Implementation and Verification of a Masonry Infill Model Considering the Out-Of-Plane Behaviour

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 1836-1845
Author(s):  
Zhi Xiong Chen ◽  
Ying Hu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Inertial Forces ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Masonry Infill ◽  
Earthquake Loads ◽  
Equivalent Strut ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Direction

The response of reinforced concrete buildings to earthquake loads can be substantially affected by the influence of infill walls. Also the out-of-plane failure of the infill can cause heavy casualties. In this article, an improved numerical model for the simulation of the in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of masonry infill is proposed. First, the proposed model is presented. This is an upgrading equivalent strut model composed of two beam-column type elements, with a node at the mid-span assigned a mass in the in-plane and the out-of-plane direction to account for the inertial forces in both directions. Second, the main results of the calibration analyses obtained with two experiments are presented and discussed.

Seismic Behavior of Framed Masonry Panels with Prior Damage When Subjected to Out-of-Plane Loading

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Komaraneni ◽  
Durgesh C. Rai ◽  
Vaibhav Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Dissipation Potential ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Direction ◽  
Inertia Forces

Framed masonry panels are subjected to both in-plane and out-of-plane loading during earthquakes and their load-carrying capacity in the out-of-plane direction after being damaged is crucial for overall stability and safety. To assess the effect of in-plane damage on their out-of-plane behavior, three half-scaled clay brick framed masonry panels were subjected to a sequence of slow cyclic in-plane drifts and shake table-generated out-of-plane ground motions. The framed panels maintained structural integrity and out-of-plane stability even when severely damaged. Also, failure of specimens was primarily due to excessive out-of-plane deflection, rather than amplified inertia forces. Weaker interior grid elements divided masonry in smaller subpanels, and helped delay failure by controlling out-of-plane deflection and significantly enhancing the in-plane response. This subpaneling also greatly improved the in-plane response and energy dissipation potential, and consequently, the out-of-plane failure of the masonry was delayed and large in-plane drifts of up to 2.2% could be safely sustained.

scholarly journals A Semi-Empirical Model for Predicting Frost Properties

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Shao-Ming Li ◽  
Kai-Shing Yang ◽  
Chi-Chuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Dimensionless Temperature ◽  
Crystal Shape ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Semi Empirical

In this study, a quantitative method for classifying the frost geometry is first proposed to substantiate a numerical model in predicting frost properties like density, thickness, and thermal conductivity. This method can recognize the crystal shape via linear programming of the existing map for frost morphology. By using this method, the frost conditions can be taken into account in a model to obtain the corresponding frost properties like thermal conductivity, frost thickness, and density for specific frost crystal. It is found that the developed model can predict the frost properties more accurately than the existing correlations. Specifically, the proposed model can identify the corresponding frost shape by a dimensionless temperature and the surface temperature. Moreover, by adopting the frost identification into the numerical model, the frost thickness can also be predicted satisfactorily. The proposed calculation method not only shows better predictive ability with thermal conductivities, but also gives good predictions for density and is especially accurate when the frost density is lower than 125 kg/m3. Yet, the predictive ability for frost density is improved by 24% when compared to the most accurate correlation available.

Mechanism of the Transition From In-Plane Buckling to Helical Buckling for a Stiff Nanowire on an Elastomeric Substrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlong Chen ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yilun Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Buckling Mode ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Direction ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
Helical Buckling ◽  
Selection Of

In this work, the compressive buckling of a nanowire partially bonded to an elastomeric substrate is studied via finite-element method (FEM) simulations and experiments. The buckling profile of the nanowire can be divided into three regimes, i.e., the in-plane buckling, the disordered buckling in the out-of-plane direction, and the helical buckling, depending on the constraint density between the nanowire and the substrate. The selection of the buckling mode depends on the ratio d/h, where d is the distance between adjacent constraint points and h is the helical buckling spacing of a perfectly bonded nanowire. For d/h > 0.5, buckling is in-plane with wavelength λ = 2d. For 0.27 < d/h < 0.5, buckling is disordered with irregular out-of-plane displacement. While, for d/h < 0.27, buckling is helical and the buckling spacing gradually approaches to the theoretical value of a perfectly bonded nanowire. Generally, the in-plane buckling induces smaller strain in the nanowire, but consumes the largest space. Whereas the helical mode induces moderate strain in the nanowire, but takes the smallest space. The study may shed useful insights on the design and optimization of high-performance stretchable electronics and three-dimensional complex nanostructures.

scholarly journals Out-of-plane Proof Testing of Masonry Infill Walls

Structures ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 244-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmytro Dizhur ◽  
Kevin Walsh ◽  
Ivan Giongo ◽  
Hossein Derakhshan ◽  
Jason Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Infill Walls ◽  
Masonry Infill ◽  
Masonry Infill Walls ◽  
Proof Testing ◽  
Out Of Plane

scholarly journals Comparison of Induced Deflection and Forces in Piles Adjacent to Tunnelling and Deep Excavation in 2D and 3D Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Ong Yin Hoe ◽  
Hisham Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Bending Moment ◽  
Pile Group ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Pile Groups ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
National University ◽  
Plane Direction ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
2D Model

There is a trend in Malaysia and Singapore, engineers tend to model the effect of TBM tunneling or deep excavation to the adjacent piles in 2D model. In the 2D model, the pile is modelled using embedded row pile element which is a 1-D element. The user is allowed to input the pile spacing in out-of-plane direction. This gives an impression to engineers the embedded pile row element is able to model the pile which virtually is a 3D problem. It is reported by Sluis (2014) that the application of embedded pile row element is limited to 8D of pile length. It is also reported that the 2D model overestimates the axial load in pile and the shear force and bending moment at pile top and it is not realistic in comparison to 3D model. In this paper, the centrifuge results of single pile and 6-pile group - tunneling problem carried out in NUS (National University of Singapore) are back-analysed with Midas GTS 3D and a 2D program. In a separate case study, pile groups adjacent to a deep excavation is modelled by 3D and 2D program. This paper compares the deflection and forces in piles in 2D and 3D models.

Seismic fragility of regular masonry buildings for in-plane and out-of-plane failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fillitsa Karantoni ◽  
Georgios Tsionis ◽  
Foteini Lyrantzaki ◽  
Michael N. Fardis
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Out Of Plane

Magnetic quantum oscillations in doped antiferromagnets

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (25) ◽  
pp. 1745015
Author(s):  
V. V. Kabanov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Polar Angle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Arbitrary Direction ◽  
Magnetization Direction ◽  
Quantum Oscillations ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Direction ◽  
Magnetic Quantum Oscillations

Energy spectrum of electrons (holes) doped into two-dimensional (2D) antiferromagnetic (AF) semiconductors is quantized in an external magnetic field of arbitrary direction. A peculiar dependence of de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) magneto-oscillation amplitudes on the azimuthal in-plane angle from the magnetization direction and on the polar angle from the out-of-plane direction is found. The angular dependence of the amplitude is different if the measurements are performed in the field above and below of the spin-flop field.

In-plane and out-of-plane response of a masonry infill divided into smaller wallettes

2016 ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vintzileou ◽  
C.E. Adami ◽  
V. Palieraki
Keyword(s):  
Masonry Infill ◽  
Out Of Plane
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