Electrical Energy from Vibration of a Washing Machine

2014 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
Bambang Daryanto Wonoyudo ◽  
Theduard Febrawi
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Direct Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Type Transducer

Piezoelectric materials can produce electricity when they are subjected to dynamic strain. In this paper, the development of a mechanism using a piezoelectric element for harvesting energy from a washing machine is reported. The device was in the form of a cantilever type transducer, using simple components. The main aim of the work is to give a practical implementation of the conversion of mechanical energy by using direct piezoelectric effect. Experimental results showed that, in average, the operation of the washing machine could generate 1.87 mV for a stainless steel cantilever beam and 1.46 mV for an aluminum cantilever beam.

Tunable Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams for Energy Harvesting

Aerospace ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Charnegie ◽  
Changki Mo ◽  
Amanda A. Frederick ◽  
William W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Vibration Source ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Tip Mass ◽  
Shunt Circuit

Over the past several years, there has been increasing interest in harvesting energy from ambient vibrations in the environment by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. A popular method is to use a piezoelectric cantilever beam. In order to harvest the most energy with the device, the beam's fundamental mode must be excited. However, this is not always possible due to manufacturing of the device or fluctuations in the vibration source. By being able to change the frequencies of the beam, the device can be more effective in harvesting energy. In this paper, a model for a three layered piezoelectric cantilever beam utilizing a shunt tuning circuit will be presented. The fundamental frequency of a cantilever beam is dependent on the stiffness and mass of the beam. Either adding a tip mass to the end of the beam or increasing the dimensions of the beam can alter the mass. The stiffness of the beam is a function of the geometry, mechanical properties, and the electromechanical coupling of the piezoelectric element. In this paper we prepare the use of a piezoelectric layer with an attached shunt circuit for tuning its stiffness, and thus the beam frequency. The piezoelectric coefficients of this layer and its shunt circuit determine the amount of electromechanical coupling. By varying the shunt circuit, the beam can be tuned to a certain frequency. This paper presents a study of the effects additional harvesting and tuning layers have on the amount of tuning and generated power in the beam. These additional layers will add more piezoelectric material as well as mass to the beam and therefore there will be a balance between the amount of harvested energy and the tunable frequency range. By quantifying the effects of these parameters, it will be easier to design a harvester to be used in a particular frequency range as well as to produce a certain level of power.

scholarly journals Design of a prototype generator based on piezoelectric power generation for vibration energy harvesting

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumbumba Taty-Etienne Nyamayoka ◽  
Gloria Adedayo Adewumi ◽  
Freddie Liswaniso Inambao
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Ceramic Plate ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
Tip Mass

The concept of harvesting energy in the ambient environment arouses great interest because of the demand for wireless sensing devices and low-power electronics without external power supply. Harvesting energy by vibration with piezoelectric materials can be used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy that can be stored and used to power other devices. This conversion of vibrations (mechanical energy) to electrical energy using piezoelectric materials is an exciting and rapidly developing area of research with a widening range of applications constantly materialising. In this context, the goal of this paper is to develop a comprehensive prototype generator that can harvest vibration energy and convert it to electrical energy by providing the output power for optimisation and its performance. Two setups of prototype are used: a cantilever beam with tip mass at the end, and a cantilever beam without tip mass at the end. Data from the experiment is compared and analysed using MatLab. The results show that the power output of the prototype with the tip mass is greater than the power output without the tip mass. The experimental results led to a power optimisation from that prototype by different characteristic of piezoelectric ceramic plate.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2249-2257
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Nonlinear Process ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Harvesting Systems

This Paper presents a new technique of electrical energy generation using mechanically excited piezoelectric materials and a nonlinear process. This technique, called double synchronized switch harvesting (DSSH), is derived from the synchronized switch damping (SSD), which is a nonlinear technique previously developed to address the problem of vibration damping on mechanical structures. This technique results in a significant increase of the electromechanical conversion capability of piezoelectric materials. An optimized method of harvesting vibrational energy with a piezoelectric element using a dc–dc converter is presented. In this configuration, the converter regulates the power flow from the piezoelectric element to the desired electronic load. Analysis of the converter in discontinuous current conduction mode results in an expression for the duty cycle-power relationship. Using parameters of the mechanical system, the piezoelectric element, and the converter; the “optimal” duty cycle can be determined where the harvested power is maximized for the level of mechanical excitation. A circuit is proposed which implements this relationship, and experimental results show that the converter increases the harvested power by approximately 365% as compared to when the dc–dc converter is not used

scholarly journals Development of Smart Shoes Using Piezoelectric Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid ◽  
Nur Insyierah Md Sarif ◽  
Khadijah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Almost All

The consumption of low-power electronic devices has increased rapidly, where almost all applications use power electronic devices. Due to the increase in portable electronic devices’ energy consumption, the piezoelectric material is proposed as one of the alternatives of the significant alternative energy harvesters. This study aims to create a prototype of “Smart Shoes” that can generate electricity using three different designs embedded by piezoelectric materials: ceramic, polymer, and a combination of both piezoelectric materials. The basic principle for smart shoes’ prototype is based on the pressure produced from piezoelectric material converted from mechanical energy into electrical energy. The piezoelectric material was placed into the shoes’ sole, and the energy produced due to the pressure from walking, jogging, and jumping was measured. The energy generated was stored in a capacitor as piezoelectric material produced a small scale of energy harvesting. The highest energy generated was produced by ceramic piezoelectric material under jumping activity, which was 1.804 mJ. Polymer piezoelectric material produced very minimal energy, which was 55.618 mJ. The combination of both piezoelectric materials produced energy, which was 1.805 mJ from jumping activity.

Piezoelectricity in two-dimensional aluminum, boron and Janus aluminum-boron monochalcogenide monolayers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Choopani ◽  
Mustafa Menderes Alyoruk
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Phonon Dispersion ◽  
Electronic Band Structure ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Electronic Band ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract Piezoelectricity is a property of a material that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa. It is known that group-III monochalcogenides, including GaS, GaSe, and InSe, show piezoelectricity in their monolayer form. Piezoelectric coefficients of these monolayers are the same order of magnitude as the previously discovered two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials such as boron nitride (BN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers. Considering a series of monolayer monochalcogenide structures including boron and aluminum (MX, M =B, Al, X = O, S, Se, Te), we design a series of derivative Janus structures (AlBX2, X = O, S, Se, Te). Ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) and density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) calculations are carried out systematically to predict their structural, electronic, electromechanical and phonon dispersion properties. The electronic band structure analysis indicate that all these 2D materials are semiconductors. The absence of imaginary phonon frequencies in phonon dispersion curves demonstrate that the systems are dynamically stable. In addition, this study shows that these materials exhibit outstanding piezoelectric properties. For AlBO2 monolayer with the relaxed-ion piezoelectric coefficients, d11=15.89(15.87) pm/V and d31=0.52(0.44) pm/V, the strongest piezoelectric properties were obtained. It has large in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficients that are comparable to or larger than those of previously reported non-Janus monolayer structures such as MoS2 and GaSe, and also Janus monolayer structures including: In2SSe, Te2Se, MoSeTe, InSeO, SbTeI, and ZrSTe. These results, together with the fact that a lot of similar 2D systems have been synthesized so far, demonstrate the great potential of these materials in nanoscale electromechanical applications.

Control of Structural Vibration Using Shunt Piezoelectric Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Qi Bo Mao
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Switching Circuit ◽  
Structural Vibration Control ◽  
Pulse Switching ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Base Structure ◽  
Shunt Circuit

In this study, structural vibration control using semi-active shunt piezoelectric damping circuits is presented. A piezoelectric patch with an electrical shunt circuit is bonded to a base structure. When the structure vibrates, the piezoelectric patch strains and transforms the mechanical energy of the structure into electrical energy, which can be effectively dissipated by the shunt circuit. Hence, the shunt circuit acts as a means of extracting mechanical energy from the base structure. In this study, a pulse-switching circuit is imposed as the semi-active shunt piezoelectric damping to reduce the structural vibration. The switch-law for the pulse-switching circuit is discussed in detail, and the detailed numerical calculations are given and discussed. It is found that the pulse-switching circuit is more stable than passive piezoelectric circuit (such as RL series circuit) with regard to structural stiffness variations.

Recent advances in flexible PVDF based piezoelectric polymer devices for energy harvesting applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2096605
Author(s):  
Sunija Sukumaran ◽  
Samir Chatbouri ◽  
Didier Rouxel ◽  
Etienne Tisserand ◽  
Frédéric Thiebaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Research Activities

Energy harvesting is one of the most promising research areas to produce sustainable power sources from the ambient environment. Which found applications to attain the extensive lifetime self-powered operations of various devices such as MEMS wireless sensors, medical implants and wearable electronic devices. Piezoelectric nanogenerators can efficiently convert the vastly available mechanical energy into electrical energy to meet the requirements of low-powered electronic devices. Among the piezoelectric materials, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers are extensively studied for the development of energy harvesting devices. Due to the outstanding properties such as high flexibility, ease of processing, long-term stability, biocompatibility makes them a promising candidate for piezoelectric generators. Nevertheless, compared to piezoceramic materials, PVDF based generators produce lower piezoresponse. Over the last decades, tremendous research activities have been reported to endorse the performance of PVDF based energy harvesters. This review article mainly focused on the recent progress in the performance improvement with processing methods, piezoelectric materials, different filler loading. The new developments and design structures will lead to an increase in piezoelectricity, alignment of dipoles, dielectric properties and subsequently enhance the output performance of the device. Electronic circuits play a vital role in energy harvesting to efficiently collect the developed charge from the device. Here, we have proposed a detailed description of the electronic circuits. Also, in the application part deals with the recent progress in flexible, biomedical and hybrid generators based on PVDF polymers.

scholarly journals Maximum Obtainable Energy Harvesting Power from Galloping-Based Piezoelectrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi ◽  
Mostafa Safdari Shadloo ◽  
Arash Karimipour
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Nonlinear Motion ◽  
Rc Circuit ◽  
Deflection Limit

In this paper, the maximum obtainable energy from a galloping cantilever beam is found. The system consists of a bluff body in front of wind which was mounted on a cantilever beam and supported by piezoelectric sheets. Wind energy caused the transverse vibration of the beam and the mechanical energy of vibration is transferred to electrical charge by use of piezoelectric transducer. The nonlinear motion of the Euler–Bernoulli beam and conservation of electrical energy is modeled by lumped ordinary differential equations. The wind forces on the bluff body are modeled by quasisteady aeroelasticity approximation where the fluid and solid corresponding dynamics are disconnected in time scales. The linearized motion of beam is limited by its yield stress which causes to find a limit on energy harvesting of the system. The theory founded is used to check the validity of previous results of researchers for the effect of wind speed, tip cross-section geometry, and electrical load resistance on onset speed to galloping, tip displacement, and harvested power. Finally, maximum obtainable average power in a standard RC circuit as a function of deflection limit and synchronized charge extraction is obtained.

scholarly journals Piezoelectric Nanogenerators based on Pvdf-Hfp/Zno Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites for Self-Powering Devices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Abdulgader Abdul-kareem ◽  
Noura AlSanari ◽  
Amal Daifallah ◽  
Radwa Mohamed ◽  
Jolly Bhadra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources

Due to the rising global concern over energy catastrophe and environmental issues, attention has been diverted towards future energy. In recent times, rechargeable power and renewable energy sources have been considered as an attractive substitute for resolving the future environmental problems. Among them, mechanical energy is one of the most abundant energy sources, and easily transformable to other useful energy forms, such as electrical energy. For such purposes, piezoelectric materials with ability to convert the mechanical energy generated by various activities into electrical energy. In this research work, we have investigated the morphology, structure and piezoelectric performances of neat polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), PVDF-HFP/ZnO, PVDFHFP/ Mesoporous silica, PVDF-HFP 1% and PVDF-HFP 3% ZnO-Mesoporous silica nanofibers, fabricated by electrospinning. Both SEM and TEM images of ZnO nanoparticles shows formation of uniform flake of about 5nm diameter and Mesoporous silica shows uniform spherical morphology with average diameter of 5 μm. EDX plot justifies the presences of Zn, O and Si. An increase in the amount of crystalline β-phase of PVDF-HFP has been observed with the introduction of ZnO and mesoporous silica in the PVDF-HFP matrix are observed in FTIR spectra. All the XRD peaks observed in neat PVDF has the strongest intensity compared to rest of the other XRD peaks of polymer nanocomposite. The XRD spectra of all the nanocomposites have peaks at 17.8°, 18.6° correspond to α- crystalline phase, the peaks observed at 19°, 20.1° correspond to the γ- crystalline phase, and the peak at 20.6° corresponds to the β- crystalline phase. The flexible nanogenerator manipulated from the polymer nanocomposite with 1% ZnO-Mesoporous silica exhibits an output voltage as high as 2 V compared with the neat PVDF-HFP sample (~120 mV). These results indicate that the investigated nanocomposite is appropriate for fabricating various flexible and wearable self-powered electrical devices and systems.

scholarly journals A Block Diagram of Electromagnetoelastic Actuator for Control Systems in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Sergey Mikhailovich Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Linear Ordinary Differential Equation ◽  
Nanoscience And Nanotechnology ◽  
Direct Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Piezoelectric Effects

The block diagram and the transfer functions of the electromagnetoelastic actuator are received for control systems in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The block diagram of the electromagnetoelastic actuator is reflected the transformation of electrical energy into mechanical energy, in contrast to Cady’s and Mason’s electrical equivalent circuits of piezotransducer. The electromagnetoelasticity equation and the second order linear ordinary differential equation with boundary conditions are solved for calculations the block diagram of the electromagnetoelastic actuator. The block diagram of the piezoactuator is obtained with using the reverse and direct piezoelectric effects. The back electromotive force is determined from the direct piezoelectric effect equation. The transfer functions of the piezoactuators are obtained for control systems in nanoscience and nanotechnology.

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