Investigation on Material Selection in Missan Oilfields Similar Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Shuang Cheng ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Pei Long Yang ◽  
Pei Ke Zhu ◽  
Jin Gen Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Service Condition ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chrome Steel

This paper analyzed the corrosion environment of Missan oilfields and investigated the oilfield country tubular goods used in other similar oilfields. Summarized the effect of partial pressure ratio of H2S/CO2 and Cl-to the corrosion behavior of OCTG. This paper concluded the service condition, test results and anti-corrosion mechanism of carbon steel, low-chrome steel, modified martensitic stainless steel and nickel alloy. Finally arrived at conclusion that the nickel alloy can meet the requirement of Missan oilfields, some literature reported that the modified martensitic stainless steel can apply in H2S/CO2 environment. In the condition that be easy to replace the tubular, carbon steel and low-chrome steel tubular can meet the requirement with corrosion inhibitor.

Design of Vehicle Compression Springs for Optimum Performance in their Service Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniekan E. Ikpe ◽  
Ikechukwu Owunna
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Service Condition ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Compression Spring ◽  
Von Mises

Helical compression spring plays a vital role in vehicle application as it improves ride index, sustains the vehicle against extreme degrees of vibration and stress induced on the suspension system as a result of uneven road. Depending on the extent of load acting on the suspension system, material selection, design considerations and manufacturing processes, longevity and performance of the spring may be sustained, otherwise the spring may fail prematurely under severe loading condition. In this study, compression spring was designed using high carbon steel, stainless steel and chrome vanadium steel and the designed spring models were simulated for maximum Von-mises stress, maximum resultant displacement and resultant strain. Curb weight of the vehicle was considered in the analysis which involves the weight of the car with all fluids and components but without the driver, passengers, and cargo. At the end of the simulation, the three materials remained within the limit of their elasticity without any significant sign of failure under the applied load of 3888N. However, the difference between Von-mises stress obtained for Chrome vanadium and its yield strength was the highest (653MPa) followed by stainless steel (235MPa) before high carbon steel (109MPa). This implies that at increasing loading conditions, high carbon steel will be the first material to fail during operation, whereas, stainless steel and chrome vanadium may exhibit sustained level of longevity before failure as a result of the high chromium content and other alloying elements that gives them a better quality but at relatively high cost compared to high carbon steel which can satisfactorily undergo its service condition at relatively low cost.

Limitations of Corrosion Resistant Alloy in High CO2 Gas Production Systems: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Rodriguez ◽  
Susana Gómez ◽  
Ngoc Tran Dinh ◽  
Giovanni Ortuño ◽  
Narendra Borole
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
High Co2

Abstract The paper presents the application of a holistic approach to corrosion prediction that overcomes classical pitfalls in corrosion testing and modelling at high pressure, high temperature and high CO2 conditions. Thermodynamic modelling of field and lab conditions allows for more accurate predictions by a novel CO2/H2S general corrosion model validated by laboratory tests. In the proposed workflow, autoclave tests at high pressure and temperature are designed after modeling corrosion in a rigorous thermodynamic framework including fluid-dynamic modelling; the modeled steps include preparation, gas loading and heating of fluid samples at high CO2 concentration, and high flow velocities. An autoclave setup is proposed and validated to simultaneously test different conditions. Corrosion rates are extrapolated to compute service life of the materials and guide material selection. The results from the model and tests extend the application of selected stainless steel grade beyond the threshold conditions calculated by simplistic models and guidelines. Consideration of fugacities and true aqueous compositions allows for accurate thermodynamic representation of field conditions. Computation by rigorous fluid dynamics of shear stress, multiphase flow and heat transfer effects inside completion geometry lead to a proper interpretation of corrosion mechanisms and models to apply. In the case study used to showcase the workflow, conventional stainless steel is validated for most of the tubing. It is observed that some sections of the system in static condition are not exposed to liquid water, allowing for safe use of carbon steel, while as for other critical parts, more noble materials are deemed necessary. Harsh environments pose a challenge to the application of conventional steel materials. The workflow applied to the case study allows accurate representation and application of materials in its application limit region, allowing for safe use of carbon steel or less noble stainless steels in those areas of the completion where corrosion is limited by multiphase fluid-dynamics, heat transfer or the both. The approximation is validated for real case study under high CO2 content, and is considered also valid in the transportation of higher amounts of CO2, for example, in CCUS activities.

Feasibility Study on Optimisation of Material Selection for High Temperature Sour Gas Producer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Helmi Nordin ◽  
M. Wahidullah Moh Wahi ◽  
Amresh Sashidharan ◽  
Nurfuzaini A. Karim ◽  
Alif Syahrizad Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Selection For

Abstract K field is a green field in East Malaysia with prolific gas reserves that is being developed with six high rate gas producing wells from high temperature (190 °C) carbonate reservoir. Tubular material feasibility study is one of the key subjects of scrutiny when it comes to completing wells in high temperature environment coupled with existence of significant level of H2S and CO2 contents. Material testing was conducted at the specified test environments (102 bar CO2 + 120ppm H2S) and load cases to assess susceptibility of Martensitic Stainless Steel to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC), corrosion rate and compatibility with completion brine. The aim was to optimize the material selection that is fit for purpose (lower completion and flow-wetted area of production casing) and reduce well cost up to USD 2.5 million. The base case of material selection for flow-wetted section is 17CR110 ksi, which meets the design requirements of these wells based on fit for purpose test conducted in the data base. Flow-wetted section in this case is production liner and flow-wetted section of production casing below production packer. Super 13CR -110 ksi and 15CR125 ksi material grades were considered for design optimization for this section of interest. Four Point Bend Method was used for SCC test sets while weight loss method for corrosion rate measurement. For brine compatibility test, calcium bromide (without additive) was used as test solution for 17CR 110 ksi, 15CR 125 ksi and Super 13CR -110 ksi with elevated temperature of 190 °C. Post-test assessment was conducted by visual examination by stereomicroscope to check for surface indication and dye-penetrant examination to determine any indication of cracks. It was observed that the Super 13CR -110 ksi and 15CR 125 ksi test specimens survived the test with no pitting observed. Meanwhile, test specimens were weighed to determine corrosion rates, resulted to Super 13CR -110 ksi sample having an average corrosion rate of 0.2195 mm/year. This translates to less than 30% weight loss throughout well production life and therefore accepted for open-hole production liner and production casing flow-wetted section. Key enabler in this design optimization effort is the understanding of the Stress Corrosion Cracking for martensitic stainless steel in high temperature sour environment where commonly, martensitic stainless steel (Super 13Cr / Modified Super 13Cr) working temperature is 165 °C. The test manages to extend the working temperature up to 190 °C.

The Strength of Thick Cylinders Subjected to Repeated Internal Pressure

1960 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. M. Morrison ◽  
B. Crossland ◽  
J. S. C. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Light Alloy ◽  
Chrome Steel

In April, 1956, the authors presented to The Institution of Mechanical Engineers a paper entitled “Fatigue Under Triaxial Stress: Development of a Testing Machine and Preliminary Results,” and in September, 1956, a supplementary paper was presented to the International Conference on the “Fatigue of Metals.” These papers reported tests carried out on cylinders made from a 2 1/2 per cent Ni-Cr-Mo steel, which were subjected to (up to) ten million repetitions of internal oil pressure of (up to) 45,000 psi. Since the publication of these papers a considerable amount of testing has been carried out on cylinders made from a carbon steel, a 3 per cent chrome steel, an austenitic stainless steel, a light alloy, a nearly pure titanium, the Ni-Cr-Mo steel in a harder state, and both the Ni-Cr-Mo steel and the chrome steel in the nitrided condition. In addition, many tests of more academic significance have been carried out on the Ni-Cr-Mo steel in an attempt to achieve a better understanding of the extraordinary results which have been obtained. This paper is concerned mainly with the presentation of the results (supported, of course, by ancillary tests on each material), which are of importance in design. Points of academic interest are discussed only when they are relevant to the practical problem. In order to make the paper reasonably self-contained, a brief summary of the previous work is given, together with a short description of the machine which has been developed for this work.

Development of New Design Fatigue Curves in Japan: Discussion of Effect of Surface Finish on Fatigue Strength of Nuclear Component Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoki Nakane ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Hisamitsu Hatoh ◽  
Masato Yamamoto ◽  
Akihiko Hirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nuclear Component ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation

Abstract Based on the world wide fatigue test database, The Design Fatigue Curve (DFC) Phase 1 and 2 subcommittees established in The Japan Welding Engineering Society (JWES) have been developed new design fatigue curves which are applied for the nuclear component materials, in air environment. The effects of the design factor, such as mean stress, size effect and surface finish, etc. on the fatigue curves are also discussed with the fatigue database in order to construct fatigue evaluation method for the new design fatigue curves. The subcommittees also have studied the applicability of newly developed fatigue evaluation method to the nuclear component materials. This paper reports the fatigue test results of machined finished small-scale test specimens which are used for the verification of proposed fatigue evaluation method. The materials subjected to the fatigue tests are austenitic stainless steel SUS316LTP, low-alloy steels SQV2A and SCM435H, and carbon steel STPT370. Specimens finished with lathe machining are subjected to the tests. The planed maximum height roughness of the specimen are 25 and 100 μm. The fatigue test results show that the surface finish effect on the fatigue strength in the high cycle region of the austenitic stainless steel can be negligible. On the other hand, fatigue strength of the carbon steel and low alloy steel is decreased as increasing the surface roughness of the specimen. Especially, decrease of fatigue strength for the specimens with more than 100 μm maximum height roughness is larger than that of conventional estimation. It is presumed that severe roughness introduced by lathe machining tends to behave as notches and increase the stress concentration at the specimen surface, and resulted in unexpected decrease of fatigue strength.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Erosion-Corrosion Performance of AISI 1018 Carbon Steel and AISI 304L Stainless Steel 90-Degree Elbow Pipe

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khan ◽  
Ya ◽  
Pao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Slug Flow ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304L ◽  
Aisi 304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Erosion Corrosion

Erosion-corrosion is an unavoidable material degradation process in flow pipelines transporting abrasive particles with carrier fluids. In this study, the multiphase flow loop apparatus is employed to assess the erosion-corrosion behavior and mechanism relative to AISI 1018 carbon steel (CS) and AISI 304L stainless steel (SS) 90° long radius elbows with the inner diameter of 50.8 mm. Fine silica sand of 50 µm average size was used as a dispersed phase and erosion-corrosion tests were conducted for slug flow conditions. The erosion-corrosion analysis of 90° elbows was determined from its surface morphologies before and after the experiment using confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The direct mass loss was measured to quantify the erosion-corrosion rate of the elbow configurations. Additionally, multilayer paint modeling experiments were performed to relate qualitative inferences on erosion distribution and location with the erosion-corrosion mechanism. It was observed that the erosion or corrosion pitting mechanism prevailed on the 1018 CS elbow surface, and the 304L SS displayed excellent erosion-corrosion resistance properties. Moreover, the erosion-corrosion rate was found to be 4.12 times more in the 1018 CS compared to the 304L SS with the maximum particle impaction identified at the exit of the horizontal-horizontal (H-H) 90° elbow for slug flow.

scholarly journals Microstructural and Wear Properties of Annealed Medium Carbon Steel Plate (EN8) Cladded with Martensitic Stainless Steel (AISI410)

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Shubrajit Bhaumik ◽  
Manidipto Mukherjee ◽  
Parijat Sarkar ◽  
Anish Nayek ◽  
Viorel Paleu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Pin On Disc

Limited work on the wear properties of martensitic stainless-steel weld clads initiated this work which included investigations on microstructural and wear properties of cladded AISI 410 (filler wire)/EN 8 plates (substrate). Three layers of martensitic stainless steel (AISI 410) were deposited using metal inert gas (MIG) welding on medium carbon steel (EN 8) achieving a 51.5 ± 2.35 HRC of top layer. The elemental and phase fractions of the cladded layers indicated 98% martensite phase and retained austenite (2%). About 40% dilution was observed between EN 8 and the first weld layer. The results of tests carried out on pin on disc tribometer revealed an enhancement of anti-wear life of the martensitic weld cladded EN 8 by three times that of uncladded EN 8. The uncladded EN 8 plate suffered severe damage and high wear, leading to its failure at 478 s. The failure of the uncladded EN 8 sample was identified by the occurrence of high vibration of the pin on disc tribometer which ultimately stopped the tribometer. On the other hand, the cladded EN 8 sample continued running for 3600 s, exhibiting normal wear. After the tribo test, the surfaces of the pins of both cladded and uncladded EN 8 were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D profilometer. The surface characterization of tribo pairs indicated ploughing and galling to be the primary wear mechanisms. The average grain size of top and middle layer was in the range of 2–3.5 µm, while the base metal showed 5.02 µm mean grain size, resulting in higher hardness of clad layers than base metal, also favoring better wear resistance of the cladded EN 8 samples as compared to uncladded EN 8 samples.

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