Study on Fresh Air Demand of a Long Highway Tunnel

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 5084-5088
Author(s):  
Chao Ding ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Research Findings

On the basis of a long highway tunnel, this paper has worked out different fresh air demands in tunnel under various conditions—different driving speed; renewal of vehicles; different combination of motor vehicle emission standards; emission of NOx considered or not considered. From three aspects (calculation methodology, exhaust emission, design concentrations of pollutants) this paper has made a comparative analysis between the results calculated according to JTJ026.1-1999 and PIARC2007. The research findings show that there still exists a huge gap between JTJ026.1-1999 and PIARC2007. Domestic specifications should be adjusted and improved in terms of exhaust emissions and design concentrations of pollutants, so as to achieve the purpose of determining reasonable fresh air demand.

Exhaust Emissions From a 1,500 kW EMD 16-645-E Locomotive Diesel Engine Using Several Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuels

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Fritz ◽  
John C. Hedrick ◽  
Brian E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ◽  
Aromatic Content ◽  
Low Sulfur

This paper documents results from an experimental study performed to determine the effects of several ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels (< 15 ppm S) on exhaust emissions from a 1,500 kW EMD 16-645-E, roots-blown, diesel locomotive engine. U.S. EPA-regulated emission levels of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate (PM) were measured using U.S. EPA locomotive test procedures while operating on four ULSD fuels, plus a fifth baseline fuel which was a commercially-available Federal on-highway diesel fuel (< 500 ppm). The four ULSD fuels were (1) a ULSD California motor vehicle diesel fuel (CARB fuel) with an aromatic content of less than 10 percent, (2) a ULSD “equivalent” California motor vehicle diesel fuel with an aromatic content of 24 percent, (3 and 4) two custom blended “2006 ULSD Federal” diesel fuels with relatively low Cetane Numbers and higher aromatic levels. This paper reports the changes observed in the regulated exhaust emission levels between the ULSD CARB diesel fuels and the ULSD Federal diesel fuels.

scholarly journals Measurement of rail vehicles exhaust emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalina Kamińska ◽  
Daniel Kołodziejek ◽  
Natalia Szymlet ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Rafał Grzeszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Exhaust Fumes

The exhaust emission standards in force in various parts of the world for off-road vehicles are becoming more and more stringent. Therefore, research on the compounds of harmful exhaust fumes emitted by vehicles of this category is constantly being researched and activities aimed at limiting them are constantly being carried out. The basic problem in terms of measuring exhaust emissions is the approval tests of traction vehicles, which are carried out on engine dynamome-ters. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain reliable results concerning their actual impact on the natural environment. It is therefore advisable to carry out the tests in real operation conditions, as is the case for road vehicles for which RDE (Real Driving Emissions) tests are carried out. The latest Stage V emission standards push for the introduction of this type of test, but no limit values for toxic exhaust gases have been established and no test guidelines have been defined for as-sessing actual emissions. This article describes the issues related to the legislative guidelines for non-road vehicles in force in Europe, as well as the measurement tools used, such as mobile equipment for measuring emissions of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) and newly developed emission gates.

scholarly journals Histopathological Study of Benzene Exhaust Emission Effect on Organs of White Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
H. A. Naji
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Emission Effect

The study designed on (20) white rats, the animals divided into (2) groups. The first group contains (10) rats act as a control group, the second group contain (10) rats act as a treated group, for (24) days continuously. The animals received for 1/4 hours per day to the benzene exhaust emissions which result from a motor vehicle. The study showed that benzene emission cause damage and severe toxicity in the tissue of lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and testis.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Catalytic Converter Dari Bahan Kuningan Dengan Ketebalan 0,3 mm Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang Kendaraan Pada Motor Honda Supra 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Budiyono Budiyono
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission

There are two methods to reduce exhaust emissions in a motorized vehicle, namely by improving fuel and motorbike technology in such a way that better combustion occurs and produces lower emissions and by the addition of exhaust emission control devices or devices. Catalytic Converter is a device used as an exhaust gas emission control that is placed after the exhaust manifold on a motor vehicle exhaust system. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of the use of catalytic converters of brass material to reduce CO and HC gas levels in motor vehicles. Tests carried out using a gas analyzer to determine the value of CO and HC concentrations. Exhaust gas testing is carried out in two stages, namely exhaust emission test with standard exhaust and exhaust emission test with catalytic converter with variations of engine speed 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000 rpm, 3500 rpm, 4000 rpm. From the results of the study it was found that the influence of the use of catalytic converters of brass with a thickness of 0.3 mm with the fin model experienced a decrease in the level of exhaust gas emissions most effectively at 1500 rpm engine speed ie CO value decreased 1.82% from 3.96% to 2.14% and HC values ​​decreased by 4,412 ppm from 9,999 ppm down to 5,587 ppm. So motor vehicles using a catalytic converter made of brass with a thickness of 0.3 mm will be able to reduce CO exhaust emissions by 2.14% and HC by 3.96%

scholarly journals Plug-in Hybrid Ecological Category in Real Driving Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2340
Author(s):  
Kinga Skobiej ◽  
Jacek Pielecha
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Innovative Solution

Transportation, as one of the most growing industries, is problematic due to environmental pollution. A solution to reduce the environmental burden is stricter emission standards and homologation tests that correspond to the actual conditions of vehicle use. Another solution is the widespread introduction of hybrid vehicles—especially the plug-in type. Due to exhaust emission tests in RDE (real driving emissions) tests, it is possible to determine the real ecological aspects of these vehicles. The authors of this paper used RDE testing of the exhaust emissions of plug-in hybrid vehicles and on this basis evaluated various hybrid vehicles from an ecological point of view. An innovative solution proposed by the authors is to define classes of plug-in hybrid vehicles (classes from A to C) due to exhaust emissions. An innovative way is to determine the extreme results of exhaust gas emission within the range of acceptable scatter of the obtained results. By valuating vehicles, it will be possible in the future to determine the guidelines useful in designing more environmentally friendly power units in plug-in hybrid vehicles.

Fuel-based motor vehicle emission inventory for the metropolitan area of Mexico city

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Schifter ◽  
L. Díaz ◽  
V. Múgica ◽  
E. López-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Emission

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of combustion engine and hybrid propulsion unit in aviation application in terms of emission of harmful compounds in the exhausts emitted to the atmosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Marek ORKISZ ◽  
Piotr WYGONIK ◽  
Michał KUŹNIAR ◽  
Maciej KALWARA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
In Series ◽  
Propulsion Control ◽  
Propulsion Unit

Comparative analysis of combustion and hybrid propulsion unit in aviation application in terms of emission of harmful compounds in the exhausts emitted to the atmosphere. For the propulsion of the AOS 71 motor glider, two types of propulsion were planned as de-velopment versions. The first analysed propulsion is based on a combustion engine, but of the Wankel type (LCR 814 engine with the power of 55 kW). The second designed propulsion is an hybrid based on a LCR 407 combustion engine with a power of 28 kW, which is connected in series with an electric generator propelling the engine (Emrax 228 engine), total power of the propulsion is 55 kW. The comparison of emissions of harmful compounds emitted to the atmosphere generated by the combustion and hybrid power unit intended for assembly in the AOS 71 motor glider, assuming various loads and methods of hybrid propulsion control, was made. The tests were conducted in laboratory conditions. Several different programs were designed to simulate different energy management methods in a hybrid system, depending on the predicted mission and load of the motor glider. On the basis of laboratory tests, exhaust emission was determined from both propulsions as a function of rotational speed and load. Then, based on the assumed flight trajectory and collected test data, the emission for both propulsions variants was determined. The values of emission parameters were compared and the results were presented in diagrams and discussed in the conclusions

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