels made by the same craftsman is proposed, i.e. a similar model shape used in making vessels. The methodology for identifying left-handed potters developed by the author, on the one hand, confirmed that the methodology of analyzing vessels shape was correct and, on the other hand, made it possible to identify a greater number of various potters whose vessels were placed into the graves as funerary offerings.

Monstrous Masses: The Human Body as Raw Material

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marmysz
Keyword(s):  
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporeal Nature ◽  
Key Characters

This chapter examines The Human Centipede, Nymphomaniac, and Videodrome; films that push the boundaries of human objectification. The chapter draws on the works of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Jean-Paul Sartre, highlighting an ontological distinction between being “in-itself” and being “for-itself.” It is argued that though the objectification of key characters in these films, on the one hand, promotes a sort of nihilistic reduction of humans to meaningless bodies in motion, on the other hand, this same reduction potentially provokes a sense of sympathy in viewers who are also embodied, and thus can see their own condition reflected in the experiences of the characters who suffer on screen. Depictions of others as meaningless matter remind audiences of their own corporeal nature (being in-itself), disgusting, titillating, and amusing them, but also potentially moving them to empathize with the consciousnesses presumed by analogy with themselves to exist within the bodies depicted on screen (being for-itself).

Town and Steppe in Ottoman Syria: Hostility, Exploitation and Cooperation in the Late Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Der Islam ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The One ◽  
Urban People ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractLate-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century sources from the Homs and Hama region in Ottoman Syria present contrasting portrayals of Bedouins. Taken together, these sources offer conflicting perspectives with respect to relationships between peoples of the towns and the steppe. On the one hand, literary sources typically portray Bedouins as antitheses of urban life, as savage wanderers who lived outside the norms of propriety and who collectively posed a threat to the wellbeing and property of settled people and of travelers. But on the other hand, legal sources portray Bedouins variously as targets of exploitation or taxation by urban-based governments; or as partners with urban people in contractual undertakings; or as imperial subjects who, like any others, would seek justice in the urban Sharīʿa courts. The article explores these differing characterizations, and seeks to explain the multifarious realities that different sources convey. It concludes by suggesting that relationships between town and steppe were on their way to becoming more institutionalized in the last years of the eighteenth century. This development foreshadowed documented nineteenth-century trends in which urban civil norms and institutions became noticeable in the lives of Bedouins who lived in proximity to towns and urban centers.

Estimation of Field Populations of Cyst forming Nematodes of the GenusHeterodera

1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Factual Data ◽  
Types Of Error

Despite many recent advances in the study of nematicides and in the breeding of resistant strains of plants, control of cyst forming nematodes is still best accomplished by crop rotation; to be fully effective, it is also desirable that a field in which it is proposed to grow a susceptible crop should be sampled and an estimate made of the population of nematodes present: such an estimate is susceptible to different sources of error and although it is possible to decrease the magnitude of these errors a compromise has to be reached between the conflicting claims of precision on the one hand and the expenditure of man-power on the other; it is desirable that this compromise be based on factual data rather than guesswork; good estimates of the order of magnitude of the different types of error are therefore desirable.

scholarly journals Typology of Medium-Sized Cities in Spain Using PCA (Principal Component Analysis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2456
Author(s):  
Francisco Cebrián-Abellán ◽  
María-Jesús González-González ◽  
María-Eva Vallejo-Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Sources

This article analyses processes of change undergone by Spanish medium-sized cities during 1981–2011 on the one hand, and 2000–2018 on the other, as they are different sources. We established a classification to show the importance of this type of city starting from the hypothesis that the process is a generalised one in which they behave according to their position in the territory. The dynamics of change are predominantly associated with contexts of economic expansion. The typology was generated based on population and housing variables, which synthesise the role played by economic activity in each city. Additional methodologies were used: firstly, the bibliography on medium-sized cities in different social and cultural contexts was reviewed; secondly, statistical data were selected, compiled and processed using multivariant statistical analyses, and the results mapped. A study of 133 cities was carried out and absolute values and variation rates used to understand the processes of change. As a result, seven representative groups were obtained. The conclusions of the study can be corroborated by different sources.

Senses of an Ending

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Éva Bús
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Narrative Fiction ◽  
Temporal Experience ◽  
Trojan War ◽  
Narrative Perspective ◽  
Linguistic Level ◽  
Writer’S Block ◽  
The One

It is possible to read Peter Carey’s short story, Concerning the Greek Tyrant, as an adaptation of one of the first grand achievements of the occidental storytelling tradition: The Iliad. When creating one of his “what–if” 1 stories from the raw material of the various myths of the Trojan War, Carey turns the Homeric story on its head, simultaneously challenging concepts central to the latest theories of narrative fiction, such as the question of narrative sequence, shifts in the narrative perspective, the representation of temporal experience, and the technique of metanarrative. When uprooting the myth of the Trojan war from the “lost order of time” and making it a story of “the here and now”, 2 Carey joins an almost three-thousand-year-long tradition while breaking away from it simultaneously. The paper aims to examine a manifest duality of the textual actions 3 in Concerning the Greek Tyrant. Its historical plot 4 appears to be a realistic adaptation of a few of the closing events of the war as reconstructed from a variety of sources on the one hand, and a narrative of how Homer suffers from writer’s block on the other. On the linguistic level of narration, however, the text is permeated by irony, a mastertrope (Burke 1945) whose dialectic nature further enhances the aforementioned duality, and helps the various dimensions of the text reflect and comment on each other.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document