The Reduction of Fuel Consumption on the Example of Ecological Hybrid Buses

2014 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Bajerlein ◽  
Lukasz Rymaniak
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
Operation Cost

For city buses, the costs of operation and maintenance are critical in the overall purchase and operation cost analysis. That is why the scientists from the Institute of Combustion Engines and Transport have taken up the subject of economic balance on the example of urban public transport operators. For an objective assessment of the fuel consumption it is necessary to determine all the variables. Hence, driving tests are developed that characterize the actual operating conditions and stringent procedures of their realization are set out. The paper presents the results of the fuel consumption tests carried out on public transport buses (SORT Standardized On-Road Tests Cycles).

On the wake dynamics of a propeller operating in drift

2014 ◽  
Vol 754 ◽  
pp. 263-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Mascio ◽  
R. Muscari ◽  
G. Dubbioso
Keyword(s):  
Axisymmetric Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Tip Vortex ◽  
Streamwise Direction ◽  
Vortical Structures ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Oblique Flow ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Flow Variables

AbstractThe onset and the nature of dynamic instabilities experienced by the wake of a marine propeller set in oblique flow are investigated by means of detached eddy simulations. In particular, the destabilization process is inspected by a systematic comparison of the wake morphology of a propeller operating in pure axisymmetric flow and in drift with angle of 20°, under different loading conditions. The wake behaviour in oblique flow shows a markedly different character with respect to the axisymmetric condition: in the latter, the destabilization is triggered by an increasing interaction of the main vorticity confined in the tip vortex; whereas, in the former, the role of the secondary vorticity (oriented in the streamwise direction) as well as the hub vortex seems to be crucial. The features of the wake have been investigated by the $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\lambda _{2}$ criterion (Jeong & Hussain, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 285, 1995, pp. 69–94) and typical flow variables (pressure, velocity and vorticity), for both the averaged and instantaneous flow fields. Moreover, in order to further inspect the evolution of the vortical structures, as well as their interaction and destabilization, the spectra of the kinetic energy have been considered. This investigation aims to broaden the knowledge from previous works on the subject of rotor wake instabilities, focusing on the differences between an ideal (axisymmetric) and actual operating conditions occurring in typical engineering applications.

scholarly journals Fuel consumption in an air blower for agricultural use under different operating conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Robson L. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Otto Cycle ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Air Blower ◽  
Ethanol Blends

ABSTRACT Evaluation of fuel consumption in internal combustion engines (ICE) of agricultural machinery and equipment is important in determining the performance under various operating conditions, especially when using biofuels. This study consisted of experimental evaluation of the gasoline (petrol)/ethanol consumption in a two-stroke 1-cylinder ICE, Otto cycle, functioning as an air blower for agriculture and related applications. A methodology for tests of non-automotive ICE, based on ABNT/NBR technical standards, was considered. The presented results refer to operation with commercial and non-commercial fuel blends. Characteristic curves for the tested equipment are presented, identifying consumption conditions and trend in the whole operating range of angular speeds (RPM), for five fuel blends (gasoline/ethanol). For the operating conditions of minimum and maximum angular speeds, 20 and 30% ethanol blends had the highest and lowest fuel consumptions, respectively.

Design of Service Supervision and Subsidies Evaluation System for Urban Public Transport

2011 ◽  
Vol 135-136 ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
Xiao Kun Wang ◽  
Bao Yu Hu ◽  
Wei Qiang Chen ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
De Yong Guan
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Operation Cost

In order to promote the sound development of urban public transport industry, government administration needs to enhance quality supervision of operational service to public transport enterprises, while taking scientific and effective strategy of financial subsidies. So service supervision and subsidies evaluation system for urban public transport are designed. First of all, system construction demand was analyzed based on enterprise operation cost accounting, subsidies evaluation and service quality supervision. And then the idea and workflow of system construction are proposed. Furthermore, public transport enterprises cost accounting, supervision and evaluation of public transport enterprise services, compensation scope and methods of financial subsidies to public transport enterprises, audit and evaluation of compensation mechanisms for financial subsidies are analyzed and researched separately. Based on the above, functional architecture of service supervision and subsidies evaluation system for urban public transport for government sector management is proposed. The system is composed of four function modules: basic database of public transport operation, cost of ticket revenue accounting system, service quality evaluation system, and subsidies compensation evaluation system. The ideas and methods are provided for service supervision and subsidies evaluation system for urban public transport and industry management information platform construction.

scholarly journals The influence of qualitative factors in urban public transport in Poland on the substitution of means of transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Zajfert
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Communication Preferences ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Qualitative Factors ◽  
The Impact

The subject of the article is public transport in urban areas in Poland. The article presents the impact of demand and supply factors on public transport. The time range covers the period of the last 16 years, 2001-2016. The aim of the work is to analyze the qualitative factors characterizing public transport services, which allows an attempt to identify those which seem to have a key impact on creating communication preferences of the residents. The article concludes with a presentation of the instruments available to forward the desired substitution of individual transport by public transport.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between the Operating Conditions of an Oil Tanker and Fuel Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Mariana LUPCHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Oil Tanker ◽  
Operating Regimes

This paper presents a calculation method to determine optimum operating conditions of power plants installations with internal combustion engines used on ships. The scope of this document is to make a minimum fuel consumption calculation using software Engineering Equation Solver. Analysing several operating regimes, the specific consumption of heavy fuel used on the main engine of the oil tanker is calculated. Vessel must operate at the parameters for which it was designed and built, thus satisfying all technical and economic aspects.

scholarly journals Humidification-dehumidification desalination process using green hydrogen and heat recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Brunini ◽  
Maria del Carmen Garcia ◽  
Augusto Melgarejo ◽  
Roberto Guillermo Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Operation Cost

Abstract We propose the use of green hydrogen as a fuel for a seawater heater in a humidification / dehumidification (HDH) desalination plant to increase its productivity, to allow scaling to large dimensions without negative environmental effects, and to guarantee continuous operation. We develop a mathematical model of the proposed HDH configuration. For operating conditions that guarantee very low NOX production, the fuel consumption is ~0.03 kg of H2 per kg of pure water produced. If the exhaust gases from the seawater heater are used for heat recovery, the GOR of the equipment may increase by up to 39 % in relation to the same equipment operating without heat recovery. The operation cost of freshwater is comparable to the costs obtained by other equipment in the literature. If the water produced in the combustion of hydrogen is condensed during the heat recovery process and then added to the freshwater produced, the production cost is reduced by 20 %. We found that an excess of air in the air+fuel mix beyond the minimum value appropriate for a low NOX generation does not provide significant benefits. The efficiency of the seawater heater has an impact on the production of pure water, but this impact is strongly mitigated by the heat recovery process. Fuel consumption increases proportionally with the decrease in the effectiveness of the heat recovery device, which is a key parameter for optimal performance. A hydrogen heater is also a good alternative as an auxiliary power source to guarantee continuous operation. On sunny hours a H2 heater may be used to increase productivity preheating the seawater, and at night the system could operate 100 % based on H2.

scholarly journals The development of combustion engines for hybrid drive systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Ireneusz PIELECHA ◽  
Wojciech CIEŚLIK ◽  
Przemysław BOROWSKI ◽  
Jakub CZAJKA ◽  
Wojciech BUESCHKE
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Drive Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Continuous increased interest in hybrid drive systems enabling the reduction of fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, as well as their use partly as zero-emission drive in vehicles provides the basis for the development of these types of drive systems. Such trend is indicated by sales analysis of hybrid drives, and this means that actions taken towards of reduction of fuel consumption are still justified. The article reviews combustion engines for hybrid drive systems as far as determination of their operating conditions, indicating mean effective pressure and power/displacement ratio are considered. The concept of hybridization was defined as a measure of the degree of utilization of vehicle electric drive systems (or its drive support). The analysis was conducted on the basis of vehicles equipped with different hybrid drive systems with combustion engines with spark ignition and compression ignition. The hybridization indexes for different groups of hybrid drive systems were determined and significant discrepancies in the way of their determination were pointed out.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

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