Assessment of Compost Maturity by Simple-Barrel Method for Kitchen Waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1745-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang Hung Cheng ◽  
Mei Chuan Huang ◽  
Mei Fang Lu ◽  
Jim Jui Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Kitchen waste recycling is an environmental friendly measure. Two identical samples of kitchen waste were conducted for composting by the barrel-type of method in this study. Compost produced from these two experiments was analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. No significant difference was found between the compositions of the two kitchen waste samples. The major components of the two kitchen waste samples of this study were water content (averaged 72.7%), followed by combustible constituent (about 25.6%). The carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio was between 15 and 25. Compost by the simple barrel method had the average C/N ratio of 12. For the simple barrel method, because its enzyme fermentation lasted longer, the maturity of the compost was better. The compost samples had the average germination rate of 95%, indicating the simple barrel composting method definitely has better maturity. When comparing the compost samples produced in this study to the standards given by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, the simple barrel compost qualified all the criteria. The simple barrel composting method is a convenient and easy method for recycling and processing organic waste, especially kitchen. The compost products, both solid and liquid, can be used for agricultural purposes.

scholarly journals Effect of Mosses on physical and chemical properties of soil in temperate forests of Garhwal Himalayas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anshu Siwach ◽  
Siddhartha Kaushal ◽  
Ratul Baishya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Garhwal Himalayas ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Mosses are one of the most important and dominant plant communities, especially in the temperate biome, and play a significant role in ecosystem function and dynamics. They influence the water, energy and element cycle due to their unique ecology and physiology. The present study was undertaken in three different temperate forest sites in the Garhwal Himalayas, viz., Triyuginarayan (Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS)), Chakrata, and Kanasar forest range. The study was focused on understanding the influence of mosses on soil physical properties and nutrient availability. Different physico-chemical properties were analysed under two different substrata, that is, with and without moss cover in two different seasons, viz., monsoon and winter. We observed mosses to influence and alter the physical properties and nutrient status of soil in both seasons. All soil physical and chemical properties, except magnesium, showed significant difference within the substrates, among all the sites and across the two seasons. Besides the soil characteristics underneath the moss vegetation, the study also highlights the diversity of mosses found in the area. Mosses appear to create high nutrient microsites via a high rate of organic matter accumulation and retain nutrients for longer periods thus, maintaining ecosystem stability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gelatin Addition from Various Fish Skin to the Physical and Chemical Properties of Chikuwa

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irvan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Chikuwa is one of Japanese traditional fishery food product that commonly made from potato starch, fish surimi, and some spices. To enhance Chikuwa physical and chemical properties especially in texture attribute and protein content, Gelatin can be added. Gelatin is a partial hydrolysis protein that usually added in food making process to improve the gumminess quality and the protein content. Gelatin can be derived from bone collagen, skin and fish scale. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of gelatin from various skin fish to the physical and chemical characteristics of Chikuwa. The research method used is experimental laboratories using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. The data analysed with ANOVA and continued with BNJ analysis if there is a significant difference between the treatments. This research has divided into two stages. The first step aim is to make the gelatin from the skin of seabass, payus fish and tilapia with 3% concentrations. The second step is Chikuwa making added with gelatin. The parameters that observed are water content, protein content, white degree, gel strength, sensory attributes, folding, bite. The results showed that Chikuwa with the addition of gelatin from seabass, payus and tilapia skin are significantly different (p <0.05) due to the physical and chemical characteristics of Chikuwa. The best Chikuwa quality is Chikuwa with the addition of seabass gelatin, where the gelatin yield is 18.03 ± 0.68; the gelatin gel strength is 251.11 ± 1.08 bloom; the viscosity is 5.80 ± 0.15 cP; the gel Chikuwa sample strength is 954.54 ± 0.56 gcm and protein content is 22.01 ± 0.98%

scholarly journals Influences of Land Use/ Cover Changes on Soil Properties in Rib Watershed, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fentanesh Haile Buruso ◽  
Zenebe Admasu Teferi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract BackgroundThe decrease in the area under natural vegetation and its conversion into other types of use has resulted in resource degradation including soil quality loss. Soil properties response to changes in land use/ cover has shown spatial and temporal variations. Hence this study was carried out to examine the influence of land use/ cover changes on physical and chemical properties of the soils in Rib watershed. Soil samples were taken over three selected land use/ covers (natural forest, grazing and cultivated lands) in two agro- ecological zones (Dega and High Dega). Multivariate analysis of variance (MNOVA) and Pearson’s correlation was computed. ResultsThe study revealed that land use/ cover and altitude have influenced physical and chemical properties of the soil in the study watershed. Significant difference in distribution of soil texture, BD, OC, TN and pH among land use/ covers have been observed. Natural forest had higher OC, OC stock and TN than grazing and cultivated lands. The mean OC stock ranged from 188.32 t/ha in natural forest to 72.75t/ha in cultivated lands. Soil pH was slightly higher for natural forests and lower in the soils of grazing and cultivated lands. Significant difference (P<0.05) among the two agro ecologies were also observed in OC, Ca2+, clay, and silt.. ConclusionTherefore, land use/ cover changes have affected the concentration of TN, OC, increase soil acidity and compaction that can affect productive of soils and production of crops.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Skidding Extraction: Effects on Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils and on Maple Seedling Growing along the Skid Trail

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Solgi ◽  
Ramin Naghdi ◽  
Enrico Marchi ◽  
Andrea Laschi ◽  
Farshad Keivan Behjou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Forest Logging ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Several studies investigated soil disturbances caused on skid trails by forest logging. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the severity and the distance of disturbances along both sides from the trails. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the changes in physical and chemical properties of soil along the sides of skidding trails; ii) to measure the effects of soil compaction on of maple seedlings growth. Two levels of trail gradient (< 20% and >20 %), four levels of traffic frequency (3, 8, 15, and 30 passes) and four distance buffer strip zones (0.5 m intervals from 0 to 2 m in distance) on both sides of skid trail edges were analyzed. Each treatment included three replicate plots. In order to investigate the effect of compaction on seedlings emergence and growth, maple seeds were sown after logging. The results highlighted significant changes in physical and chemical properties of soil for each traffic frequency in the closest buffer strip (from 0 to 0.5 m from the skid trail edges). The largest changes in soil properties were identified at 0.5 m distance zones for a slope gradient > 20% after 3, 8, 15, and 30 skidding cycles. The highest changes were recorded on slope category >20%. The higher the soil compaction the lower the germination rate, root length, and stem height of seedlings.

scholarly journals (302) Physical and Chemical Properties of Energized Water and Its Effects on the Germination, Growth, and Development of Sprouting Vegetable Plants

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023E-1024
Author(s):  
Wol-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Energized water production: Underground water, which was not con-taminated with heavy metal ions, chemicals, and much nitrate, etc. => 1) filtering through reversed osmosis pressure filter, 2) nano-sized mineral system with specific stone powder, 3) far red light expositing system, 4) magnetic field treatment, 5) oxygen supply system => energized water (EW). Physical and chemical properties: EW showed higher pH level, electrical conductivity (EC), energy levels by Killian camera and oxygen concentration; however, lower ORP, cluster size as much as 79 Hz by NMR in comparison to underground water, as control. Bioassay of sprouting vegetable plants: In barley germination test, EW showed higher germination rate, strong top/root growth, especially outstanding differentiation of roots in comparison to control. After 2 weeks, the control barley seedlings showed significant symptoms of senescence in root tissue. Also, bean sprouts greatly increased growth in epicotyls and hypocotyls, and development under EW conditions. The roots of control plants showed discolored and mal flavors and gradually decayed in room temperature. With EW supply, vegetable seeds and sprouting plants showed better growth and development of top and root parts. In conclusion, EW influenced the plants to have higher biodynamic potentials for seed germination and growth and development of new plant tissues.

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA TANAH PADA LAHAN HUTAN GAMBUT BEKAS TERBAKAR: STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ILIRSUMATERA SELATAN, INDONESIA PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BURNT PEAT LAND FOREST: CASE STUDY IN OGAN KOMERING ILIR REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lulu Yuningsih ◽  
Bastoni Bastoni ◽  
Taty Yulianty ◽  
Jun Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Kebakaran di hutan gambut telah mengubah karakteristik lahan tersebut. Ironisnya, saat ini perhatian berupa riset terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia lahan gambut yang mengalami perubahan tersebut masih sangat rendah. Padahal sifat fisik dan kimia gambut merupakan faktor penting yang mempengaruhi kemampuan tanah untuk berproses. Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk kondisi fisik dan kimia tanah pada lahan gambut pasca kebakaran tahun 2006 dan 2015. Studi ini dilakukan pada tahun 2017 di Kebun Konservasi Plasma Nutfah, Indonesia dan analisis dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Tanah, Universitas Sriwijaya dan Balai Riset Standarisasi Industri Palembang (Baristand). Berdasarkan analisis uji lanjutan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada sifat fisika tanah menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan nyata terhadap perubahan kadar air dan bulk density di lahan pasca terbakar tahun 2015 dan lahan pasca terbakar tahun 2006 yang sudah dilakukan kegiatan rehabilitasi. Pada sifat kimia, pH, C-Organik, Phospor, dan Kalium menunjukkan adanya perubahan nyata terhadap kebakaran di lahan gambut pasca terbakar tahun 2006 dan di lahan gambut pasca terbakar tahun 2015, akan tetapi terhadap N-total adanya perubahan akan tetapi tidak terlalu nyata di kedua lokasi. Masih dibutuhkan informasi lebih komprehensif terhadap unsur fisika dan kimia lainnya serta  sifat biologi tanah sehingga dapat menjadi acuan yang lebih presisi. Fires in peat forests have changed the characteristics of the land. Ironically, current attention includes research on the physical and chemical properties of peatlands that have changed is still scarce. Though the physical and chemical properties of peatlands is an essential factor affecting the ability of the soil to process. So, the purpose of this research is to analyze the physical and chemical properties of soil on peatlands after burning in 2006 and 2015. This study was conducted in 2017 at the Kebun Konservasi Plasma Nutfah (Germplasm Conservation Garden), Indonesia and analysis were carried out at the Soil Science Laboratory, Sriwijaya University and the Palembang Industrial Standardization Research Center (Baristand). Based on further analysis of Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) on the physical properties of soil shows that there are significant differences in changes of water content and bulk density in post-burnt land in 2015 and post-burnt land in 2006 that have been carried out rehabilitation activities. In the analysis of chemical properties consisting of analysis of pH, C-Organic, Phosphor, and Potassium showed a real change in fires in peatlands after burning in 2006 and peatlands after burning in 2015. However, at the N-total values, changes occurred but not too real in both locations. More comprehensive information is still needed on other physical and chemical elements as well as soil biological characteristics so that they can become more precise references.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the properties of coal bottom ash, as regards the possibilities of using it in biological land reclamation

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 00019
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Śliwka ◽  
Waldemar Kępys ◽  
Małgorzata Pawul
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The use of waste in land reclamation projects or road works is a generally applied method of waste recycling since coal bottom ash can be used in plant substrate. This paper presents the results of research on the physical and chemical properties and the toxicity of waste originating from power stations, in the form of coal bottom ash collected from pulverisedfuel and fluidised-bed boilers. To evaluate the eco-toxicological properties of waste, a series of plant growing tests were conducted, with the use of selected plant species, as well as germination tests in water extracts of waste. The latter were intended to determine whether coal bottom ash displayed cytostatic activity, while, in the case of pot experiments, the purpose was to determine the germination rates and growths of both above-ground and underground parts of plants. The test results indicated that the influence of the tested coal bottom ash on the plant development and growth depended on physical and chemical properties of that waste. The reactions of plants were also changing depending on the proportion of waste in soil.

The Physicochemical Properties of Soils in Tea Gardens Affected by Vermicompost and Lime Applications During Different Time Periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Shabanpour ◽  
Azadeh Sedaghat ◽  
Parvin Rousta ◽  
Reza Ebrahimi ◽  
Ahmad Shirinfekr
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The organic matter content has significantly decreased in some of the tea gardens in north of Iran, thereforeresulting in degradation of their physical and chemical properties. An experiment was conducted in two tea gardens in order to investigate the effect of lime and vermicompost on soil's physical and chemical properties. The studied tea soils were located in Gilan province (Bazkiyagorab and Azbaram) in Iran (with clay loam and sandy loam texture). Vermicompost was applied in 3 levels of 0, 2.5% and 5% and lime was applied in two levels of 0 and 0.5%. The measurements were carried out three times (after 0, 90 and 180 days). The results showed that lime and vermicompost application has significantly affected the calcium carbonate content, pH, the electrical conductivity (EC) and the soil organic matter (SOM) content in the studied soils. Lime application significantly increased the infiltration rate (P<0.01). Comparison of the average interaction of lime with vermicompost in the Azbaram station soil showed that 5% vermicompost and 0.5% lime with an average of 5.49 (mm h-1) had the highest infiltration rate (IR) and had a significant difference with the other treatments. Comparison of the average interaction of lime with vermicompost in Basquegorob garden showed that the treatment of 5% vermicompost with 0.5% lime, the time stage of 180 days with an average density of 1.11 (g cm-3) had the lowest bulk density (BD) and was significantly different from other levels. It seems that the simultaneous presence of lime and vermicompost and their effect on improving the soil structure and increasing porosity, leads to reduction of the soil's bulk density. The results obtained in this study have clearly indicated that the simultaneous applications of vermicompost and lime is an effective way to improve soil physical and chemical properties. However, the real potential of the amendments used in this experiment should be further assessed under field conditions using a test crop.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

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