A Novel Method to Fabricate Silicon-Beam with Polygon Section Based on Thermal Oxidation Layer Protection Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Ze Long Zhou ◽  
Chen Mei ◽  
Xiang Yong Su ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Yi Tao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Oxidation Layer ◽  
Mask Layer ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Protection Layer ◽  
Silicon Beam

Simplex wet etching method to fabricate silicon-beam has limited the categories of silicon-beam, it has confined the design and fabrication of silicon-beam with polygon section. Moreover, due to the side-etching of sidewalls and arris during the process of wet etching, the sections of the fabricated silicon-beam are not identical, which will induce the mechanics characters of silicon-beam to be altered, depressing the quality of silicon-beam; In order to avoid the shortages above, a novel method to fabricate silicon-beam with polygon section based on thermal oxidation layer technique is proposed, thermal oxidation SiO2 layer is utilized as the protection layer of the sidewalls of the silicon-beam instead of the mask layer as usual for the first time. Combining the wet etching technique with the thermal oxidation technique innovatively, several varieties of silicon-beam with polygon section, which can hardly be obtained only by the use of wet etching technique, can be manufactured, respectively. Based on such an innovative method, this paper proposes and develops five varieties of silicon-beam with novel structure by means of adjustable mask layer, extending the application field of wet etching. The subsequent fabrication experiment of silicon-beam with hexagonal section has been taken as an example to validate the technique principle. The dimension parameters of silicon-beam have been tested precisely and the arris angle error between the theoretic value and the experimental measurement is less than 1.5%; The SEM photos with the amplifier of 100 and 250 have been obtained through HITACHI S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), the SEM results have demonstrated the clear sidewall arris without undercut. Through this fabrication method, the sidewall arris of silicon-beam can be maintained due to the protection layer of thermal oxidation SiO2. In this manner, the arris disfigurement of the silicon-beam decreases dramatically, the process of etching can be controlled precisely, and the quality of the silicon-beam has been improved greatly.

Locally non‐uniform oxidation in self‐terminating thermal oxidation assisted wet etching technique for AlGaN/GaN heterostructure

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (23) ◽  
pp. 1932-1933
Author(s):  
Jingqian Liu ◽  
Jinyan Wang ◽  
Zhe Xu ◽  
Haisang Jiang ◽  
Zhenchuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Gan Heterostructure

A Novel Method for Silicon-Beam Fabrication in Wet Etching

2014 ◽  
Vol 536-537 ◽  
pp. 1407-1410
Author(s):  
Xiang Yong Su ◽  
Zhi Sheng Jing ◽  
Zhi Yong Cheng ◽  
Ze Long Zhou ◽  
Bing Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Protection Effect ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Silicon Beam

Fabricating silicon-beam through the wet etching has been developed for many years, there are a lot of advantages during the wet etching, low cost, easy to obtain and so on. However the design and fabrication of silicon-beam with polygon section has been confined during the process of wet etching; In order to fabricate more kinds of silicon-beam with the advantages of the wet etching, a novel method to fabricate silicon-beam with polygon section is proposed. The fabricating process has been designed by taking advantage of the protection effect of the SiO2 layer.

scholarly journals AI-based localization and classification of skin disease with erythema

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Min Son ◽  
Wooho Jeon ◽  
Jinhyun Kim ◽  
Chan Yeong Heo ◽  
Hye Jin Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Score ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
High Level

AbstractAlthough computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is used to improve the quality of diagnosis in various medical fields such as mammography and colonography, it is not used in dermatology, where noninvasive screening tests are performed only with the naked eye, and avoidable inaccuracies may exist. This study shows that CAD may also be a viable option in dermatology by presenting a novel method to sequentially combine accurate segmentation and classification models. Given an image of the skin, we decompose the image to normalize and extract high-level features. Using a neural network-based segmentation model to create a segmented map of the image, we then cluster sections of abnormal skin and pass this information to a classification model. We classify each cluster into different common skin diseases using another neural network model. Our segmentation model achieves better performance compared to previous studies, and also achieves a near-perfect sensitivity score in unfavorable conditions. Our classification model is more accurate than a baseline model trained without segmentation, while also being able to classify multiple diseases within a single image. This improved performance may be sufficient to use CAD in the field of dermatology.

scholarly journals A novel p-harmonic descent approach applied to fluid dynamic shape optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Marvin Müller ◽  
Niklas Kühl ◽  
Martin Siebenborn ◽  
Klaus Deckelnick ◽  
Michael Hinze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Shape Optimisation ◽  
Shape Features ◽  
Floating Bodies ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Sharp Corners ◽  
Dynamic Shape

AbstractWe introduce a novel method for the implementation of shape optimization for non-parameterized shapes in fluid dynamics applications, where we propose to use the shape derivative to determine deformation fields with the help of the $$p-$$ p - Laplacian for $$p > 2$$ p > 2 . This approach is closely related to the computation of steepest descent directions of the shape functional in the $$W^{1,\infty }-$$ W 1 , ∞ - topology and refers to the recent publication Deckelnick et al. (A novel $$W^{1,\infty}$$ W 1 , ∞ approach to shape optimisation with Lipschitz domains, 2021), where this idea is proposed. Our approach is demonstrated for shape optimization related to drag-minimal free floating bodies. The method is validated against existing approaches with respect to convergence of the optimization algorithm, the obtained shape, and regarding the quality of the computational grid after large deformations. Our numerical results strongly indicate that shape optimization related to the $$W^{1,\infty }$$ W 1 , ∞ -topology—though numerically more demanding—seems to be superior over the classical approaches invoking Hilbert space methods, concerning the convergence, the obtained shapes and the mesh quality after large deformations, in particular when the optimal shape features sharp corners.

scholarly journals ART-UP: A Novel Method for Generating Scanning-Robust Aesthetic QR Codes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Mingliang Xu ◽  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Jianwei Niu ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Xiting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Qr Codes ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Coarse To Fine

Quick response (QR) codes are usually scanned in different environments, so they must be robust to variations in illumination, scale, coverage, and camera angles. Aesthetic QR codes improve the visual quality, but subtle changes in their appearance may cause scanning failure. In this article, a new method to generate scanning-robust aesthetic QR codes is proposed, which is based on a module-based scanning probability estimation model that can effectively balance the tradeoff between visual quality and scanning robustness. Our method locally adjusts the luminance of each module by estimating the probability of successful sampling. The approach adopts the hierarchical, coarse-to-fine strategy to enhance the visual quality of aesthetic QR codes, which sequentially generate the following three codes: a binary aesthetic QR code, a grayscale aesthetic QR code, and the final color aesthetic QR code. Our approach also can be used to create QR codes with different visual styles by adjusting some initialization parameters. User surveys and decoding experiments were adopted for evaluating our method compared with state-of-the-art algorithms, which indicates that the proposed approach has excellent performance in terms of both visual quality and scanning robustness.

scholarly journals AB0050 A NOVEL METHOD FOR ISOLATION OF EXOSOMES FROM SYNOVIAL FLUID

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1057.2-1057
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
Y. Huang ◽  
Q. Huang ◽  
S. Sun ◽  
Z. Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Low Levels

Background:Exosomes in synovial fluid (SF) has a close relationship with the pathogenesis of rheumatiod arthritis. As a complex biological fluid, SF presents challenges for exosomes isolation using standard methods, such as ExoquickTM kit and ultracentrifugation.Objectives:The study aims to compared the quality of exosomes separated by ExoquickTM kit (TM), ExoquickTM kit+ExoquickTC kit (TM-TC), ultracentrifugation (UC) and TM-TC+UC(TM-TC-UC) from SF.Methods:Exosomes was separated by TM, TM-TC, UC and TM-TC-UC respectively. The size and concentrations of exosomes were detected by high sensitivity flow cytometry for nanoparticle analysis. Total protein and RNA were extracted from exosomes. SDS-PAGE was used to detect the protein distribution of exosomes. Western blot was used to examine the level of albumin and exosomes marker (TSG101 and CD81).Results:There was no statistic difference in the diameters of exosomes separated by the four methods. The concentrations of exosomes in TM, TM-TC, TM-TC-UC and UC were (5.65±0.93), (3.02±1.19), (1.67±0.25) and (4.61±0.73) *109Particles/mL. The protein concentrations of exosomes separated by the four methods were consistent with the concentrations of exosomes. SDS-PAGE showed that the protein distribution of exosomes separated by the four methods were different. Low levels of albumin were detected in TM-TC and TM-TC-UC, while high levels of albumin in TM and UC. Total RNA concentrations from exosomes in TM-TC was higher than other groups.Conclusion:TM-TC can be used to obtain higher quality exosomes from SF for the study of exosome-enriched components.References:[1]Helwa I, et al, A Comparative Study of Serum Exosome Isolation Using Differential Ultracentrifugation and Three Commercial Reagents. PloS one, 2017. 12(1): p. e0170628-e0170628.Figure 1.A: SDS-PAGE showed the protein distribution of exosomes; B: the detection of albumin, TSG101 and CD81 by western blot.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Using Sentinel-2 Images to Estimate Topography, Tidal-Stage Lags and Exposure Periods over Large Intertidal Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
José P. Granadeiro ◽  
João Belo ◽  
Mohamed Henriques ◽  
João Catalão ◽  
Teresa Catry
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Geographical Bias ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Tidal Stage ◽  
Sentinel 2

Intertidal areas provide key ecosystem services but are declining worldwide. Digital elevation models (DEMs) are important tools to monitor the evolution of such areas. In this study, we aim at (i) estimating the intertidal topography based on an established pixel-wise algorithm, from Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument scenes, (ii) implementing a set of procedures to improve the quality of such estimation, and (iii) estimating the exposure period of the intertidal area of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau. We first propose a four-parameter logistic regression to estimate intertidal topography. Afterwards, we develop a novel method to estimate tide-stage lags in the area covered by a Sentinel-2 scene to correct for geographical bias in topographic estimation resulting from differences in water height within each image. Our method searches for the minimum differences in height estimates obtained from rising and ebbing tides separately, enabling the estimation of cotidal lines. Tidal-stage differences estimated closely matched those published by official authorities. We re-estimated pixel heights from which we produced a model of intertidal exposure period. We obtained a high correlation between predicted and in-situ measurements of exposure period. We highlight the importance of remote sensing to deliver large-scale intertidal DEM and tide-stage data, with relevance for coastal safety, ecology and biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals Research on Sapphire Deep Cavity Corrosion and Mask Selection Technology

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Yiingqi Shang ◽  
Hongquan Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Nitride Layer ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Silicon Dioxide Layer ◽  
Etching Depth ◽  
Deep Cavity ◽  
Mask Layer ◽  
Layer Composite

Aimed at the problem of the small wet etching depth in sapphire microstructure processing technology, a multilayer composite mask layer is proposed. The thickness of the mask layer is studied, combined with the corrosion rate of different materials on sapphire in the sapphire etching solution, different mask layers are selected for the corrosion test on the sapphire sheet, and then the corrosion experiment is carried out. The results show that at 250 °C, the choice is relatively high when PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) is used to make a double-layer composite film of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride. When the temperature rises to 300 °C, the selection ratio of the silicon dioxide layer grown by PECVD is much greater than that of the silicon nitride layer. Therefore, under high temperature conditions, a certain thickness of silicon dioxide can be used as a mask layer for deep cavity corrosion.

Soft Reduction of a Cast Ingot on the Incomplete Crystallization Stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya I. Cherkashina ◽  
Igor Mazur ◽  
Sergey A. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Metal Forming ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Soft Reduction ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Crystallization Stage

Numerical and physical simulation on model samples can provide data for various aspects of metal forming, without resorting to time-consuming and costly full-scale tests. This paper presents examples of modeling of the deformation of a slab with a liquid core. The use of soft reduction can enhance the homogeneity of the structure, which improves the quality of cast billets. Mathematical modeling is described here where the fluid layer is taken into account by the influence of boundary conditions in the crust in the form of ferrostatic pressure, which allows calculation of the intensity of deformation, total deformation and strain. It also provides a novel method for studying the process of soft reduction. It is based on a physical model of the slab consisting of a closed solid shell made of a calibrated lead shot and the Wood's alloy. To simulate the liquid molten metal, the interior of the shell is filled with gelatin. This approach can be applied to further studies on deformation processes and the penetration of deformation into complex metallic systems.

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