Emergency Evacuation from a Multi-Room Compartment

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 2570-2577
Author(s):  
Jun Feng Liu ◽  
Wei Feng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Ca Model

An extensive cellular automaton (CA) model is proposed to simulate the evacuation from a large multi-room compartment. To determine the movement direction, it is assumed that two factors, viz. spatial distance and occupant density, are considered by each occupant. To conduct more reasonable simulation, psychological inertia of human beings is also taken into account in modeling. Numerical results show that the proposed CA model is robust and the model can be applied in the assessment of fire safety.

Modelling of the Human Behavior in Evacuation

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2663-2666
Author(s):  
Lan Wei ◽  
Chao Yang Zhao ◽  
Wei Feng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Numerical Test ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Fire Safety Design ◽  
In Fire

Emergency evacuation is an important issue in fire safety. In this study, a cellular automaton (CA) model in which the human behaviour termed ‘flow with the stream’ is considered is proposed to simulate the procedure of emergency evacuation. Based on the CA model, the influence of the number of guiders to the evacuation from a large compartment is analyzed through numerical test. The result shows that the proposed CA model is a promising tool that may be used in fire safety design.

Simulating Crime Events and Crime Patterns in a RA/CA Model

2005 ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Xuguang Wang ◽  
John Eck ◽  
Jun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Crime Patterns ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Experimental Runs

This chapter presents an innovative approach for simulating crime events and crime patterns. The theoretical basis of the crime simulation model is routine activities (RA) theory. Offenders, targets and crime places, the three basic elements of routine activities, are modeled as individual agents. The properties and behaviors of these agents change in space and time. The interactions of these three types of agents are modeled in a cellular automaton (CA). Tension, measuring the psychological impact of crime events to human beings, is the state variable of the CA. The model, after being calibrated by using a real crime data set in Cincinnati, is able to generate crime patterns similar to real patterns. Results from experimental runs of the model conform to known criminology theories. This type of RA/CA simulation model has the potential of being used to test new criminology theories and hypotheses.

scholarly journals Cellular Automaton Modeling of Phase Transformation of U-Nb Alloys during Solidification and Consequent Cooling Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2019) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfu Tang ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Bin Su ◽  
Xiaopeng Zhang ◽  
Hongzhang Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Dendrite Morphology ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Measuring Experiment ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Cast Microstructure

AbstractThe microstructure evolution of U-Nb alloys during solidification and consequent cooling process was simulated using a cellular automaton (CA) model. By using this model, ϒ phase precipitation and monotectoid decomposition were simulated, and dendrite morphology of ϒ phase, Nb microsegregation and kinetics of monotectoid decomposition were obtained. To validate the model, an ingot of U-5.5Nb (wt.%) was produced and temperature measuring experiment was carried out. As-cast microstructure at different position taken from the ingot was investigated by using optical microscope and SEM. The effect of cooling rate on ϒ phase precipitation and monotectoid decomposition of U-Nb alloys was also studied. The simulated results were compared with the experimental results and the capability of the model for quantitatively predicting the microstructure evolution of U-Nb alloys during solidification and consequent cooling process was assessed.

Cellular Automaton Modeling Driver Behavior at a Single-Lane Roundabout

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 1035-1038
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Yu ◽  
Ming Zhe Liu ◽  
Jian Bo Yang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Zhe Li
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Gaussian Distributions ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Truncated Gaussian

In this paper a cellular automata model is proposed to describe driver behavior at a single-lane roundabout. Two truncated Gaussian distributions are used to model heterogeneous and inconsistent driver behavior. Numerical results show that our method is feasible and valid.

A Cellular Automaton Model and its Application on Emotional Infections

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Taide Tan ◽  
Changxiong Qin ◽  
Jing Fan
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Reaction Process ◽  
Probabilistic Theory ◽  
Ca Model

Emotional contagion has been a focus problem in the current fields of psychology and organizational behavior. Based on the theoretical analysis of the emotional contagion mechanisms and probabilistic theory, a cellular automaton (CA) model has been proposed to simulate the process of emotional contagion. And with the help of this CA model, we study the gross features of employees’ positive emotions in the evolution of emotional contagion and explore the effects of employees’ ability to transport emotion susceptibility and intimacy on the reaction process. The results indicate that employees’ ability to transport positive emotion susceptibility and intimacy are positive related to the emotional contagion between employees.

A cellular automaton simulation of W–Ni alloy solidification in laser solid forming process

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750016
Author(s):  
Haiou Yang ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Xin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Laser Remelting ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Microstructure Simulation ◽  
Melt Pool ◽  
Laser Solid Forming ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Metallurgy Process

An alloy cellular automaton (CA) model is developed for the microstructure simulation in directional solidification and laser solid forming (LSF) process. The CA model's capture rule was modified by a limited neighbor solid fraction (LNSF) method. A multiscale two-dimensional model is presented for simulating laser remelting process, which is the same as LSF without the addition of metallic powders into melt pool. The metallurgy process in melt pool was simulated, including temperature distribution, pool shape and solidification of microstructure. The microstructure evolution of tungsten–nickel alloy (W–Ni) during LSF is also simulated by present CA model.

Adequacy of Safe Egress Design Codes for Supertall Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-580
Author(s):  
Edgar C. L. Pang ◽  
◽  
Wan-Ki Chow
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Normal Heights ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Emergency evacuation for supertall buildings with heights over 200 m require a very long time for occupants to travel down the buildings. Occupants might jam into protected lobbies and staircases, extending the waiting time. There is not yet any code requirement specifically for emergency evacuation in supertall buildings, which are criticized for using the same codes for buildings with normal heights. Further, the evacuation design for several existing supertall buildings does not even follow prescriptive fire-safety codes. The underlying problems have not yet been addressed by thorough studies. Evacuation in such tall buildings in Hong Kong will be studied in this paper. The assumptions made in the local prescriptive codes for safe egress will be justified. Three buildings with evacuation design complying with the local codes are considered as examples. A commercial building, a hotel, and a residential block in Hong Kong are taken as examples. The key design parameters in the local codes are for 40 people evacuating with a flow rate of 1.1 person/s through the staircase between typical floors. The evacuation time from each floor to the protected lobby is assumed to be within 5 min. The evacuation times in different scenarios with these assumptions are calculated. Such assumptions do not hold under a high occupant load. The total evacuation time would be extended significantly when the travelling flows of occupants are blocked in any of the evacuation routes. Different fire-safety management schemes with staged evacuation, such as assigning higher priorities to evacuate lower or upper floors first, are evaluated. The results observed for safe egress are then discussed.

A NEW CELLULAR AUTOMATON MODEL FOR TRAFFIC FLOW WITH DIFFERENT PROBABILITY FOR DRIVERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. ZHU ◽  
H. X. GE ◽  
S. Q. DAI
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Metastable State ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Spontaneous Formation ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Ca Model

Based on the Nagel–Schreckenberg (NaSch) model of traffic flow, a new cellular automaton (CA) traffic model is proposed to simulate microscopic traffic flow. The probability p is a variable which contains a randomly selected term for each individual driver and a density-dependent term which is the same for all drivers. When the rational probability p is obtained, the larger value of maximum flow which is close to the observed data can be reached compared with that obtained from the NaSch model. The fundamental diagram obtained by simulation shows the ability of this modified CA model to capture the essential features of traffic flow, e.g., the spontaneous formation of traffic jams and appearance of the metastable state. These indicate that the presented model is more reasonable and realistic.

Cellular Automaton Simulation of Microstructure Evolution for Friction Stir Blind Riveting

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avik Samanta ◽  
Ninggang Shen ◽  
Haipeng Ji ◽  
Weiming Wang ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Dislocation Dynamics ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Ca Model

Friction stir blind riveting (FSBR) process offers the ability to create highly efficient joints for lightweight metal alloys. During the process, a distinctive gradient microstructure can be generated for the work material near the rivet hole surface due to high-gradient plastic deformation and friction. In this work, discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (dDRX) is found to be the major recrystallization mechanism of aluminum alloy 6111 undergoing FSBR. A cellular automaton (CA) model is developed for the first time to simulate the evolution of microstructure of workpiece material during the dynamic FSBR process by incorporating main microstructure evolution mechanisms, including dislocation dynamics during severe plastic deformation, dynamic recovery, dDRX, and subsequent grain growth. Complex thermomechanical loading conditions during FSBR are obtained using a mesh-free Lagrangian particle-based smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, and are applied in the CA model to predict the microstructure evolution near the rivet hole. The simulation results in grain structure agree well with the experiments, which indicates that the important characteristics of microstructure evolution during the FSBR process are well captured by the CA model. This study presents a novel numerical approach to model and simulate microstructure evolution undergoing severe plastic deformation processes.

INFORMATION-BASED EVACUATION EXPERIMENT AND ITS CELLULAR AUTOMATON SIMULATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIZHONG YANG ◽  
SHAOBO LIU ◽  
JIAN LI ◽  
KONGJIN ZHU ◽  
TINGYONG FANG
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Static Information ◽  
Crowd Movement ◽  
Movement Simulation

The evacuation process under emergency is studied by means of experiments and simulations, focusing on the influence of the environment information. A revised cellular automaton model in which environment information is considered as "static information" (building structure, spatial distance, etc.) and "dynamic information" (sounds of fire alarm, etc.) is introduced. Two scenarios, including evacuation with and without visibility in a classroom, are studied to investigate the different influence of the two kinds of information on human behavior. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate that: (1) to intensify the spatial distance information can reduce the evacuation time; (2) the spatial distance is not the only decisive factor especially in evacuation without visibility because the sound information, which is ignorable in evacuation with visibility, is playing a more important role under this condition; (3) the intensity of static information can reflect evacuees' familiarity of the environment; (4) the model can reproduce the experiments well, and the simulation method is useful for further study of the crowd movement simulation.

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