Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation to the Growth and Photosynthesis of Mulberry in Karst Rocky Desertification Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Song Mei Shi ◽  
Xiao Hong Yang ◽  
Xian Zhi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Karst Rocky Desertification ◽  
Rocky Desertification ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

The photosynthesis effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on mulberry was evaluated in karst rocky desertification area. Three-month-old sterile mulberry saplings were transplanted in karst rocky desertification area and were inoculated with Gigaspora rosea. Some growth parameters and photosynthesis indexes were measured to study the physiological responses after inoculating for 1 year. The results showed mulberries that were inoculated with AMF had greater height, larger stem diameter and leaf area, more leaf number per plant, more fibrous root number and biomass of shoots and roots, as well as higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance compared with non-AMF plants. The research results confirmed that AMF markedly enhanced the absorptive ability of root system, promoted the vegetative growth, improved the photosynthetic capacity, and obviously increased mulberry survival rate in karst rocky desertification area. These results provided a theoretical base for the ecological restoration in karst rocky desertification area.

scholarly journals Effet de l’inoculation mycorhizienne avec des souches des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires sur la croissance de Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC en condition contrôlée

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073
Author(s):  
Hadou Haro ◽  
Kadidia Semde ◽  
Kadidiata Bahadio ◽  
Kadidia B. Sanon
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Au Burkina Faso, l’élevage occupe plus de 80% des ménages ruraux et constitue le troisième produit d’exportation après l’or et le coton. De type extensif, cet élevage est basé essentiellement sur l’exploitation des ressources naturelles. Ainsi, il doit s’adapter aux grandes variations saisonnières et interannuelles des ressources en biomasse végétale et en eau. Or les aléas climatiques, l’étendue et la qualité des pâturages, de même que les contraintes rendent l’activité pastorale souvent précaire. C’est ainsi que cette étude a été initiée dans le but de contribuer à améliorer la production fourragère. Dans cette étude, Mucuna pruriens a été cultivé en serre et inoculé avec deux inocula de champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires. Les paramètres de croissance ont été mesurés à 30 et 60 jours après semis. La biomasse aérienne, racinaire et totale a été évaluée à 60 jours après semis. Les résultats montrent une amélioration de la croissance en hauteur du mucuna de 225,76%, de la biomasse aérienne de 56,79%, la biomasse racinaire de 70% et la biomasse totale de 61,16% par rapport au témoin non inoculé. Cette étude a montré des résultats intéressants et mérite d’être approfondie par des essais in situ tout en étendant l’étude sur les inoculations rhizobiennes.Mots clés : Mucuna, inoculation mycorhizienne, champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires.   English Title: Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains on Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC growth under controlled conditionIn Burkina Faso, breeding occupies more than 80% of rural households and is the third export product after gold and cotton. Extensive type, this breeding is based essentially on the exploitation of natural resources. Thus, it must adapt to large seasonal and interannual variations in plant biomass and water resources. Climatic hazards, the extent and quality of pastures, as well as constraints make pastoral activity often precarious. Therefore, this study was initiated with the aim of helping to improve forage production. In this study, Mucuna pruriens was grown in a greenhouse and inoculated with two inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The growth parameters were measured at 30 and 60 days after sowing. Shoot, root and total biomass was evaluated at 60 days after sowing. The results show an improvement in the height growth of mucuna by 225.76%, shoot biomass by 56.79%, root biomass by 70% and total biomass by 61.16% compared to the control. This study showed interesting results and deserves to be deepened by in situ tests while extending the study of rhizobial inoculations. Keywords: Mucuna, mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

scholarly journals Réponse du sésame (Sesamum indicum L.) à l’inoculation mycorhizienne avec des souches des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires indigènes du Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-423
Author(s):  
Hadou Haro ◽  
Kadidia B. Sanon
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Au Burkina Faso, le sésame est essentiellement une culture de rente. Sa production augmente progressivement alors que son rendement baisse d’année en année. Ceci est lié à la pauvreté du sol en éléments minéraux tels que l’azote et le phosphore assimilable entrainant une augmentation des superficies emblavées pour cette culture et une utilisation des intrants chimiques de plus en plus grande. Or les intrants chimiques ont montré leurs limites dans leur utilisation. C’est ainsi que cette étude a été initiée afin de contribuer à l’amélioration de la production agricole durable. Dans cette étude le sésame a été cultivé en serre et inoculé avec deux inocula mycorhiziens indigènes. Les paramètres de croissance ont été mesurés à 30 et 60 jours après semis. La biomasse aérienne, racinaire et totale ont été évaluées à 60 jours après semis. Les résultats montrent une amélioration de la croissance en hauteur de 431,25%, taux de croissance relative en hauteur de 145,87%, diamètre au collet de 163,92%, biomasse aérienne de 102,9%, biomasse racinaire de 126,67% et de la biomasse totale de 110,1% par l’inoculation. Cette étude a montré des résultats prometteurs et mérite d’être approfondie par des essais aux champs. Mots clés : Sésame, inoculation mycorhizienne, champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires, Burkina Faso. English Title: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) response to mycorrhizal inoculation with native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to Burkina Faso In Burkina Faso, sesame is essentially a cash crop. Its production is gradually increasing while its yield decreases. This is linked to the soil poverty in mineral elements such as available nitrogen and phosphorus leading to an increase in the area sown for this crop and an increasing use of chemical inputs. However, chemical inputs have shown their limits in their use. This is how this study was initiated to help improve sustainable agricultural production. In this study, sesame was grown in greenhouse and inoculated with two inocula of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (M1 and M2) from Burkina Faso. The growth parameters were measured at 30 and 60 days after sowing. Shoot, root and total biomass were assessed at 60 days after sowing. The results obtained show an improvement in height growth of 431.25%, the relative growth rate in height of 145.87%, the collar diameter of 163.92%, the aboveground biomass of 102.9%, root biomass of 126.67% and total biomass of 110.1% of plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared to the inoculated control. This study has shown promising results and deserves to be deepened by field tests to assess the effect of this inoculation on sesame yield.Keywords: Sesame, mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals First Insights into the Effect of Mycorrhizae on the Expression of Pathogen Effectors during the Infection of Grapevine with Plasmopara viticola

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Ana Cruz-Silva ◽  
Andreia Figueiredo ◽  
Mónica Sebastiana
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Pathogen Effectors ◽  
Rxlr Effectors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
And Control

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), widely used for berry and wine production, is highly susceptible to the pathogenic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the etiological agent of grapevine downy mildew disease. The method commonly used to prevent and control P. viticola infection relies on multiple applications of chemical fungicides. However, with European Union goals to lower the usage of such chemicals in viticulture there is a need to develop new and more sustainable strategies. The use of beneficial microorganisms with biocontrol capabilities, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), has been pointed out as a viable alternative. With this study, we intended to investigate the effect of AMF colonization on the expression of P. viticola effectors during infection of grapevine. Grapevine plants were inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and, after mycorrhizae development, plants were infected with P. viticola. The expression of P. viticola RxLR effectors was analyzed by real-time PCR (qPCR) during the first hours of interaction. Results show that pre-mycorrhizal inoculation of grapevine alters the expression of several P. viticola effectors; namely, PvRxLR28, which presented decreased expression in mycorrhizal plants at the two time points post-infection tested. These results suggest that the pre-inoculation of grapevine with AMF could interfere with the pathogen’s ability to infect grapevine by modulation of pathogenicity effectors expression, supporting the hypothesis that AMF can be used to increase plant resistance to pathogens and promote more sustainable agriculture practices, particularly in viticulture.

Mycorrhizal inoculation and application of Fe correction in the soil for ameliorating grapevine performance in a copper-contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Nogales ◽  
Erika S. Santos ◽  
Gonçalo Victorino ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Maria Manuela Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

<p>Copper-based fungicides are commonly applied in vineyards to control fungal diseases that can severely affect grapevine productivity. Continuous application of this type of fungicides contributes to Cu accumulation in surface horizons of the soil, which can generate toxicity problems in plants, regardless of being an essential nutrient. Several strategies have been proposed to immobilize or counteract the effect of soil contaminants, such as plant inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, depending on the element concentration, this may not be sufficient to avoid its excessive accumulation in belowground and/or aboveground organs. Since Fe is known to have an antagonistic interaction with Cu in plants, Fe application, as an amendment, in vineyard soils, could be a good strategy to avoid excessive Cu uptake by grapevines growing in Cu-contaminated soils. However, little information is available on the combined effects of both strategies.</p><p>In order to reveal the possible beneficial effects of plant mycorrhization and Fe application in Cu-contaminated soils on grapevine growth and nutrition, a mesocosm experiment was established under controlled conditions. Two-year-old plants, previously inoculated or not with two different AMF, were grown in pots filled with 6.5 kg of an Arenosol collected from a wine-growing region. These plants were subjected to three soil treatments: 1) soil contamination with Cu, where the grapevines were watered with a solution containing 5.89 mg/L CuSO<sub>4</sub> to ensure that the soil in each container reached 300 mg Cu/kg; 2) soil contamination with Cu + Fe addition, where the plants were watered with a solution that contained the same amount of CuSO<sub>4</sub> plus 0.38 mg/L of FeNaEDTA·3H<sub>2</sub>O to achieve 100 mg of Fe/kg soil; and 3) non-contaminated soil watered with deionized water. Four months later, at the end of the growing season, plant vegetative growth as well as leaf and root nutrient contents were analyzed.</p><p>Grapevines inoculated with AMF demonstrated a good level of tolerance to high Cu concentrations in soil, as they presented significantly higher root biomass than non-inoculated plants and Cu was mainly accumulated in the roots avoiding its translocation to the aerial part. However, when the Cu-contaminated soil was amended with Fe, a significant decrease was observed in root biomass in all mycorrhizal inoculation treatments and Cu was accumulated in grapevine leaves. Contrastingly, Fe application helped to avoid the excessive increase of Mn concentrations in leaf and roots that is commonly induced in Cu contaminated soils, which can be detrimental for grapevine growth.</p><p>These results demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation is a suitable strategy to promote grapevine growth in Cu-contaminated soils. However, special attention needs to be taken when applying amendments to correct Cu contamination, as the mycorrhizal status of plants may alter the expected outcome.</p><p> </p><div> <div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Influence of bioproducts and mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and yielding of sweet cherry trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Sławomir Głuszek ◽  
Edyta Derkowska ◽  
Lidia Sas Paszt ◽  
Mirosław Sitarek ◽  
Beata Sumorok
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cherry Trees

The experiment assessed the influence of various biofertilizers and biostimulants on the growth characteristics of the root system, its colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the yielding of sweet cherry trees in field conditions. The experiment, conducted in Pomological Orchard of Research Institute of Horticulture located in Skierniewice during 2011–2014, involved the use of a mycorrhizal substrate, organic fertilizers and biostimulant in randomised block design. The control combination consisted of plants fertilized with mineral fertilizers (NPK). The use of the organic fertilizer BF Ekomix in dose 100 g per tree each year in the spring significantly increased the number of root tips in comparison with the control trees. There was also a tendency for the roots to lengthen and increase their surface area under the influence of this biofertilizer. In addition, the inoculation of roots with the mycorrhizal substrate in dose 200 g per tree per year stimulated the colonization of the roots of sweet cherry trees by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which in turn led to improved root growth parameters.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of maize seedlings under salt stress

2018 ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwen Xu, Yan Lu ◽  
Shuyuan Tong
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Rubisco Activity

The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus. tortuosum on morphology, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, photosynthetic capacity and rubisco activity of maize under saline stress were detected under potted culture experiments. The experimental result indicated the saline stress notably reduced both dry mass and leaf area in contrast with the control treatment. Nevertheless, AMF remarkably ameliorated dry mass and leaf area under saline stress environment. Besides, maize plants appeared to have high dependency on AMF which improved physiological mechanisms by raising chlorophyll content, efficiency of light energy utilization, gas exchange and rubisco activity under salinity stress. In conclusion, AM could mitigate the growth limitations caused by salinity stress, and hence play a very important role in promoting photosynthetic capacity under salt stress in maize.

Induction of salt stress tolerance in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem Abeer ◽  
E. F. Abd_Allah ◽  
A. A. Alqarawi ◽  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Efficient Protection

The aim of present study was to examine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and some key physio-biochemical attributes in cowpea (<italic>Vigna unguiculata</italic> [L.] Walp.) subjected to salt stress. Salt stress (200 mM NaCl) reduced growth, biomass, relative water content and chlorophyll pigment content in cowpea leaves. AMF ameliorated the negative impact of salinity on the growth parameters studied. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR) enhanced under salt stress and AMF inoculation further enhanced their activity, thus strengthening the plant’s defense system. Proline content increased in salt stressed plants as well as AMF-inoculated plants providing efficient protection against salt stress. Besides this AMF also increased uptake of mineral elements which have direct impact on the osmoregulation of the plants. The present study shows that AMF possesses the potential to enhance salt tolerance of cowpea.

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