Classification of Hazardous Area and Selection of Explosion - Proof Equipment in Iron Steel Company

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 2277-2280
Author(s):  
Lin Zhi Fu ◽  
Yu Feng Li ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Temperature Group ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Hazardous Zone

According to the international standard, main problems lying in the process of hazardous zone classification were emphatically analyzed. The source of release was determined in light of its release frequency and duration, namely the continuous source, primary source and secondary source. Considering the effect of release rate, LEL, density, ventilation, obstacles, and meteorological conditions on the classification of the hazardous area, it could be found that the hazardous zone would expand as the release rate increased with lower explosion limit. The gas that was heavier than air covered larger hazardous areas than the lighter gas. Besides, ventilation might speed up the diffusion so as to reduce the scope the hazardous zone; obstacles prevented the diffusion so that concentration of partial gas increased and then the danger level increased; wind at high speed quickened the diffusion to decrease the range of dangerous area. Finally, explosion-proof electrical equipment was selected rationally according to the type of explosive gas and temperature group.

Special Considerations for BWTS installation in Hazardous Areas

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Flores ◽  
John P. Dooley
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Ballast Tanks ◽  
Oil Tanks ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment Systems

Ballast Water Treatment Systems (BWTS) particularly in tankers are faced with very unique and specific challenges with regards to the classification of hazardous areas and their installation requirements. Hazardous areas are defined as areas in which a flammable or explosive gas and air mixtures is, or may normally be expected to be, present in quantities such as to require special precautions for the construction and use of electrical equipment and machinery. Given that the ballast tanks in tankers are typically located adjacent to a cargo oil tanks, by definition ballast water is considered a hazardous substance. Therefore, BWTS installation in tankers will be subject to specific hazardous area installation requirements. This paper will identify specific installation requirements and considerations for BWTS installations in hazardous areas, and will provide installation scenarios which will highlight compliance with this specific requirements and various interpretations of different Flag States and Classification societies.

A Study on the Optimum Estimation of Flammable Liquid Release Rate for the Classification of Hazardous Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Wonjong Yu ◽  
Byunjick Kim ◽  
Joonwon Lee ◽  
Guysun Cho ◽  
Kyoshik Park
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Flammable Liquid ◽  
Optimum Estimation ◽  
Hazardous Area

Scanning x-ray fluorescence microscopy and principal component analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1752-1753
Author(s):  
Brian Cross
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fluorescence Microscope ◽  
Acquisition Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Speed Up

A relatively new entry, in the field of microscopy, is the Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence Microscope (SXRFM). Using this type of instrument (e.g. Kevex Omicron X-ray Microprobe), one can obtain multiple elemental x-ray images, from the analysis of materials which show heterogeneity. The SXRFM obtains images by collimating an x-ray beam (e.g. 100 μm diameter), and then scanning the sample with a high-speed x-y stage. To speed up the image acquisition, data is acquired "on-the-fly" by slew-scanning the stage along the x-axis, like a TV or SEM scan. To reduce the overhead from "fly-back," the images can be acquired by bi-directional scanning of the x-axis. This results in very little overhead with the re-positioning of the sample stage. The image acquisition rate is dominated by the x-ray acquisition rate. Therefore, the total x-ray image acquisition rate, using the SXRFM, is very comparable to an SEM. Although the x-ray spatial resolution of the SXRFM is worse than an SEM (say 100 vs. 2 μm), there are several other advantages.

Experimental Study on the Dynamic Deformation of Simply Supported Beam in Chinese High-speed Railway

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonglian Dai ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Tianliang Zhao ◽  
Wenshuo Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Simply Supported Beam ◽  
Vertical Stiffness ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Design Speed

<p>At present, Chinese high-speed railway operating mileage has exceeded 20 thousand km, and the proportion of the bridge is nearly 50%. Moreover, high-speed railway design speed is constantly improving. Therefore, controlling the deformation of the bridge structure strictly is particularly important to train speed-up as well as to ensure the smoothness of the line. This paper, based on the field test, shows the vertical and transverse absolute displacements of bridge structure by field collection. What’s more, resonance speed and dynamic coefficient of bridge were studied. The results show that: the horizontal and vertical stiffness of the bridge can meet the requirements of <b>Chinese “high-speed railway design specification” (HRDS)</b>, and the structure design can be optimized. However, the dynamic coefficient may be greater than the specification suggested value. And the simply supported beam with CRTSII ballastless track has second-order vertical resonance velocity 306km/h and third-order transverse resonance velocity 312km/h by test results, which are all coincide with the theoretical resonance velocity.</p>

scholarly journals AC_ICAP: A Flexible High Speed ICAP Controller

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Andres Cardona ◽  
Carles Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Access Port ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Ip Cores ◽  
Similar Solutions ◽  
Internal Configuration ◽  
Run Time Reconfiguration

The Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP) is the core component of any dynamic partial reconfigurable system implemented in Xilinx SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). We developed a new high speed ICAP controller, named AC_ICAP, completely implemented in hardware. In addition to similar solutions to accelerate the management of partial bitstreams and frames, AC_ICAP also supports run-time reconfiguration of LUTs without requiring precomputed partial bitstreams. This last characteristic was possible by performing reverse engineering on the bitstream. Besides, we adapted this hardware-based solution to provide IP cores accessible from the MicroBlaze processor. To this end, the controller was extended and three versions were implemented to evaluate its performance when connected to Peripheral Local Bus (PLB), Fast Simplex Link (FSL), and AXI interfaces of the processor. In consequence, the controller can exploit the flexibility that the processor offers but taking advantage of the hardware speed-up. It was implemented in both Virtex-5 and Kintex7 FPGAs. Results of reconfiguration time showed that run-time reconfiguration of single LUTs in Virtex-5 devices was performed in less than 5 μs which implies a speed-up of more than 380x compared to the Xilinx XPS_HWICAP controller.

Corruption and control from the perspective of Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-368
Author(s):  
Waled Younes E. Alazzabi ◽  
Hasri Mustafa ◽  
Ahmed Razman Abdul Latiff
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Situational Factor ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Control

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and provide insights into corruption and the control procedures from an Islamic perspective. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts qualitative research approach using the holy Quran as a primary source and hadith of the Prophet Mohammed supported by the anecdotes of his companions as a secondary source and prior literature. Findings This paper offers an Islamic taxonomy of corruption that contains economic, managerial, financial, political, environmental, social and ethical corruption which is explicitly prohibited because of their consequence on societies. Islam establishes proactive, preventive, detecting and reactive procedures to control corruption and prescribes how to avoid its harmful consequences. The paper also reveals significant concepts in relation to individuals’ qualities that if taken care of, better chances to reduce corruption and better living conditions can be accomplished. Research limitations/implications The paper recommends means to the business community through providing managerial and practical procedures which can be used for limiting corruption effectively. However, this piece of work provides further explanations on corruption to improve our understanding on such a phenomenon and contributes to the literature from the perspective of Islam point of view. Originality/value The paper contributes to the debate on corruption, human, religion and control from an Islamic point of view, which is lacking. This paper finds evidence that loss of belief is a situational factor that leads to corrupt acts. Also, moral teaching in early ages is necessary for inner and self-control. Moral renovation is an influential factor that keeps individuals motivated and refrain from indulging into corrupt acts.

scholarly journals The Pursuit of the Source, or The Inevitability of Death

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Persson ◽  
Jan Ch. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
False Idea

The purpose of this article is to apply the method of the genre of studying chains of references to an instance of a secondary source of the contested concept of ‘resistance to change’ back to the primary source and thereby exercise criticism of the sources. This includes discussing whether the theory itself is empirically sustainable or sufficiently scientifically grounded. In the article, we adopt a theoretical lens of Critical Realist Discourse Analysis, mainly because it is sensitive to the importance of the influence of nondiscursive social positions on discourses. The primary source of the chain of theories of resistance to change turns out to be Kübler-Ross’s model of stages of dying patients’ reactions to their immanent death. We find that the model is systematically misinterpreted to fit the empirically false idea of resistance to change of the ideological discourses of management research.

scholarly journals KONSEP PENDIDIK DAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN YANG HUMANIS MENURUT IBNU KHALDUN

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Kiki Sumber Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Methods Of Learning

This study aims to find out and analyze the concept of educators and humanist learning methods according to Ibn Khaldun in his book entitled "Muqaddimah". The concept of educators and methods of learning in question is the behavior of educators in providing teaching to learners. The meaning of humanist according to Ibn Khaldun is a teaching that contains elements of humanity according to his nature as a human being. The approach used in this research is qualitative descriptive by reviewing the book of Muqaddimah with publisher of Maktabah Al-Hidayah as primary source and translation book of Muqaddimah with publisher Pustaka Al-Kautsar as secondary source and other supporting book. This research produces some educational concepts and learning methods that are humanist according to Ibn Khaldun.

scholarly journals Modeling and Control of Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source Based on Energetic Macroscopic Representation

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01049
Author(s):  
Mohamed Haidoury ◽  
Hatim Jbari ◽  
Mohammed Rachidi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Dynamic Simulator

In this paper, we present a dynamic simulator that uses a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This source, is used as a primary source with a supercapacitor (SC) considered as a secondary source. This simulator integrates a PEMFC’s dynamic model, validated on the Bahia bench and a semi-empirical model of SC. The developed model is implemented using the macroscopic energetic representation tool (EMR). The energy management system (EMS) is based on rule-based power management, where a low-pass filter splits the power among sources (PEMFC and SCs) using a cut-off frequency of 0.2Hz, and a controller block that regulates the bus voltage deduced by the EMR’s inversion-based control approach.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TAXATION AS AN AID TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (APPLIED STUDY IN KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanj Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Nawzad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Government ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>This research was carried out to determine the weight of taxation in economic development, the main purpose is to discover the level of impact of taxation on economic development or if it has any impact. Another key objective is to improve the level of understandability and find probable solutions toward issues in taxation within the Kurdistan region, as well as unveiling the Kurdistan Regional Government’s taxation system in compliance with the up to date old Iraqi tax laws. KRG is barely surviving this crisis, with the increase of unemployment and poverty could taxation work as an aid to support the piles of the region. The current corruption in the government that does not use tax money efficiently and lack of transparency has been evaluated. Primary and secondary research methods were used to be able to gather information in order to reach an understanding. The primary source of data includes personal interviews and questionnaires, meanwhile, the secondary source of data includes the use of textbooks, social media, internet, and newspapers. Non-probability method of sampling was used in selecting the respondents. The study used the standard deviation, chi-square formula, and tables for the method of the examination. The results clearly illustrates that the government should</em> <em>commence the critical pursuit of broadening regional economy in order to improve economic growth and expansion and to become meticulous to fight with real corruption. The limitation and resources should be expanded by the government and bring taxation back to life through educational systems and social awareness.</em></p>

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