Research on Evaluation Method of Occupant Neck Injury in Whiplash Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Hai Ming Gu ◽  
Lei Lou ◽  
Chao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Research On Evaluation ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
The Relationship

As road traffic becomes more and more crowed nowadays, rear impact has become one of the most common forms of traffic accident. According to a survey, up to 78.2% of rear impact can cause occupant neck injury. Up to now, E-NCAP, J-NCAP, IIHS and C-NCAP have set whiplash test in officially. But because of the uncertainty of injury mechanism, none of the countries has reached an agreement on the evaluation method of occupant neck injury. Comparison and analysis of whiplash evaluation methods are made, from aspects of collision waveform, speed, evaluation criteria, calculation method, criteria limit, etc. The annual C-NCAP whiplash tests are set as statistical sample and an analysis of the relationship between lost points and influential factors is carried out in order to find the part that needs to be perfected. Finally, effective suggestions are put forward for the improvement of evaluation method of occupant neck injury in whiplash test.

The relationship of seat backrest angle and neck injury in low-velocity rear impacts

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (11) ◽  
pp. 1293-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Latchford ◽  
E C Chirwa ◽  
T Chen ◽  
M Mao
Keyword(s):  
Close Correlation ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Cervical Spine Injuries ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Test Specifications ◽  
Lower Neck ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Car-rear-impact-induced cervical spine injuries present a serious burden on society and, in response, seats offering enhanced protection have been introduced. Seats are evaluated for neck protection performance but only at one specific backrest angle, whereas in the real world this varies greatly owing to the variation in occupant physique. Changing the backrest angle modifies the seat geometry and thereby the nature of its interaction with the occupant. Low-velocity rear-impact tests on a BioRID II anthropomorphic test dummy (ATD) have shown that changes in backrest angle have a significant proportionate effect on dummy kinematics. A close correlation was found between changes in backrest angle and the responses of neck injury predictors such as lower neck loading and lower neck shear but not for the neck injury criterion NICmax. Torso ramping was evident, however, with negligible effect in low-velocity impacts. The backrest angle ranged from 20° to 30° whereas the BioRID II spine was adapted to a range from 20° to 26.5°. Nevertheless, in general, instrumentation outputs correlated well, indicating that this ATD could be used for evaluating seats over a 20–30° range rather than solely at 25° as required by current approval test specifications.

Similarities and differences between virtual and actual pants

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zulaikha Binti Zulkifli ◽  
KyoungOk Kim ◽  
Masayuki Takatera
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study aimed to clarify the criteria for subjective evaluation of the similarities and differences between virtual and actual pants and propose a quantitative evaluation method for those similarities and differences based on geometric features related to the evaluation.Design/methodology/approachUsing patterns, we made five pairs of actual pants for a dummy in five fabrics. We simulated virtual pants with a 3-D simulator. Sensory evaluation was conducted with images of the virtual and actual pants: 20 participants compared the images based on a questionnaire. For the structure of evaluation, the authors undertook analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The actual and virtual pants were geometrically compared using the 3-D scanned data. To investigate the relationship between quantitative and sensory evaluation, the authors calculated the correlation coefficients.FindingsThe authors found that subjects perceived the differences between actual and simulated pants. When comparing the virtual and actual pants, the criteria for the differences were the silhouette from the front view, hem width, waist and wrinkles. Using differences in the hem width, it would be possible to evaluate the differences between actual and simulated pants. Roughness and smoothness of the silhouette also affected evaluation.Originality/valueThe authors clarified the evaluation criteria for the similarities and differences between virtual and actual pants. The authors proposed a quantitative evaluation method for the similarities and differences between virtual and actual garment based on our criteria. This study will be of benefit to 3-D simulator users and developers.

Logistics Infrastructure Network Evaluation Method Research Based on Logistics Resource Integration in Railway Logistics Enterprises

2014 ◽  
Vol 933 ◽  
pp. 941-946
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xiao Ning Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Logistics Network ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Infrastructure Network ◽  
Logistics Enterprises ◽  
The Relationship

In view of logistics resources integration, this paper introduces an evaluation method of logistics network infrastructure in railway logistics enterprises. The comprehensive evaluation model is established according to the aspects which demonstrate several key indexes and the relationship between them. To illustrate the effectiveness of the above method and the application of the proposed model, a case is studied that verifies the importance of the research in the logistics theory and practice. It presents an evaluation criteria and evaluation model of logistics infrastructure network. The computational results indicate that the evaluation method in selected case is in decent rank.

scholarly journals Road Traffic Accident Mortality and Economic Development: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirsad Kulović ◽  
Belma Dogdibegović-Kovač
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Mortality ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between the relevant parameters of traffic safety and the most important parameter of economic development, gross domestic product. In particular, the paper estimates the effects of the model of the rate of motorization and road traffic mortality in relation to the number of inhabitants and the number of motor vehicles, which are further used for the projection of mortality and the number of motor vehicles by 2030.

Research on Evaluation of Mental Stress Level Using a Modified Duffing Oscillator

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Miyago ◽  
Kenyu Uehara ◽  
Koji Mori ◽  
Takashi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Arousal Level ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Research On Evaluation ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship

The decrease of arousal level has led to serious accidents in driving and operation of machine. A system to accurately evaluate arousal level in real time is required to prevent such accidents. In this paper, we examined whether parameters of the mathematical model, which are determined in each time shifting window using EEG data could be used as a method to evaluate the arousal level. The modified Duffing oscillator was proposed as a mathematical model to perform simplified parameters calculation and identification. It was applied to EEG data, which is obtained by EEG acquisition experimentation in alternative repeat of relaxed and concentrated state. As a result of the parameters identification in theta band, alpha band, beta band, and 4–30 Hz band, it is shown that each parameter is repeating increase and decrease with time progress of each experiment. Especially, the relationship between the conventional arousal level and parameter B, which is the coefficient of the proportional term in the modified Duffing oscillator shows a significant correlation. It is suggested that parameter B of the modified Duffing oscillator would evaluate the arousal level. Since this evaluation method of arousal level does not require analyzing for each band, it can be used to calculate the arousal level in real time.

scholarly journals (A18) The Influence of Status and the Patterns of Driving License Ownership Toward the Gradation of Open Fractures According to Sardjito Scoring System Suffered by Motorcycles Accident Patients in Emergency Department of Saiful Anwar General Hospital from April to June 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s5-s5
Author(s):  
T. Maharani ◽  
A. Haedar
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving License ◽  
Traffic Law ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction3880 fracture patients are admitted in the Emergency Department of Saiful Anwar General Hospital from January to August 2009. It signifies to the second place of the cause of patients' admission. Most cases are motorcyclist victims from road traffic accident. Driving license is encouraged by the government to reduce the number of road traffic accident victims.MethodsThis study utilizes observational with cross sectional study and purposive sampling to correlate the relationship between status of motorcycle driving license ownership and the obedience of traffic law, the relationship between the patterns of motorcycle driving license ownership and the obedience of traffic law, and the relationship between the obedience towards traffic law and the gradation of open fractures among motorcyclist victims in accordance with Sardjito Scoring system.ResultsMost patients have no driving license. And those who has driving license, mostly have never undergone driving license test. Patients with open fractures of cruris come with severe Sardjito scoring system, open fractures of antebrachii with moderate Sardjito scoring system, and open fractures of femur with moderate Sardjito scoring system.DiscussionIt is strongly related between the ownership of driving license and road traffic accidents. The most road traffic accidents cases of are open fractures of cruris, open fractures of antebrachii, and open fractures of femur respectively. High obedience and strict use of personal protective equipment (safety helmet, glove, and jacket) would be effective in mitigating road traffic accident injuries.

Determinant Factors of Student's Perception Toward Educational Loan Repayment

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Siti Zulaika Zolkeplee ◽  
Abu Bakar Hamed ◽  
Ahamad Faosiy Ogunbado
Keyword(s):  
Parental Influence ◽  
Student Loan ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Education Fund ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Universiti Utara Malaysia ◽  
Survey Approach

The issue of unpayable educational loan that lead to student’s defaults has become a worrying trend all over the world. This research aims to examine the relationship of anxiety, parental influence, media awareness, and religiosity on student’s perception on educational loan repayment. A survey approach has been adopted to investigate student’s perception on educational loan repayment in Universiti Utara Malaysia. The data for this study were collected via structured questionnaires which were completed by 359 undergraduate Muslim’s students who acquire their financial loan from National Higher Education Fund Corporation (NHEFC). The data were then quantitatively analyzed using SPSS program. The findings of Pearson’s correlation showed a positive correlation between student’s perception towards educational loan repayment and religiosity, parental influence, media awareness, and anxiety. Further analysis using a multiple regression indicated that all independent variables explained 32.9 per cent of student’s perception on educational loan repayment. The result again indicated that religiosity and parent’s influence are most influential factors on student’s perception towards educational loan repayment. Whilst, media awareness slightly contributed to student’s perception towards educational loan repayment and anxiety gave no impact. The result implied that the Ministry of Education may design the syllabus in school and university curricular by adding the value of responsibility in loan repayment especially in religious and moral subjects. Besides, the Ministry Education of Malaysia are also urged to use media to disseminate the information regarding the importance for students to make loan repayment to parents as well as students. The collection of student loan then can be used for the next generation in financing their study which could result the prosperity of nation.

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