Research on the Crashworthiness of Neotype Flexible Safety Fence

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 1689-1692
Author(s):  
Zheng Bao Lei ◽  
Li Hong Li ◽  
Mu Xi Lei ◽  
Chen Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
Analysis Computer ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fence Methods

In order to identify the crashworthiness of neotype flexible safety fence, methods was created by conducting FEA (finite element analysis) computer simulation and full-scale impact test based on the current available evaluation standard. Above all, the model of “vehicle-guardrail” was set up based on virtual proving ground (VPG) pretreatment software, the safety in the impact between vehicle and neotype flexible safety fence were studied from the aspects of the moving locus of vehicle, the acceleration of vehicle and the maximum lateral displacement of guardrail etc. Secondly, full-scale impact test was conducted for the guidance quality of guardrail to the tested vehicle. The test results indicated that the neotype flexible safety fence was inconspicuous to the tested-car, which was basically the same to the simulation results, and the evaluation parameter of guardrail met the acceptance criteria.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization and the Use of Biostimulants on the Yield of Two Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) Cultivated for Grain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kapela ◽  
Anna Sikorska ◽  
Marek Niewęgłowski ◽  
Ewa Krasnodębska ◽  
Krystyna Zarzecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
The Impact

The field experiment was carried out in 2015–2017 on a family farm in Toczyski Czortki, in the Mazovia voivodeship in Poland. The experiment was set up in a split–split–plot system in three replications. The area of one plot was 30 m−2. The studied factors were: I—two maize varieties: PR38N86 (medium late hybrid cultivar 280 FAO), P8400 (medium early hybrid cultivar 240 FAO); II—four doses of nitrogen fertilization: 1. control object—without the use of nitrogen (0 kg N·ha−1), 2. nitrogen dose—80 kg N·ha−1 (applied once before sowing), 3. nitrogen dose—120 kg N·ha−1 (applied once before sowing), 4. nitrogen dose—160 kg N·ha−1 (applied once before sowing); III—four types of biostimulants used: 1. control object—without using a biostimulant, 2. Asahi®SL biostimulant: I term—four-leaf phase (BBCH 14) at a dose of 0.60 dm3∙ha−1, II term—eight-leaf phase (BBCH 18) at a dose of 0.60 dm3∙ha−1, 3. Improver® biostimulant: I term—four-leaf phase (BBCH 14) at a dose of 1.00 dm3∙ha−1, II term—eight-leaf phase (BBCH 18) at a dose of 0.60 dm3∙ha−1, 4. Zeal® biostimulant: I term—six-leaf phase (BBCH 16) at a dose of 2.00 dm3∙ha−1. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization and the use of biostimulants on the size and quality of yield of two varieties of maize grown for grain. Based on the conducted research, it was found that nitrogen doses influenced the amount of maize grain obtained. The highest yields were obtained using 120 kg N∙ha−1. Nitrogen doses significantly affected the studied maize yield components. The dose of 120 kg N∙ha−1 increased the number of grains in the cob, while the dose—160 kg N∙ha−1 exerted the best effect on obtaining the highest values of a thousand seeds. The biostimulants used in the experiment significantly affected the mass of one thousand seeds and the number of grains in the cob. In addition, Asahi®SL, Improver® and Zeal® biostimulants increased maize yield in each growing season studied.

EFFECT OF RELATIVE DENSITY AND VELOCITY TOWARDS DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF METAL FOAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Azman Y. ◽  
Juri S. ◽  
Hazran H. ◽  
NorHafiez M. N. ◽  
Dong R.
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Theoretical Prediction ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
The Impact

Dynamic response of ALPORAS aluminium foam has been investigated experimentally and numerically. The dynamic response is quantified by the force produced as the foam deforms as a function of time. Quasi-static tests are conducted to determine the quasi-static properties of the foam. In the impact test, the aluminium foams are fired towards a rigid load-cell and the force signals developed are recorded. Experimental dynamic stress is also compared with theoretical prediction using existing theory. Finite element model is constructed using LS-DYNA to simulate the impact test. Results from the experiment, finite element analysis and theoretical prediction are in acceptable agreement. Finally, parametric studies have been conducted using the verified model to investigate the effect of impact velocity and relative density towards the dynamic response of the foam projectile. It is found that the dynamic response of the foam is more sensitive towards impact velocity as compare with the foam relative density.

Design of the SAFER Emergency Gate Using LS-DYNA

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Bielenberg ◽  
John D. Rohde ◽  
John D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Impact Load ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gate Design

In recent years, NASCAR and the Indy Racing League have improved the safety of their racetracks through the installation of the Steel And Foam Energy Reduction barrier (SAFER). The new barrier consists of a high-strength, tubular steel skin that distributes the impact load to energy-absorbing foam cartridges in order to reduce the severity of the impact, extends the impact event, and provides the occupant of the race car additional protection. During installation of the SAFER barrier, the designers realized that certain race tracks were designed with the emergency track exit in the outside of the corner. Because the SAFER barrier needed to be installed in these corners, a gate mechanism had to be designed for the barrier that would provide access to the track while retaining the safety performance of the system. Full-scale crash testing of the first SAFER gate design showed that the gate did not posses sufficient capacity to handle the loads experienced during a worst-case impact scenario. Non-linear finite element analysis was then used to redesign the gate mechanism. The original gate design was simulated using LS-DYNA in order to validate the computational model. Modifications to increase the capacity of the gate mechanism were designed and analyzed until suitable results were obtained through simulation. Finally, the redesigned SAFER gate was successfully full-scale crash tested.

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of Impact Energy on Spur Gear

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 06011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Ali Bin Abdul Aziz ◽  
Daing Mohamad Nafiz Bin Daing Idris ◽  
Mohd Hasnun Arif Bin Hassan ◽  
Mohamad Firdaus Bin Basrawi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Impact

In high-speed gear drive and power transmission, system impact failure mode always occurs due to the sudden impact and shock loading during the system in running. Therefore, study on the amount of impact energy that can be absorbed by a gear is vital. Impact test equipment has been designed and modelled for the purpose to study the impact energy on gear tooth. This paper mainly focused on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of impact energy that occurred during simulation involving the impact test equipment modelling. The simulation was conducted using Abaqus software on critical parts of the test equipment to simulate the impact event and generate impact data for analysis. The load cell in the model was assumed to be free fall at a certain height which gives impact load to the test gear. Three different type of material for the test gear were set up in this simulation. Results from the simulation show that each material possesses different impact energy characteristic. Impact energy values increased along with the height of load drop. AISI 1040 were found to be the toughest material at 3.0m drop that could withstand up to 44.87N.m of impact energy. These data will be used to validate data in physical experiments in further study.

Finite Element Analysis on Integral Structure of Light Steel Temporary Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 921-924
Author(s):  
Xue Feng Cai ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Yong Chao Ma ◽  
Ji Zhong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element Analysis Model ◽  
Integral Structure ◽  
Set Up

Light steel temporary building is commonly used in the construction site, with advantages on simple structure, repeat used and small deadweight. There are still not enough researches and relevant standards to conduct the design and construction of the buildings. In order to precede to theoretical study on integral structure of light steel temporary buildings a method which used to set up finite element analysis model about integral structure of light steel temporary buildings was proposed in this paper. The method is based on finite element analysis software, Ansys. Using this method a monolayer integral structure, a two-story integral structure and a trilaminar integral structure model were set up. Lateral displacement under design load of the integral structure was solved out by these finite element models.

Impact of SSM/I Observations Related to Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation on Global NWP Forecast Skill

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 2713-2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kelly ◽  
P. Bauer ◽  
A. J. Geer ◽  
P. Lopez ◽  
J-N. Thépaut
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Forecast Skill ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Microwave Imager ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres ◽  
Experiment Duration

Abstract This paper presents the results from the Observing System Experiments (OSEs) with the current ECMWF data assimilation and modeling system for quantifying the impact on both analysis and forecast quality of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) observations sensitive to moisture and clouds as well as precipitation. SSM/I radiances have been assimilated operationally in clear-sky areas for 8 yr and in cloud- and rain-affected areas since June 2005. This paper examines experiments set up such that clear-sky and rain-affected observations were either added to a baseline with a restricted observing system configuration or withdrawn from the full system. The experiment duration was 10 weeks of which the first 14 days were excluded from the evaluation to allow the system to lose the memory of the initial conditions at day −1. It is shown that both clear-sky and rain-affected observations account for the bulk correction of moisture in the ECMWF analysis. SSM/I data adds 1 day of forecast skill over the first 48 h when evaluated in addition to a baseline-observing system. In the tropics, the rain-affected data contributes more skill to the moisture forecast than the clear-sky data at 700 hPa and above. In the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the effect is generally weaker and slightly in favor of clear-sky observations. A similar performance can be seen with respect to the wind vector forecast skill, which reflects the connection between the analysis of moisture and dynamics.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZACIÓN AMBIENTAL DE LA ENSENADA DE PLAYA GRANDE, ESTADO SUCRE, VENEZUELA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Castañeda ◽  
William James Senior ◽  
Arístide Márquez ◽  
Ángel González
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Trade Winds ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Hydrographic Conditions ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The hydrographic conditions and sanitary quality of the waters of the coastal region of Playa Grande Baywere studied during May 2003. We set up 21 stations to collect surface and bottom samples and three current meters – anupward-mounted hydroacoustic profiler and two single-point Doppler current sensors that operated for 14 days. Samples werecollected in 5-L Niskin bottles equipped with a lid-closing device operated through a cable. The samples were studied accordingto established methods for seawater analysis. The pH ranged between 7.93 and 8.31; the temperature, between 22.0 and 24.0ºC; the salinity, between 36.56 and 37.17 units; the color, between 15 and 30 Pt-Co units. The biochemical oxygen demandranged between 4.05 and 68.96 mg/L; and total nitrogen, between 0.53 and 1.27 mg/L. Total phosphate fluctuated between0.02 and 0.16 mg/L; lipids, between 0.08 and 0.39 mg/L; aliphatic hydrocarbons, between 0.01 and 0.12 mg/L. Detergents didnot exceed the value of 0.02 mg/L. In some cases, total and fecal coliforms reached values beyond the limit of 1000 NMP/100ml for total coliforms set by the Ministry of the Environment for type 4 waters (partial and total human contact). Thequality of these waters shows the impact of effluents, running mostly from east to west, in the sector of Campo Ajuro. Thephysical and chemical conditions of the waters of this bay may vary throughout the year as a consequence of the dynamicconditions prevailing in the region. It is recommended that these studies be carried out at least twice a year: during the dryseason (December to May), when the trade winds increase, and during the rainy season (June to November).

Impact Performance of the G4(1W) and G4(2W) Guardrail Systems: Comparison Under NCHRP Report 350 Test 3-11 Conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 1720 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuck A. Plaxico ◽  
Malcolm H. Ray ◽  
Kamarajugadda Hiranmayee
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Test Vehicle ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Techniques

Several types of strong-post W-beam guardrails are used in the United States. Usually the only difference between one type of strong-post W-beam guardrail and another is the choice of post and block-out types. The impact performance of two very similar strong-post W-beam guardrails are compared—the G4(2W), which uses a 150×200 mm wood post and the G4(1W), which uses a 200×200 mm wood post. Although G4(2W) is used in numerous states, G4(1W) is now common only in the state of Iowa. The performance of the two guardrails has been presumed equal, but only one full-scale crash test has been performed on G4(1W) and that was over 30 years ago, using a now-obsolete test vehicle. The nonlinear finite element analysis program LS-DYNA was used to evaluate the crashworthiness of the two guardrails. The G4(2W) guardrail model was validated with the results of a full-scale crash test. A model of the G4(1W) guardrail system was developed, and the deflection, vehicle redirection, and occupant risk factors of the two guardrails were compared. The impact performance of the two guardrails was quantitatively compared using standard techniques. The analysis results indicate similar collision performance for G4(1W) and G4(2W) and show that both satisfy NCHRP Report 350 Test 3-11 safety performance requirements.

Static and fatigue testing using the same full-scale transport aircraft structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
K. S. Shcherban ◽  
A. A. Surnachev ◽  
S. M. Naumov ◽  
A. Ya. Sterlin ◽  
A. G. Kalish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Aircraft Structure ◽  
Transport Aircraft ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Design Service Life ◽  
Set Up

The entire cycle of strength tests of the aircraft structure requires large expenditures of time and effort attributed to the manufacture of two full-size aircraft structures and two test rigs. The pace of development of modern aviation technology dictates strict requirements for timing and quality of testing, which allows us to ensure competitiveness in the world aircraft market. Therefore, when conducting a full cycle tests, shortening of the testing period becomes of particular importance. We consider a novel approach to strength testing of a full-scale transport aircraft structure which consists in static and fatigue tests carried out on the same object. The developed approach was tried out when testing the full-scale wing structure of a transport aircraft. The tests were carried out on a set-up that allowed reproducing both cases of static loading and variable loads of flight cycles. At the first stage, the static strength was proved by the results of finite-element calculation of the stress state of the structure at ultimate loads using a model verified by the strain measurements of one of the wing consoles under limit loads, as well as by testing typical and critical airframe elements. Samples of full-scale panels were additionally tested for buckling to confirm the load capacity of the upper wing panels. Fatigue tests were carried out in the time span of two design service life. The obtained results showed the possibility of conducting both static and fatigue tests using one and the same full-scale aircraft structure.

Educating Students for E-Entrepreneurship in the UK, the USA and China

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Millman ◽  
Wang-Chan Wong ◽  
Zhengwei Li ◽  
Harry Matlay
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of research evaluates various aspects of entrepreneurship education (such as curriculum, delivery and assessment) and links it to outcomes in terms of both the number and quality of entrepreneurs entering an economy. There is, however, a marked paucity of empirically rigorous research appraising the impact of entrepreneurship education on graduates' intentions and perceived ability to set up Internet-based e-enterprises that can operate across temporal and geographical boundaries. This paper provides a comparative overview of entrepreneurship education in the UK, the USA and China with a focus on IT and non-IT students' e-entrepreneurship intentions, perceptions and outcomes. The research on which the paper is based was carried out in two distinct phases: first, focus groups were used to design, pilot and develop a comprehensive research questionnaire for use in a wider, multi-country survey; second, questionnaires were then distributed to students in IT and non-IT related disciplines in the UK, the USA and China. The preliminary results show that most respondents were slow to conceptualize and contextualize e-entrepreneurship in the prevailing socio-economic and political conditions of their countries of origin. There were no significant differences between students of IT and non-IT disciplines in their perceptions of the viability and practicality of engaging in e-entrepreneurship. Generic support initiatives appear to neglect the vast portfolio of skills needs for graduates engaging in Internet trading. The authors recommend that entrepreneurship education providers should engage with emergent models of e-entrepreneurship and that policy makers should provide innovative initiatives to cater for the specific needs of e-entrepreneurs.

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