Effect of Interaction between Earthworm and Microbes on the Degradation Time of Agro-Waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1710-1713
Author(s):  
Shahul Hamid Fauziah ◽  
Chijioke Uche Emenike ◽  
Periatamby Agamuthu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Degradation Time ◽  
Reduced Time

Impact of macro-organisms in biological processes had been considerably studied but some of the discrete interactions that exist between macro- and micro-organisms still remain complex and sometimes elusive. Agro-waste is a type of waste that remains highly inevitable in our society and its disposal is a subject of concern. Therefore, this study aimed to degrade sugarcane bagasse which is a significant agro-waste in Malaysia, while trying to understand the interaction between microbes and earthworm utilized in the bioprocess. Sugarcane bagasse was blended with spent tea in equal ratio before composting with the aid of Eudrilus eugeniae and introduced microbial consortia. Though varied, pH values across the amendments tended towards alkaline state, just as the available Phosphorus (P) and exchangeable Potassium (K) increased in the value. Total organic carbon (TOC) across the amendments showed reduction in value; 47% in TS (tea and sugarcane bagasse), whereas 25% in TS6M (Tea + sugarcane bagasse + 6 microbes) and 68% in TS3M (tea bagasse + 3 microbes). However, weight loss in Eudrilus eugeinae was found to be proportional to the reduced time of degradation. TS3M at 33% worm weight loss was recorded at 11 day degradation time, than TS6M (27%) and TS (16%) that showed 13 and 20 days degradation time respectively. Weight loss in earthworm is correlated with microbial interaction and can be a reflection of rate decomposition of organic components of agro-waste in a vermicomposting process.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Mushroom Waste Substrate in Producing Vermicompost: The Decomposer Capacity of Lumbricus rubellus, Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Agus Mulyadi Purnawanto ◽  
Yugi R. Ahadiyat ◽  
Achmad Iqbal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Weight Number

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the capacity of Lumbricus rubellus, Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae earthworms in vermicompost production utilizing mushroom waste substrate based on weight; number and weight loss of earthworms; temperature; pH; moisture content of media; and C/N ratio. The results showed that, by using 42 g of E. eugeniae, E. fetida and L. rubellus earthworms, there was an increase in weight of earthworms and vermicompost by more than 300% and 75%, respectively. In general, these three species of earthworms were able to produce vermicompost in compliance with quality standards, showing C/N ratio lower than 20.

scholarly journals Bioconversion of biomass: a case study of ligno-cellulosics bioconversions in solid state fermentation

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Pandey ◽  
Carlos R. Soccol
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residues ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Feed Enzymes ◽  
Value Added Products

Lignocellulosic residues obtained from crops cultivation form useful sources to be used as substrate for bioconversion processes. Sugarcane bagasse, which is a complex substrate obtained from the processing of sugar cane, is an important biomass among such sources. Due to its abundant availability, it can serve as an ideal substrate for microbial processes for the production of value added products. This paper reviews recent developments on biological processes developed on production of various products in solid state fermentation using sugarcane bagasse as the substrate and describes production of protein enriched feed, enzymes, amino acid, organic acids and compounds of pharmaceutical importance, etc. through microbial means.

COMPUTER MAPPING OF ALBERTA SOIL TEST DATA

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. CAMERON ◽  
J. A. TOOGOOD
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Mapping Function ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Weighted Moving Average ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

A circular mapping function based on the principle of a weighted moving average was applied in a computer program to the available Alberta soil test data, and nutrient levels of soils in the province were plotted and contoured. The finished maps displayed clearly marked trends. Variation in nitrate-nitrogen levels for samples from fallow and cropped land was readily seen, but correlation with soil zone was not well marked. Available phosphorus levels were relatively higher on the Solonetzic soils in central Alberta. Exchangeable potassium levels appeared to be closely related to the soil zones of Alberta. The mapped pH values presented the least variable picture. The electronic computer was essential for the mapping of data as reported in this study, and future applications of the computer to other soil data appear to be unlimited.

A review: the trend of progress about pH probes in cell application in recent years

The Analyst ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongkang Yue ◽  
Fangjun Huo ◽  
Songyi Lee ◽  
Caixia Yin ◽  
Juyoung Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Probes ◽  
In Cells

Intracellular pH values are some of the most important factors that govern biological processes and the acid–base homeostasis in cells, body fluids and organs sustains the normal operations of the body.

scholarly journals Poly(-caprolactone)/graphene oxide composite systems: A comparative study on hydrolytic degradation at extreme pH values

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 892-902
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Campillo-Fernández ◽  
Pablo González-Reed ◽  
Ana Vidaurre ◽  
Isabel Castilla-Cortázar
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Poly Caprolactone ◽  
Degradation Time

Polycaprolactone/Graphene oxide (PCL/GO) composites are shown to be promising substrates for tissue engineering as their degradation behavior is a key aspect in this type of application. The present paper studies the effect of different GO contents (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 wt%) of PCL/GO composites on accelerated hydrolytic degradation at extreme pH values. Degradation kinetics at pH 13 is strongly affected by GO content, and speed up at higher percentages. The composite with 0.5 wt% of GO was completely degraded in 72 hours, while degradation at pH 1 presents a different profile and seems to have an induction period that lasts more than 1500 hours. Morphological changes, molecular weight distribution, weight loss, degree of swelling and calorimetric properties were investigated as a function of degradation time. According to the results obtained, the addition of small percentages of GO significantly influences the degradation behavior of the composites acting as degradation modulators.

scholarly journals The microbial consortia directed evolution towards plastic degradation – the key to waste management?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 2316-2319
Author(s):  
GURPREET KAUR SIDHU ◽  
Pooja Chandel
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Hypothetical Proteins ◽  
Dumping Site ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
Basal Media ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Current Report

The rampant use of plastics and their disposal into waste are adding to the problems of pollution. The resistance of plastics to bio-degradation is an added advantage for its significant use but the same property creates havoc when the plastic products are disposed off as waste in massive amounts. The property of micro-organisms to evolve quickly brings answers to even the most impossible situations. The current and several other reports show that the plastic is bio-degradable. The current report shows the action of consortia of microbes isolated from a plastic dumping site can lead to degradation of the polymer. The microbial consortia isolated from plastic dumping site when made to grow in controlled conditions in presence of basal media with plastic as sole source of carbon for an extended period of time, aberrations were observed on surface of the plastic. The proteins reported till date in plastic degradation when analysed in-silico for their homologs in all domains of life, they were found to be significantly similar to proteins of cutinase, hydrolase, lipase and some hypothetical proteins. This shows that the plastic degrading proteins have possibly evolved from these protein families.

scholarly journals Degradation of Acrylic Acid/acrylamide Superabsorbent Copolymer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wichanee Bankeeree ◽  
Chalermkwan Samathayanon ◽  
Sehanat Prasongsuk ◽  
Pongtharin Lotrakul ◽  
Suda Kiatkamjornwong
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Poly Acrylamide

Abstract Poly(potassium acrylate), P(KA), and poly[acrylamide-co-(potassium acrylate)], P(Am-co-KA), were synthesized and an effective degradation technique of the polymers via chemical and biological processes were pursued. Significant reductions in dry mass and water absorbency were observed after P(KA) (53% and 54%, respectively) and P(Am-co-KA) (43% and 40%, respectively) were buried in the soil for ten weeks. The living fungal culture failed to degrade the polymers, but the enzymatic treatment using crude peroxidase (20 U/g) for 16 h significantly decreased the dry mass (15%; 15.0±0.3 g) and water absorbency (13%; 16.0±1.0 g/g) of P(KA). Chemical oxidation using H2O2 at high temperature with/without peroxidase efficiently degraded P(KA) and P(Am-co-KA). The maximum degradation of P(KA) (99.84% weight loss) was obtained when incubated with 12.8% (v/w) H2O2 at 65 ºC for 7.3 h while 98.43% weight loss was achieved after P(Am-co-KA) was incubated with 14.8% (v/w) H2O2 at 68 ºC for 9.2 h. No significant inhibition was observed in seed germination of mung bean grown on the untreated polymers but sweet corn was slightly inhibited. The effects of degraded products on mung bean germination were not significantly different from the control and untreated polymers. On sweet corn, the degraded products were apparently less toxic than did the untreated polymers. These results suggested that the rapid and efficient degradation of polyacrylate and its copolymer by the thermo-oxidation of H2O2 could be applied for a larger scale of SAP waste management.

scholarly journals Evaluation of PET Degradation Using Artificial Microbial Consortia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Qi ◽  
Yuan Ma ◽  
Hanchen Chang ◽  
Bingzhi Li ◽  
Mingzhu Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Complex Polymers ◽  
Pet Film ◽  
Pet Hydrolase ◽  
Rhodococcus Jostii

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) biodegradation is regarded as an environmentally friendly degradation method. In this study, an artificial microbial consortium composed of Rhodococcus jostii, Pseudomonas putida and two metabolically engineered Bacillus subtilis was constructed to degrade PET. First, a two-species microbial consortium was constructed with two engineered B. subtilis that could secrete PET hydrolase (PETase) and monohydroxyethyl terephthalate hydrolase (MHETase), respectively; it could degrade 13.6% (weight loss) of the PET film within 7 days. A three-species microbial consortium was further obtained by adding R. jostii to reduce the inhibition caused by terephthalic acid (TPA), a breakdown product of PET. The weight of PET film was reduced by 31.2% within 3 days, achieving about 17.6% improvement compared with the two-species microbial consortium. Finally, P. putida was introduced to reduce the inhibition caused by ethylene glycol (EG), another breakdown product of PET, obtaining a four-species microbial consortium. With the four-species consortium, the weight loss of PET film reached 23.2% under ambient temperature. This study constructed and evaluated the artificial microbial consortia in PET degradation, which demonstrated the great potential of artificial microbial consortia in the utilization of complex substrates, providing new insights for biodegradation of complex polymers.

scholarly journals Meat quality of chicken of different crossings in alternative system

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
F.L. Cruz ◽  
A.A. Silva ◽  
I.F.M. Machado ◽  
L.C. Vieira ◽  
C. Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Hue Angle

ABSTRACT The purpose was to evaluate the effects of gender and of different genotypes of chickens on the physicochemical parameters and centesimal composition, related to the quality of meat. The design was completely randomized arranged in 5x2 factorial scheme, five genotypes (Índio Gigante - IG; New Hampshire - NHS; Gigante Negra de Jersey - GNJ; poultry from the crossing between the IG and NHS breeds - IG x NHS; and between the IG and GNJ breeds - IG x GNJ) and two genders, with five repetitions and each one represented by three poultry, totaling 150 animals, slaughtered at 105 days. The parameters evaluated on the breast and thigh were: centesimal composition (moisture, ether extract - EE, protein and ash), ultimate pH, color (L*- luminosity, a*- redness, b* -yellowness, C* - chroma index and h* - hue angle), weight loss by cooking (WLC) and shear force (SF). The IG genotype had the highest average of ultimate pH of the breast (6.03). The NHS and IG x NHS genotypes showed, respectively, higher average of L * (58.93) and a* (1.92) of the breast. The IG, IG x NHS and IG x GNJ showed the highest values of b* of the breast (12.53, 13.37 and 12.69, respectively). The IG poultry showed high average of SF of the breast and thigh (4.79 and 5.01kgf, respectively). The IG x NHS and IG x GNJ genotypes showed the lowest ultimate pH values of the thigh (6.13 and 6.02, respectively). The IG x GNJ genotype showed a high average of b* of the thigh (14.94) and the NHS had a high average of WCL (24.65%). The females showed higher averages of EE on the breast and ash on the thigh (1.03 and 1.11%, respectively). The IG x NHS and IG x GNJ poultry showed higher averages of EE of the breast (1.21 and 1.38 %, respectively). The poultry of IG breed and those from the crossing with NHS and GNJ presented meat quality characteristics more desirable by the consumer in relation to physicochemical parameters and centesimal composition, while genders showed no influence on these aspects.

The Decomposition of Crude oil Residues in Sand Columns

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Biological Pathway ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sandy Shores ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
Waves And Tides ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Benthic Animals

The fouling of formerly clean sandy shores by the weathered residues of crude oil is all too familiar. Vigorous use of solvent emulsifiers can restore the beach ‘whiter than white’ but this damages the creatures which normally live in and on the sand. Unless the oil pollution is continual, the beach will usually rid itself of oil aided by waves and tides. Sometimes the disappearance of the oil may amount to no more than its bodily removal elsewhere or its burial out of sight, but inevitably, its ultimate destruction must be as the result of photochemical and biological processes. For intertidal sands where oil may become buried by wave action, the photochemical aspect is perhaps less important than for floating oil and the biological pathway is more important. In the experiments described here an attempt is made to investigate the rate of oil destruction by natural beach micro-organisms. Under the experimental conditions used, it is not difficult to sustain over a period of several months a fairly representative model of a beach with its populations of bacteria, diatoms and interstitial benthic animals.

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