The Design of Control System of Cursor Movement Based EEG

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems support direct communication and control between brain and external devices without use of peripheral nerves system and muscles. BCI can convert electro-encephalogram (EEG) to the control signal to try repairing function for patients. So the study of BCI can improve the life quality of the patients. This system acquires EEG signals due to the left/right hand motor imagery among the normal subjects. For the processing of motor imagery EEG, we adopt the feature extraction method of second order moment in specific frequency band and the feature classification of linear discriminate analysis. Through the analysis of motor imagery EEG, we convert the data results into external control signal to control the movement of the cursor displayed on the computer. The experimental results show that the EEG analysis method makes it feasible and effective for disabled patients communicating with the outside world, and provides the basis for further study of brain-machine interface. Keywords: EEG; motor imagery; cursor movement; second-order moment.

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THE INFLUENCE OF PHASE COILS’ INDUCTANCE EFFECT ON REACTION-WHEEL ACCURACY

MECHANICS OF GYROSCOPIC SYSTEMS ◽

10.20535/0203-377126201330673 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Ю. М. Маринич ◽

Ю. М. Гуменюк

Keyword(s):

Rapid Development ◽

Control Signal ◽

External Control ◽

Control Law ◽

Control Loop ◽

Reaction Wheel ◽

Wide Range ◽

Modulation Control ◽

And Control ◽

Element Base

Rapid development of space technologies and their entrance to nano-level pulls out new demands for corresponding element base for manufacturing highly effective systems for angular control of the satellites. One of the most wide spread methods of angular stabilization and orientation of the space craft are systems in which reaction wheels are executive parts.While a control loop is being designed the main demand for a reaction wheel is to ensure that external control signal is proportional to created reaction momentum within all the rpm range of reaction wheel rotor.This article is dedicated to provision of control law stability for reaction wheel, built on the base of brushless direct current motor with slotless stator and pulse-duration modulation control with single PDM inverter for all the phases, for wide range of rpm by compensating phase coils’ inductance effect. Introduced approach allows compensating reaction wheel phase coils’ inductance effect on control law with preassigned accuracy and provides proportionality of reaction momentum of reaction-wheel and control signal within all the range of rpm for reaction wheel rotor.

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Nonlinear Analysis of Visual Evoked Potentials Elicited by Color Stimulation

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1636871 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 36 (04/05) ◽

pp. 315-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Momose ◽

K. Komiya ◽

A. Uchiyama

Keyword(s):

Visual System ◽

Evoked Potentials ◽

Visual Evoked Potentials ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Second Order ◽

First Order ◽

The Relationship ◽

Perceived Color ◽

Second Order Nonlinearity ◽

Visual Evoked

Abstract:The relationship between chromatically modulated stimuli and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) was considered. VEPs of normal subjects elicited by chromatically modulated stimuli were measured under several color adaptations, and their binary kernels were estimated. Up to the second-order, binary kernels obtained from VEPs were so characteristic that the VEP-chromatic modulation system showed second-order nonlinearity. First-order binary kernels depended on the color of the stimulus and adaptation, whereas second-order kernels showed almost no difference. This result indicates that the waveforms of first-order binary kernels reflect perceived color (hue). This supports the suggestion that kernels of VEPs include color responses, and could be used as a probe with which to examine the color visual system.

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How to Measure and Control Corruption

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2007-1-4-10 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 4-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Satarov

Keyword(s):

Social Knowledge ◽

External Control ◽

Main Method ◽

Economic Transformations ◽

Business Corruption ◽

And Control

Two aspects of the problem of corruption are discussed in the article. The first one concerns the evaluation of the level of corruption. The method of measuring the size of business corruption market is described. The specifics of its estimation as well as its relation with the main macroeconomic indexes are discussed. The second aspect regards the strategies of corruption reduction. The importance of establishing external control over the bureaucracy is noted. The failure of institutions transplantation as the main method of economic transformations is pointed out. The gaps in social knowledge are discussed, which decrease effectiveness of institutional borrowings.

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Insights into the combination of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and motor imagery in a training-based approach

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-020-04582-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amandine Bouguetoch ◽

Alain Martin ◽

Sidney Grosprêtre

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Motor Imagery ◽

Neural Plasticity ◽

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Muscle Architecture ◽

Fascicle Length ◽

Before And After ◽

V Wave ◽

And Control

Abstract Introduction Training stimuli that partially activate the neuromuscular system, such as motor imagery (MI) or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), have been previously shown as efficient tools to induce strength gains. Here the efficacy of MI, NMES or NMES + MI trainings has been compared. Methods Thirty-seven participants were enrolled in a training program of ten sessions in 2 weeks targeting plantar flexor muscles, distributed in four groups: MI, NMES, NMES + MI and control. Each group underwent forty contractions in each session, NMES + MI group doing 20 contractions of each modality. Before and after, the neuromuscular function was tested through the recording of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), but also electrophysiological and mechanical responses associated with electrical nerve stimulation. Muscle architecture was assessed by ultrasonography. Results MVC increased by 11.3 ± 3.5% in NMES group, by 13.8 ± 5.6% in MI, while unchanged for NMES + MI and control. During MVC, a significant increase in V-wave without associated changes in superimposed H-reflex has been observed for NMES and MI, suggesting that neural adaptations occurred at supraspinal level. Rest spinal excitability was increased in the MI group while decreased in the NMES group. No change in muscle architecture (pennation angle, fascicle length) has been found in any group but muscular peak twitch and soleus maximal M-wave increased in the NMES group only. Conclusion Finally, MI and NMES seem to be efficient stimuli to improve strength, although both exhibited different and specific neural plasticity. On its side, NMES + MI combination did not provide the expected gains, suggesting that their effects are not simply cumulative, or even are competitive.

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A novel method for the Doppler-shift correction of the measure and control signal

2012 2nd International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet) ◽

10.1109/cecnet.2012.6202122 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Fang Zhang ◽

Jia Liu ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Huiling Guo ◽

Nannan Gai

Keyword(s):

Doppler Shift ◽

Control Signal ◽

Novel Method ◽

And Control

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Method for Measuring the Second-Order Moment of Atmospheric Turbulence

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12050564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 564

Author(s):

Hong Shen ◽

Longkun Yu ◽

Xu Jing ◽

Fengfu Tan

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Turbulence ◽

Weighting Function ◽

Structure Constant ◽

Turbulence Models ◽

Second Order ◽

Index Structure ◽

Order Moment ◽

Site Testing ◽

Optical Effects ◽

Novel Method

The turbulence moment of order m (μm) is defined as the refractive index structure constant Cn2 integrated over the whole path z with path-weighting function zm. Optical effects of atmospheric turbulence are directly related to turbulence moments. To evaluate the optical effects of atmospheric turbulence, it is necessary to measure the turbulence moment. It is well known that zero-order moments of turbulence (μ0) and five-thirds-order moments of turbulence (μ5/3), which correspond to the seeing and the isoplanatic angles, respectively, have been monitored as routine parameters in astronomical site testing. However, the direct measurement of second-order moments of turbulence (μ2) of the whole layer atmosphere has not been reported. Using a star as the light source, it has been found that μ2 can be measured through the covariance of the irradiance in two receiver apertures with suitable aperture size and aperture separation. Numerical results show that the theoretical error of this novel method is negligible in all the typical turbulence models. This method enabled us to monitor μ2 as a routine parameter in astronomical site testing, which is helpful to understand the characteristics of atmospheric turbulence better combined with μ0 and μ5/3.

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An Automatic Aggregator of Power Flexibility in Smart Buildings Using Software Based Orchestration

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21030867 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 867

Author(s):

Dharmendra Sharma ◽

Jari Rehu ◽

Klaus Känsälä ◽

Heikki Ailisto

Keyword(s):

Control Signal ◽

External Control ◽

Data Logging ◽

Building Energy Management ◽

Hardware System ◽

Temperature Thresholds ◽

Grid Environments ◽

End Use ◽

Maintenance Requirements ◽

Control And Management

This paper presents a software-based modular and hierarchical building energy management system (BEMS) to control the power consumption in sensor-equipped buildings. In addition, the need of this type of solution is also highlighted by presenting the worldwide trends of thermal energy end use in buildings and peak power problems. Buildings are critical component of smart grid environments and bottom-up BEMS solutions are need of the hour to optimize the consumption and to provide consumption side flexibility. This system is able to aggregate the controls of the all-controllable resources in building to realize its flexible power capacity. This system provides a solution for consumer to aggregate the controls of ‘behind-the-meter’ small loads in short response and provide ‘deep’ demand-side flexibility. This system is capable of discovery, status check, control and management of networked loads. The main novelty of this solution is that it can handle the heterogeneity of the installed hardware system along with time bound changes in the load device network and its scalability; resulting in low maintenance requirements after deployment. The control execution latency (including data logging) of this BEMS system for an external control signal is less than one second per connected load. In addition, the system is capable of overriding the external control signal in order to maintain consumer coziness within the comfort temperature thresholds. This system provides a way forward in future for the estimation of the energy stored in the buildings in the form of heat/temperature and use buildings as temporary batteries when electricity supply is constrained or abundant.

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Macular vessel density and foveal avascular zone parameters in patients after acute primary angle closure determined by OCT angiography

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-73223-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kangcheng Liu ◽

Huizhuo Xu ◽

Haibo Jiang ◽

Hua Wang ◽

Pingbao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Angle Closure ◽

Acute Primary Angle Closure ◽

Primary Angle Closure ◽

Circularity Index ◽

Avascular Zone ◽

And Control

Abstract This study analyzed the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) macular parameters in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients after acute primary angle closure (APAC) episodes. Thirty-three patients with 33 APAC eyes and 33 primary angle closure suspect (PACS) eyes and 33 age-matched normal subjects (controls) were enrolled. Macular vessel density (VD) in central, inner, outer and full regions and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters (area, perimeter and circularity index) were compared between APAC, PACS, and control eyes. For resolved APAC eyes, the VD in each macular region was significantly lower than that in control eyes, with less central and inner macular VD than PACS eyes. The central macular VD was significantly lower in PACS eyes than in controls. There was no difference in FAZ area and perimeter between APAC, PACS, and control eyes. FAZ circularity was highest in control eyes, followed by PACS eyes, and lowest in APAC eyes. The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of FAZ circularity were 0.944, 93.9% and 84.8%, respectively, in APAC eyes and 0.881, 84.8% and 81.8%, respectively, in PACS eyes. Therefore, FAZ circularity had the best discrimination capability for detecting both APAC and PACS eyes. Macular assessment with OCTA could provide an accurate early-stage diagnostic tool for PACG.

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