Preparation of MR Fluid and Modeling of Magneto Rheological Fluid Brake (MRB)

Magneto-rheological fluids are smart fluids displaying flow properties that can be adjusted by the introduction of magnetic fields. Conventional brakes require complex mechanical parts to dissipate energy, they are having more weight, produce less braking torque and the time of response is about 300-500 milliseconds and hence brake distance is high. A Magneto-rheological fluid brake is more efficient than conventional braking system in terms of the weight reduction, and response time. In this paper an improved MRB design is made, taking into account the temperature effects and more accurate description of the material properties as well. The proposed work is concerned with the development of a new Brake-by-wire system which employs MRF as working medium. The design procedure comprises the selection of materials for MRB, creating an analytical model for finding the braking torque produced by the MRB and Finite Element Analysis of the MRB. Finite element models are built to provide a means to analyze the performance of the magneto-rheological brake system. The formulation of these models (including the definition of the geometry, material properties, boundary conditions and meshing process, as well as necessary assumptions) are described. The results obtained with the finite element models are presented and analyzed using SolidWorks 2013®and COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3b®.

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Optimal Design of an Hybrid Magnetorheological Brake for Middle-Sized Motorcycles

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.371 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52-54 ◽

pp. 371-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Quoc Hung Nguyen ◽

Jun Cheol Jeon ◽

Seung Bok Choi

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Magnetic Circuit ◽

Optimization Procedure ◽

Zero Field ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Mr Fluid ◽

The Finite Element Analysis ◽

Hybrid Concept ◽

Braking Torque ◽

Magneto Rheological

This research focuses on developing a new configuration and optimal design of magneto-rheological (MR) brake for a middle-sized motorcycle which can replace conventional drum-type brake. The proposed MR brake mechanism utilizes a hybrid concept of magnetic circuit (using both axial and radial magnetic flux) to generate braking force. In the optimization, the required braking torque, the temperature due to zero field friction of MR fluid, the mass of the brake system and all significant geometric dimensions are considered. After a brief introduction of the proposed MR brake configuration, the braking torque is derived based on Herschel-Bulkley rheological model of the MR fluid. The optimal design of the MR brake is then analyzed. An optimization procedure based on the finite element analysis (FEA) integrated with an optimization tool is used to obtain optimal geometric dimensions of the MR brake. From the results, discussions on the performance improvement of the optimized MR brake are described.

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Development of Magnetorheological Brake with Tooth-Shaped Disc for Small Size Motorcycle

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.889.508 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 889 ◽

pp. 508-517

Author(s):

Duc Thang Le ◽

Ngoc Diep Nguyen ◽

Duy Tuan Le ◽

Ngoc Tuyen Nguyen ◽

Van Vinh Pham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Braking Performance ◽

Trapezoidal Shape ◽

Braking Torque ◽

New Type ◽

Magneto Rheological ◽

Magnetic Poles ◽

Multiple Poles

In this research, a new type of magneto-rheological brake (MRB) is proposed for small size motorcycle. The proposed MRB consists of a rotor with multiple trapezoidal teeth acting at multiple magnetic poles of the brake. In order to generate a magnetic field for controlling braking torque, a magnetic coil is placed on each side-housing of the brake. The inner face of each side-housing also has trapezoidal shape mating with the trapezoidal teeth of the rotor via MRF layer. By applying countercurrents to the coils, a magnetic fluid is generated with some magnetic flux going across the MRF layer (MRF duct) between the rotor teeth and their mating poles on the housing. By using multiple poles with trapezoidal shape, a high braking torque of the brake is expected while the size of the brake is still kept to be compacted. After an introduction about the development of MRBs in automotive engineering, the configuration of the proposed MRB is presented and its braking torque is derived based on Bingham rheological model of MRF. The proposed MRB is then optimally designed based on finite element analysis (FEA). Its optimized MRB is then manufactured and its braking performance is experimentally investigated. The MRB is then installed in a prototype motorcycle and the field test of this prototype motorcycle integrated with the MRB is then conducted.

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Real-Time Hybrid Simulation of a Steel MRF with Large Scale Passive Magneto-Rheological Fluid Dampers under Selected Ground Motions

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.3962 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 243-249 ◽

pp. 3962-3965

Author(s):

Cheng Chen ◽

James M. Ricles

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Large Scale ◽

Design Procedure ◽

Efficient Design ◽

Mr Fluid ◽

Moment Resisting Frame ◽

Moment Resisting ◽

Fluid Dampers ◽

Magneto Rheological ◽

Steel Mrf

Experimental evaluation of large scale MR fluid dampers for seismic hazard mitigation in buildings is presented in this paper. A simplified design procedure is applied to design a two-story, four-bay steel moment resisting frame (MRF) prototype structure with MR fluid dampers in passive mode. Real-time hybrid simulations are conducted to experimentally evaluate the performance of the MRF. The simulation results show that the simplified design procedure enables an efficient design to be achieved for an MRF with MR fluid dampers in passive-on mode.

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Design and experimental evaluation a novel magneto-rheological brake with tooth-shaped rotor

Smart Materials and Structures ◽

10.1088/1361-665x/ac38ff ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Van Bien Nguyen ◽

Hiep Dai Le ◽

Quoc Hung Nguyen ◽

Do Qui Duyen ◽

Do Huu Minh Hieu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Power Consumption ◽

Thin Wall ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Single Coil ◽

Compact Size ◽

Braking Torque ◽

Working Principle ◽

Magneto Rheological ◽

Magnetic Poles

Abstract In this study, a novel magnetorheological brake (MRB) with tooth-shape rotor is developed. In this new MRB, traditional cylindrical rotor is replaced by a new one with tooth-shaped rotor. The teeth on the rotor act as multiple magnetic poles of the brake. Two magnetic coils are placed on side-housings of the brake to generate a mutual magnetic field of the MRB. The inner face of each side-housing has tooth shaped features as well. These tooth shaped features interact with the rotor teeth via magnetorheological fluid (MRF) medium. By using the tooth shaped rotor, more interface area between the rotor and the working MRF can be archived, which can improve performance characteristics of the proposed MRB such as compact size, low power consumption and high torque. After an introduction of state of the art of MRB development, the schematics and working principle of the MRB with tooth-shaped rotor is proposed. The modeling of the MRB is then derived based on magnetic finite element analysis (FEA) and Bingham rheological model of MRF. Optimal design of the MRB considering mass and braking torque of the MRB is then conducted. From the optimal design result, it is shown that the mass and power consumption of the proposed MRB are significantly smaller than those of previously developed ones. In details, at high value of the maximum braking torque (100Nm), the proposed MRB mass is only around 31.3% of the mass of the thin-wall single-coil and 42.6% of the mass of the thin-wall double coil MRB. In addition, at small values of the maximum braking torque (5Nm), power consumption of the proposed MRB is only around 33% of that of the thin-wall single-coil and 45.5% of that of the thin-wall double coil MRB. Experimental works on prototypes of the proposed MRB are then performed for validation.

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Design of a New 4-DOF Haptic Master Featuring Magnetorheological Fluid

Advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/843498 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 843498 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Byung-Keun Song ◽

Jong-Seok Oh ◽

Seung-Bok Choi

Keyword(s):

Design Procedure ◽

Optimization Procedure ◽

Planetary Gear ◽

Gear System ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Mr Fluid ◽

Field Dependent ◽

Planetary Gear System ◽

Practical Feasibility ◽

Spatial Limitation

This work presents a novel 4-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) haptic master using magnetorheological (MR) fluid which is applicable to a robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) system. By using MR fluid, the proposed haptic device can easily generate bidirectional repulsive torque along the directions of the required motions. The proposed master consists of two actuators: an MR bidirectional clutch associated with a planetary gear system and an MR clutch with a bevel gear system. After demonstrating the configuration, the torque models of MR actuators are mathematically derived based on the field-dependent Bingham model. An optimal design that accounts for spatial-limitation and the desired torque constraint is then undertaken. An optimization procedure based on finite element analysis is proposed to determine optimal geometric dimensions. Based on the design procedure, MR haptic master with the optimal parameters has been manufactured. In order to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the proposed haptic master, the field-dependent generating repulsive force is measured. In addition, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is empirically implemented to accomplish the desired torque trajectories. It has been shown that the proposed haptic master can track the desired torque trajectory without a significant error.

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MR Based Brake-by-Wire System With Self-Energizing and Brake Energy Harvesting Capability

Volume 8: 26th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise ◽

10.1115/detc2014-35620 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liangyao Yu ◽

Xuhui Liu ◽

Liangxu Ma ◽

Lei Zuo ◽

Jian Song

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Output Power ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Vehicle Speed ◽

Mr Fluid ◽

Damping Control ◽

Single Disk ◽

Torque Analysis ◽

Magneto Rheological ◽

Wire System

Brake-by-wire system is a more compact, more efficient brake system using electromechanical actuators instead of conventional hydraulic actuators. Magneto-rheological (MR) fluid is widely used in damping control due to its outstanding controllable properties. In this paper, an MR based Brake-by-wire system with self-energizing and brake energy harvesting capability was proposed and designed. It combined a typical single-disk-type MR brake with a wedge mechanism for self-energizing purpose, and a generator is employed to conduct regenerative braking and harvest brake energy. The MR brake and generator are located at the inner side of the wheel rim and coupled by compact linkage and axle mechanism. According to the torque analysis of the proposed MR brake, the brake torque was significantly amplified, which means MR fluid can be applied in automotive Brake-by-Wire system with less power consumption. Meanwhile, about 46W output power of the generator can be achieved when braking at an initial vehicle speed of 50km/h. Using a DC/DC convertor, the output power can be used to power the MR brake control circuit or other in-vehicle electronic devices, or charge the on-board low-voltage battery. Simulation results are given according to the proposed design.

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Development of an Automotive Magnetorheological Brake Via Optimization of Magnetic Circuit

Volume 10: Mechanics of Solids and Structures, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/imece2007-44118 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Kerem Karakoc ◽

Afzal Suleman ◽

Edward J. Park

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Yield Stress ◽

Magnetic Circuit ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Rotating Disks ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Mr Fluid ◽

Element Simulation ◽

Braking Torque ◽

The Magnetic Field

In this paper, the development of a novel electromechanical brake is presented for automotive applications. The proposed brake consists of multiple rotating disks immersed into a magnetorheological (MR) fluid, and an enclosed electromagnet. When current is applied to the electromagnet, the MR fluid solidifies as its yield stress varies as a function of the magnetic field applied by the electromagnet. This controllable yield stress produces shear friction on the rotating disks, generating the braking torque. An electromagnetic finite element analysis was performed to optimize the magnetic circuit within the MR brake and obtain its design parameters. With these parameters, a prototype MR brake was built; and the experimental results were compared to the finite element simulation results.

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Development of a compact double-disk magneto-rheological fluid brake

Robotica ◽

10.1017/s0263574707003372 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 493-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Wei Zhou ◽

Chee-Meng Chew ◽

Geok-Soon Hong

Keyword(s):

Circuit Design ◽

Simple Structure ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Parameters Optimization ◽

The Novel ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Mr Fluid ◽

Torque Transmission ◽

Radial Dimension ◽

Magneto Rheological

SUMMARYThis paper describes the development of a novel compact magneto-rheological (MR) fluid brake with high transmitted torque and a simple structure. The MR fluid brake has two shearing disks with an electromagnetic coil located between them. Such a structure enables the brake to have a small radial dimension and a large torque transmission capacity. In the design process, a Bingham viscoplastic model is used to predict the transmitted torque. Electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to assist the magnetic circuit design and structural parameters' optimization. The novel brake design is prototyped and studied. Experimental results show that a compact MR fluid brake with high transmitted torque is successfully achieved.

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Selection of optimal composition of MR fluid for a brake designed using MOGA optimization coupled with magnetic FEA analysis

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x20977905 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1045389X2097790

Author(s):

Subash Acharya ◽

Tak Radhe Shyam Saini ◽

Vishal Sundaram ◽

Hemantha Kumar

Keyword(s):

Optimization Technique ◽

Optimal Composition ◽

Sedimentation Stability ◽

Mr Fluid ◽

Base Oil ◽

Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm ◽

Brake Application ◽

Braking Torque ◽

Braking Process ◽

Selection Of

The design of Magnetorheological (MR) brake and the composition of MR fluid (MRF) used in it have a significant effect on its performance and hence an effort has been made in this study to determine the optimal dimensions of MR brake and composition of MRF suitable for the brake application. Initially, optimum parameters of MR brake were computed considering the properties of commercially available MRF 132DG fluid using multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) optimization. This was performed in MATLAB software coupled with magnetostatic analyses in ANSYS APDL software. The braking torque of designed MR brake utilizing MRF 132DG fluid was experimentally determined and validated with analytical ones. Further, selection of optimal composition of MRF was done considering In-house MRF samples composed of different combinations of particle mass fractions, mean particle diameters and base oil viscosities. A design of experiments (DOE) technique was employed and braking torque corresponding to the synthesized MRF samples at different speeds and current supplied were measured along with the variation of shaft speed during braking process. Grounded on the experimental results, using MOGA optimization technique, MRF composed of smaller sized iron particles (2.91 microns) with mass fraction of 80.95% and lower viscosity base oil (50 cSt) was selected as optimal composition of MRF for use in MR brake. Maximization of field induced braking torque and minimization of off-state torque were chosen as the objective functions for both the optimal design of MR brake and selection of optimal composition of MRF. Finally, the sedimentation stability of MRFs were investigated.

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