The Influences of Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Recycled Nitrile Glove Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber Compounds (NBRr/ENR25)

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
A.A. Afiratul ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Omar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
Cure Characterization

The effects on curing characteristics and physical propertiesof recycled nitrile glove (NBRr) filled epoxidized natural rubbers (ENR25) were examined. Two different size ranges of NBRr particles, i.e., S1 (250μm-500μm) and S2 (2cm-5cm) were used in this study. The NBRr/ENR25 compounds with five different compositions of NBRr (5, 15, 25, 35 and 50 phr) were prepared using a two roll-mill at room temperature. The result of cure characterization show that scorch time, t2 and cure time t90 of the NBRr/ENR25decreased with the increased of NBRr content due to the existence of crosslinked precursors and unreacted curativein the recycled rubber.NBRr/ENR25 compounds with fine size, S1 of NBRr particles exhibit lower minimum torque (ML) compared with the coarse size, S2 which resulted in more efficient processing. The maximum torque (MH) of all NBRr/ENR25 compounds show the increasing trend with increased NBRr content probably due to the good interactions in NBRr/ENR25 compounds. For physical properties, NBRr/ENR25 compounds with fine size, S1 of NBRr particles exhibited the higher hardness and crosslinking density at all compound ratios. The results overall indicated that the NBRr/ENR25 with fine size, S1 of NBRr particles show better cure characteristics and physical properties (crosslink density and hardness test) compared to coarse size, S2 of NBRr particles.

The Addition of Imperata cylindrica as Natural Filler in Epoxidized Natural Rubber Filled Recycled Nitrile Glove: Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Afiratul ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
Kamarudin Husin ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
And Migration

The effects ofimperatacylindricaon curing characteristics and physical properties of epoxidized natural rubbers (ENR25) filled recycled nitrile glove (rNBR) were examined. The compounds were prepared by two roll mill at five different compositions ofimperatacylindrica(5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 phr). The size range ofimperatacylindricaparticles i.e., 0μm-63μm and 500μm-700μm were used. The result of cure characterization show that scorch time (t2) and cure time (t90) of the ENR25/rNBR decreased with the increased ofimperatacylindricacontent due to an insufficient amount of accelerator or curing agent and migration of sulphur from filler to the natural rubber. ENR25/rNBR with fine size, S1ofimperatacylindricaparticles exhibit lower minimum torque (ML) compared with the coarse size, S2which resulted in more efficient processing. The maximum torque (MH) of all ENR25/rNBR compounds show the increasing trend with increasedimperatacylindricacontent due to the good interactions betweenimperatacylindricaand ENR25/rNBR compounds. For physical properties, ENR25/rNBR compounds with fine size, S1ofimperatacylindricaparticles exhibited the higher crosslinking density at all compound ratios meanwhile coarse size, S2show highest hardness compared to fine size, S1. The results overall indicated that the ENR25/rNBR with fine size, S1ofimperatacylindricaparticles show better cure characteristics and physical properties (crosslink density and hardness test) compared to coarse size, S2ofimperatacylindricaparticles.

The Effects on the Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Bamboo Activated Carbon Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
H. Kamarudin ◽  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The role of activated carbon (AC) in rubber compounds was investigated to better understand the reinforcing mechanism. The activated carbon filled styrene butadiene rubber vulcanizates (SBR-AC) using bamboo activated carbon as filler were prepared by using two-roll mill and cured at 160 °C. AC filler loading from 10 to 50 phr (part per hundred rubber) were used in this study. Study into the influences of filler loading on the cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and physical properties (hardness and resilience) of SBR-AC vulcanizates were carried out. It was observed that SBR-AC vulcanizates has better cure characteristics compared to the styrene butadiene rubber gum vulcanizate (SBR-GV) which is a non-filled vulcanizate. The results showed that the scorch time (ts2) decreased with increasing filler loading. The cure time (tc90) slightly decreased up to 20 phr before a rise as the filler loading increased. The minimum torque (ML) of SBR vulcanizate increased and the maximum torque (MH) decreased up to 20 phr but then increased with increasing filler loading. The cure rate index (CRI) of SBR-GV vulcanizate was higher than that of all SBR-AC vulcanizates. Up to 20 phr of filler loading, the CRI increased before a decline occurred as the filler loading increased. As expected, the hardness value of SBR-AC vulcanizates was higher compared to SBR-GV vulcanizate which has lower resilience. The hardness and crosslink density showed an increasing trend meanwhile the resilience was adversely affected by the increase in filler loading. Bamboo activated carbon showed some potential enhancement on the reinforcing and physical properties of the vulcanizates.

The Effect of Recycled Nitrile Glove Filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber 50 on Cure Characteristics and Swelling Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 679 ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Z. Norhafizah ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri ◽  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
J.N.M. Ridhwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
Minimum Torque

The effects on properties of recycle nitrile glove (NBRr) filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR 50) was studied. Compound was prepared by two roll mill at five different compositions of NBRr (5, 15, 25, 35 and 50 phr). Two different size ranges of NBRr particles i.e., 300μm-700μm (fine) and 3cm-5cm (coarse) were used. The properties of cure characteristics (cure time, scorch time, minimum torque, and maximum torque) and swelling test were determined. Results indicated that the incorporation of fine size NBRr loading on ENR 50 provides better improvement both on cure characteristics and swelling behaviour mainly at 15 phr of NBRr compared to the coarser size NBRr particles.

The Effect of Wollastonite on Curing Characteristics, Tensile and Morphology of Natural Rubber Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Hoang T.B. Diep ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
A. Rashid Azura ◽  
Ng. Van Tu ◽  
Tsutomu Takeichi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fracture Surface Morphology ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Wollastonite filled natural rubber (NR) compounds were prepared using a laboratory two-roll mill. The filler was loaded into NR at different loading, i.e., 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 part per hundred of rubber (phr). The effect of wollastonite on curing characteristic, tensile and morphology properties has been studied. Results indicated that the cure time (t90), scorch time (t2), tensile strength and elongation at break of the NR compounds decrease with increasing wollastonite loading but the maximum torque, tensile modulus M100 (stress at 100% elongation), M300 (stress at 100% elongation) increase with increasing wollastonite loading. The fracture surface morphology of the NR compounds was investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). More filler detachment from NR surface was observed with increasing wollastonite loading.

Curing Characteristics and Tensile Properties of White Fly Ash Filled Natural Rubber Compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 753-756
Author(s):  
Hisyam Mokhtar ◽  
Razif Nordin ◽  
Saidatulakmar Shamsudin ◽  
N.Z. Noriman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time

The effect of white fly ash (WFA) on cure characteristics and tensile properties of natural rubber compounds were investigated in the range of 0 to 30 phr. The size of WFA that is used in this study was 45-75 μm. Based on the result, it is found that the scorch time and cure time decreased with increasing of WFA loading. The tensile strength gradually increased to the maximum at 5 phr WFA. The further increase of WFA loading led to the decrease in tensile strength. Tensile properties such as M100 (stress at 100 % elongation) was gradually increased with the increasing of WFA loading, meanwhile, the elongation break showed a decreasing trend.

Effects of Different Particle Sizes and its Blend Ratios of Recycled Latex Glove Filled Natural Rubber Compound: Cure Characteristics and Swelling Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 679 ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
S.M. Hazwan ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
Che Mohd Ruzaidi ◽  
M.F. Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Latex Glove ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Recycled Rubber ◽  
Blend Ratios

The effects of different particle sizes of recycled latex glove (rLG) on curing characteristics of SMR L were examined. Two different size ranges of rLG particles, i.e., 100-300μm, 2-3 cm were used in this study. The SMRL/rLG composition of 100/0, 100/5, 100/15, 100/25, 100/35 and 100/50 were prepared using a two roll-mill at room temperature. The characterization results of the blends shows that scorch time, t2, and cure time t90 of the SMRL/rLG blends decreased with increased rLG content as well as decreasing sizes of rLG particles due to the existence of cross-linked precursors and unreacted curative in the recycled rubber. Among all blend ratios, the SMRL/rLG blends with fine size of rLG particles exhibit lowest minimum torque (ML) compared with the coarse size of it in SMRL/rLG compound which resulted in more efficient processing. The maximum torque (MH) of SMRL/rLG compound shows a declining trend with increasing rLG content probably due to the poor interactions in SMRL/rLG compound. As the particle size decreased, the contact surface area increased which provided more efficient interfacial bonds, leading to better properties. Results indicated that the fine size of rLG filled SMR L contributed to the better properties compared to coarser size of rLG filled SMR L mainly at 15 phr of rLG.Key words: Recycled – rubber – latex – glove – SMR L

Elastomer nanocomposites based on NBR/BR/nanoclay: morphology and mechanical properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohreh Tolooei ◽  
Ghasem Naderi ◽  
Shirin Shokoohi ◽  
Sedigheh Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Fluid Uptake ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Dispersion State ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Nanoclay Content

Abstract Ternary elastomer nanocomposites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR) and two types of nanoclay (Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 30B) were prepared using a laboratory scale two-roll mill. The effects of nanoclay composition on the cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of NBR/BR (50/50) nanocomposite samples containing 3, 5, 7 and 10 wt% nanoclay were investigated. According to the cure characteristics both types of nanoclay caused a reduction in the scorch time and optimum cure time of the nanocomposite compound. X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples suggested the intercalation of polymer chains into the silicate layers. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was utilized to study the dispersion state of nanoclay within the elastomer blend matrix. The results showed the development of mechanical properties with the establishment of interactions between nanoclay and polymer chains. Antiknock and brake fluid uptake were also reduced with increasing the nanoclay content.

The Effect of Excess Silane-69 Used for Surface Modification on Cure Characteristic and Mechanical Properties of Precipitated Silica Filled Natural Rubber (PSi/NR)

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 2171-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchai Thongpin ◽  
C. Sangnil ◽  
P. Suerkong ◽  
A. Pongpilaiprertti ◽  
Narongrit Sombatsompop
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Cure Characteristic ◽  
Characterization Test

This research is concentrated on the effect of concentration of silane-69 used for surface modification on precipitated silica (PSi), on cure characteristic and mechanical properties of PSi filled NR. The PSi content in this study was fixed at 20 phr in order to reveal the effect of silane used to modify PSi, on NR compound and vulcanizate. Moving Die Rheometer (MDR) was used to characterize cure characteristic of rubber compounds. Generally, scorch and cure time of NR would increase with the addition of PSi due to the absorption of accelerator on its surface whereas the addition of Si-69 modified PSi would reduce both scorch and cure time. It was found in this research that the excess amount of Si-69 used increased scorch and cure time of rubber compounds. This was thought to be that the excess of Si-69 led to the formation of polysiloxane clusters which could absorb accelerator in rubber compound and resulted in a prolonged scorch and cure time. In term of vulcanized rubber, it was found that maximum torque increased with the concentration of Si-69 up to 6 %. The polysiloxane formed during the cure characterization test was responsible for the slightly decreased torque after 6% of Si-69 treatment. Nonetheless, even with high concentration of Si-69 used, torque was still higher than that of untreated PSi filled NR. This is widely understood that sulfur atoms in Si-69 molecule are able to participate in the bonding between rubber and silane molecules resulted in the enhancement of crosslink density of the vulcanizate rubber. The increased of modulus at 200 % elongation, tensile strength under tension, with the silane concentration, was evidence of the crosslink enhancement. Tear strength and hardness of the vulcanizates exhibiting the increment, with the silane used, also clearly confirmed the bonding between Si-69 and rubber molecules. It was elucidated from the research that excess of Si-69 would lead to polysiloxane formation, cluster form of silane and crosslinking density. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs and swelling test are also presented to confirm the phenomena.

The Influence of Cure Characteristics and Crosslink Density of Virgin Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (vNBR/rNBR) Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 735-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridhwan Jamalul Nasir ◽  
N.Z. Noimam ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Rosniza Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Blend Ratios

Cure characteristics and crosslink density of virgin acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (vNBR/rNBR) blends were studied. Three different size ranges of rNBR particles, i.e., 150 - 350 μm, 2.0-15.0 mm, and 5-10 cm were used in this study. The vNBR/rNBR blends with blend ratios of 95/5, 85/15, 75/25, 65/35, and 50/50 were prepared using a two roll-mill at room temperature. The characterization results of the blends show that scorch time, t2, of the vNBR/rNBR blends decreased with increased rNBR content as well as decreasing sizes of rNBR particles while cure time, t90of the vNBR/rNBR blends increase with increased rNBR content as well as increasing sizes of rNBR particles. Among all blend ratios, the vNBR/rNBR blends with smallest size of rNBR particles exhibit lowest minimum torque (ML) compared with the bigger particle sizes of it in vNBR/rNBR blends which resulted in more efficient processing. The maximum torque (MH) of all vNBR/rNBR blends shows the inclining trend with increased rNBR. The cross-linking density of vNBR/rNBR blends also show an increasing trend with increasing rNBR content.

Effects of Cure Systems of Ground Rubber and Rubber Matrix on their Adhesion and Crosslink Structures

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Kim ◽  
H. Y. Park ◽  
K. H. Seo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Layered Model ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Ground Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Abstract There has been a great deal of research on the effects of ground rubber (GR) on the cure characteristics of GR-filled rubber compounds. It has been known that the cure systems of the rubber matrix and GR also had an effect on the cure characteristics and physical properties of GR-filled compounds. In this study, the variation of the crosslink density and crosslink types of recured vulcanizates and fresh vulcanizates, with respect to the cure systems, were investigated by using a three-layered model. In addition, the adhesion forces between recured vulcanizates and fresh vulcanizates were measured, and the fracture surfaces were examined. Depending on the cure systems, the changes in the crosslink density and crosslink types of recured and fresh vulcanizates varied significantly and the failure modes of adhesion specimens were also different.

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