The Impact of Metakaolin on Early Days Strength of Nanotechnology Modified Sandwich ECC

Metakaolin is a produce from Kaolinite. Meanwhile, Kaolinite is a natural clay mineral that consists of so many mineral materials, metakaolin inclusive, that can be used in many areas of life and hence sustainable in contents if process adequately. The issue of global warming coupled with a general belief of greenhouse gas emission through the production and usage of cement, a main building and infrastructures construction materials, necessitate for the substitution of cement in building materials most especially concrete. This study focused on the effect of metakaolin on the early day's strength of sandwich engineered cementitious concrete modified with nanosilica particles. The nanosilica in this mix served two purposes, one as a cementitious substitute and secondly as to increase the silica content of the normal sand used. The fresh and engineering properties of samples with 12% weight replacement of ordinary Portland cement with metakaolin was also evaluated. The surface area of metakaolin used in this experiment was 25.4m2/g. The result shows that the sandwich ECC samples modified with nanosilica produced higher strength compared with the base standard M45 ECC.

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Growth of housing sector in India - application of Cost-effective Construction Technologies to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emission

10.36375/prepare_u.a14 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nilanjan Sengupta

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Building Materials ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

High Growth ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Construction Technology ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Sustainable Building ◽

Skilled Manpower ◽

Energy Consuming

Building construction sector can play a major role in reducing Greenhouse Gas emission through application of technologies aimed at reduction of use of building materials. Energy consumed during production of building materials and components plays a crucial role in creating environmental pollution. India is witnessing high growth in urban and rural housing, which needs more production of building materials. Permanent or semi-permanent type buildings which consume easily available conventional materials like brick, reinforced cement concrete etc. can be made Economic and Eco-friendly by lowering use of energy-consuming building materials through Cost-effective Construction Technologies. Buildings with Cost-effective Construction Technology can be designed within the parameters of the existing Indian Standards. Awareness generation among the users, proper technical and architectural guidance and easy availability of skilled manpower are of utmost importance for promotion of cost-effective technologies in India and to make them as the most acceptable case of sustainable building technologies both in terms of cost and environment.

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Fire Resistance Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete:An Overview

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11030082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Salmabanu Luhar ◽

Demetris Nicolaides ◽

Ismail Luhar

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Thermal Resistance ◽

Building Materials ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Flexural Behavior ◽

Thermal Shrinkage ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Impact ◽

Loss Of Strength

Even though, an innovative inorganic family of geopolymer concretes are eye-catching potential building materials, it is quite essential to comprehend the fire and thermal resistance of these structural materials at a very high temperature and also when experiencing fire with a view to make certain not only the safety and security of lives and properties but also to establish them as more sustainable edifice materials for future. The experimental and field observations of degree of cracking, spalling and loss of strength within the geopolymer concretes subsequent to exposure at elevated temperature and incidences of occurrences of disastrous fires extend an indication of their resistance against such severely catastrophic conditions. The impact of heat and fire on mechanical attributes viz., mechanical-compressive strength, flexural behavior, elastic modulus; durability—thermal shrinkage; chemical stability; the impact of thermal creep on compressive strength; and microstructure properties—XRD, FTIR, NMR, SEM as well as physico-chemical modifications of geopolymer composites subsequent to their exposures at elevated temperatures is reviewed in depth. The present scientific state-of-the-art review manuscript aimed to assess the fire and thermal resistance of geopolymer concrete along with its thermo-chemistry at a towering temperature in order to introduce this novel, most modern, user and eco-benign construction materials as potentially promising, sustainable, durable, thermal and fire-resistant building materials promoting their optimal and apposite applications for construction and infrastructure industries.

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Susceptibility of earth-based construction materials to fungal proliferation: laboratory and in situ assessment

RILEM Technical Letters ◽

10.21809/rilemtechlett.2018.69 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 140-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexis Simons ◽

Alexandra Bertron ◽

Christophe Roux ◽

Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ◽

Jean-Emmanuel Aubert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Building Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Microbial Density ◽

Microbial Proliferation ◽

Materials Used ◽

Ecological Construction ◽

The Impact

The impact of building materials on the environment and the health of occupants is nowadays a priority issue. Ecological construction materials such as earthen materials are currently experiencing a regain of interest due to both ecological and economic factors. The microbial proliferation on indoor materials can induce a deterioration of the building air quality and lead to an increase of health risks for the occupants. The issue of indoor air quality raises questions about the use of earthen building materials and their possible susceptibility to fungal development. The microflora of earthen materials and their ability to grow on such support are indeed poorly studied. This study focused on the quantification of both bacterial and fungal microflora along the manufacturing process. The impact of extreme humidity, simulating a hydric accident, on microflora development was analyzed on the surface and inside earthen bricks. The initial microflora of these materials was dramatically reduced during the manufacturing process, especially after heat treatment for drying. Proliferation of remaining microorganisms was only observed under high humidity condition, in particular for earthen materials with vegetal aggregates. Moreover, in situ samplings were performed on naturally dried earthen materials used in buildings. The characterization of the microbial density revealed a higher microbial density than on manufactured specimens, while microbial concentration and detected taxa seemed mainly related to the room use and building history. These results provide a better understanding of microbial proliferation on these materials.

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Simulating the Impact of Carbon Taxes on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Nutrition in the UK

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10010134 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 134 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cesar Revoredo-Giha ◽

Neil Chalmers ◽

Faical Akaichi

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Carbon Taxes ◽

Gas Emission ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

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PESTICIDE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXTERNALITIES FROM US AGRICULTURE — THE IMPACT OF THEIR INTERNALIZATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate Change Economics ◽

10.1142/s2010007813500085 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. 1350008 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

NIKOLINKA SHAKHRAMANYAN ◽

UWE A. SCHNEIDER ◽

BRUCE A. McCARL

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Production Costs ◽

Net Income ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Emission Mitigation ◽

The Us ◽

The Impact

Climate change may affect the use of pesticides and their associated environmental and human health impacts. This study employs and modifies a partial equilibrium model of the US agricultural sector to examine the effects of alternative regulations of the pesticide and greenhouse gas emission externality. Simulation results indicate that without pesticide externality regulations and low greenhouse gas emission mitigation strategy, climate change benefits from increased agricultural production in the US are more than offset by increased environmental costs. Although the combined regulation of pesticide and greenhouse gas emission externalities increases farmers' production costs, their net income effects are positive because of price adjustments and associated welfare shifts from consumers to producers. The results also show heterogeneous impacts on preferred pest management intensities across major crops. While pesticide externality regulations lead to substantial increases in total water use, climate policies induce the opposite effect.

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Effects of Climate Change on the Distribution of Akebia quinata

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.752682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Jun-Ming Zhang ◽

Min-Li Song ◽

Zhen-Jian Li ◽

Xiang-Yong Peng ◽

Shang Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

East Asia ◽

Distribution Pattern ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Climate Factors ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Tropical Zone ◽

Geometric Center ◽

The Impact

Akebia quinata, also known as chocolate vine, is a creeping woody vine which is used as Chinese herbal medicine, and found widely distributed in East Asia. At present, its wild resources are being constantly destroyed. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the resource protection of this plant species by analyzing the possible changes in its geographic distribution pattern and its response to climate factors. It is the first time maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt) and ArcGIS software have been used to predict the distribution of A. quinata in the past, the present, and the future (four greenhouse gas emission scenarios, namely, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). Through the prediction results, the impact of climate change on the distribution of A. quinata and the response of A. quinata to climate factors were analyzed. The results showed that the most significant climatic factor affecting the distribution pattern of A. quinata was the annual precipitation. At present, the suitable distribution regions of A. quinata are mainly in the temperate zone, and a few suitable distribution regions are in the tropical zone. The medium and high suitable regions are mainly located in East Asia, accounting for 51.1 and 81.7% of the worldwide medium and high suitable regions, respectively. The migration of the geometric center of the distribution regions of A. quinata in East Asia is mainly affected by the change of distribution regions in China, and the average migration rate of the geometric center in each climate scenario is positively correlated with the level of greenhouse gas emission scenario.

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INTERNATIONAL TRENDS AND CURRENT CHALLENGES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS MARKET DEVELOPMENT

10.32782/2224-6282/163-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yulia Orlovska ◽

◽

Daria Havrylenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Construction Industry ◽

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Building Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Construction Sector ◽

International Trends ◽

The World ◽

The Impact ◽

Construction Services

The main international trends in the world market of construction materials and services have been analyzed. The dynamics of world GDP and exports of construction services for the period 2000-2019 has been studied and a conclusion is made on the impact of economic crises on their growth rates. It has been determined that the dynamics of world exports of construction services is characterized by high instability with peaks of growth and decline, and is more sensitive than GDP growth. It has been noted that overcoming the crisis in the export sector of construction services takes more time and occurs with an approximate two-year time lag compared to GDP dynamics. The share of the construction industry in the world GDP by the degree of development has been analyzed. The reasons for the decline in the share of the construction industry in countries with economies in transition have been substantiated. It has been noted that in the developed countries the share of the construction sector is accounted for by real estate management activities related to maintenance, rent, purchase and sale and other transactions with land and real estate. The forecast values of growth of the market of building materials and services till 2030 have been given. The essence of the term «wide construction» has been revealed and the structure of this sector in different countries of the world is shown. The main exporters in the world construction market have been given and the structural distribution of the largest construction companies in the world ranking by country of origin has been analyzed. The dynamics of income level in the construction industry market for the period 2011-2018 has been studied. It has been noted that an important area of the construction sector is the market of roofing and facade materials and the world's largest companies for the production of this type of construction materials have been revealed. Conclusions on the essence of global transformations of the market of building materials and services have been made, and also it has been defined that they are caused by transnationalization of corporate structure of the market, influence of scientific and technical progress and information and communication technologies on world centers as well as the emergence of the concept of «sustainable construction» in the course of humanity for sustainable development.

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Geo-Environmental investigation of Sahure pyramid complex, Abusir Archeological site, Giza, Egypt

10.21203/rs.3.rs-282899/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdelrhman Muhamed Fahmy Sayed Ahmed ◽

Fatma Muhamed Helmy

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

Field Studies ◽

Point Of View ◽

Western Side ◽

The Impact ◽

Archeological Site ◽

Engineering Stability

Abstract Abusir is the name of an elaborate burial area, dotted with 19 pyramids other temples, stretching on the western side of the Nile from the south of the Giza Plateau to the northern rim of Saqqara. It seems to have been created as the resting site for the Pharaos dated from 2494 to 2345 BC. The name Abusir, originally spoken as Busiri, means” temple of Osiris”. Over time, the name has become so popular, that more than 60 villages now carry this name. But only one is the archaeological site. This paper does not refer to all of the Abusir archaeological area, but focuses one of its most important sites: Sahure pyramid, one of Egypt’s little known, but heavily damaged treasure. One of the highlights of the relevant research is the discovery of a piece of cement (Basaltic mortar/concrete), which consists of several materials and which is harder than any cement produced today and detection of a clear and significant Anorthite mineral (Plagioclase) in the mortar sample which had been proven by XRD, XRF (analysis) and Polarized light microscope (investigation). The main objectives of this paper are 1) to reveal and identify the construction materials of the pyramid and the construction of the pyramid,2) to evaluate the durability and vulnerability of the Ancient construction materials of Sahure pyramid,3) to compare the decayed patterns of the different construction materials, 4) to study the pyramid building materials from geological, meteorological, geochemical, petrological and petrophysical point of view, and 5) to present a proposal for scientific conservation and protection of the pyramid. Laboratories and field studies have been carried out by researchers from various countries to investigate and understand the problems of the pyramid leading to the final results which confirmed the impact of the geo environment conditions on the structural and engineering stability of the pyramid.

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