The Addition of Imperata cylindrica as Natural Filler in Epoxidized Natural Rubber Filled Recycled Nitrile Glove: Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Afiratul ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
Kamarudin Husin ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
And Migration

The effects ofimperatacylindricaon curing characteristics and physical properties of epoxidized natural rubbers (ENR25) filled recycled nitrile glove (rNBR) were examined. The compounds were prepared by two roll mill at five different compositions ofimperatacylindrica(5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 phr). The size range ofimperatacylindricaparticles i.e., 0μm-63μm and 500μm-700μm were used. The result of cure characterization show that scorch time (t2) and cure time (t90) of the ENR25/rNBR decreased with the increased ofimperatacylindricacontent due to an insufficient amount of accelerator or curing agent and migration of sulphur from filler to the natural rubber. ENR25/rNBR with fine size, S1ofimperatacylindricaparticles exhibit lower minimum torque (ML) compared with the coarse size, S2which resulted in more efficient processing. The maximum torque (MH) of all ENR25/rNBR compounds show the increasing trend with increasedimperatacylindricacontent due to the good interactions betweenimperatacylindricaand ENR25/rNBR compounds. For physical properties, ENR25/rNBR compounds with fine size, S1ofimperatacylindricaparticles exhibited the higher crosslinking density at all compound ratios meanwhile coarse size, S2show highest hardness compared to fine size, S1. The results overall indicated that the ENR25/rNBR with fine size, S1ofimperatacylindricaparticles show better cure characteristics and physical properties (crosslink density and hardness test) compared to coarse size, S2ofimperatacylindricaparticles.

The Influences of Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Recycled Nitrile Glove Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber Compounds (NBRr/ENR25)

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
A.A. Afiratul ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Omar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
Cure Characterization

The effects on curing characteristics and physical propertiesof recycled nitrile glove (NBRr) filled epoxidized natural rubbers (ENR25) were examined. Two different size ranges of NBRr particles, i.e., S1 (250μm-500μm) and S2 (2cm-5cm) were used in this study. The NBRr/ENR25 compounds with five different compositions of NBRr (5, 15, 25, 35 and 50 phr) were prepared using a two roll-mill at room temperature. The result of cure characterization show that scorch time, t2 and cure time t90 of the NBRr/ENR25decreased with the increased of NBRr content due to the existence of crosslinked precursors and unreacted curativein the recycled rubber.NBRr/ENR25 compounds with fine size, S1 of NBRr particles exhibit lower minimum torque (ML) compared with the coarse size, S2 which resulted in more efficient processing. The maximum torque (MH) of all NBRr/ENR25 compounds show the increasing trend with increased NBRr content probably due to the good interactions in NBRr/ENR25 compounds. For physical properties, NBRr/ENR25 compounds with fine size, S1 of NBRr particles exhibited the higher hardness and crosslinking density at all compound ratios. The results overall indicated that the NBRr/ENR25 with fine size, S1 of NBRr particles show better cure characteristics and physical properties (crosslink density and hardness test) compared to coarse size, S2 of NBRr particles.

The Effect of Recycled Nitrile Glove Filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber 50 on Cure Characteristics and Swelling Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 679 ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Z. Norhafizah ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri ◽  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
J.N.M. Ridhwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
Minimum Torque

The effects on properties of recycle nitrile glove (NBRr) filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR 50) was studied. Compound was prepared by two roll mill at five different compositions of NBRr (5, 15, 25, 35 and 50 phr). Two different size ranges of NBRr particles i.e., 300μm-700μm (fine) and 3cm-5cm (coarse) were used. The properties of cure characteristics (cure time, scorch time, minimum torque, and maximum torque) and swelling test were determined. Results indicated that the incorporation of fine size NBRr loading on ENR 50 provides better improvement both on cure characteristics and swelling behaviour mainly at 15 phr of NBRr compared to the coarser size NBRr particles.

Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Imperata cylindrica Activated Carbon Filled SMR L Compounding

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
Kamarudin Husin ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Minimum Torque

The potential of activated carbon as a filler in rubber compound has been reviewed .Cure characteristics and physical properties ofImperataCylindricaactivated carbon filled natural rubber of Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR L) were studied. SMR L was used as the elastomer and the composition of filler loading were varied from 0-50 parts per hundred rubber (phr). A semi-efficient vulcanization system was used throughout the study. The cure characteristics of the rubber compound was determined by using rheometer. The samples of hardness and resilience were measured by durometer shore A and Wallace Dunlop Tripsometer. Cure characteristics showed that cure time, t90and scorch time,t2increased as increased filler loading which indicate poor interaction between rubber and filler which slow down the vulcanization time. Minimum torque,MLand maximum torque,MHincreased as increased filler loading due to the low processability of the SMR L compounds. Crosslink density and hardness exhibit increment as increased filler loading due to increase rigidity of the SMR L compounds. The resilience will decrease correspondingly as increased in rigidity of the compounds.

Influence of Filler Types on Mechanical Properties and Cure Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wittawat Wongsorat ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Cure Time

Natural rubber (NR) was reinforced with three types of filler: carbon black, calcium carbonate, and sisal fiber. NR composites were prepared on a two-roll mill. Filler content was 20 phr. Mechanical properties and cure characteristics of NR composites were studied. All NR composites had higher maximum torque than NR. NR filled with carbon black showed the highest maximum torque. However, scorch time and cure time of the NR composites were not much affected by filler types. In addition, influence of fiber treatment (alkalization) on mechanical properties and cure characteristics of sisal fiber-NR composites was investigated. Alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite exhibited higher tensile properties and hardness than untreated sisal fiber- NR composite due to improved adhesion between the fiber and NR matrix. Moreover, alkali treated sisal fiber-NR composite had superior specific modulus and strength than NR composites filled with carbon black and calcium carbonate.

The Effects on the Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Bamboo Activated Carbon Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
H. Kamarudin ◽  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The role of activated carbon (AC) in rubber compounds was investigated to better understand the reinforcing mechanism. The activated carbon filled styrene butadiene rubber vulcanizates (SBR-AC) using bamboo activated carbon as filler were prepared by using two-roll mill and cured at 160 °C. AC filler loading from 10 to 50 phr (part per hundred rubber) were used in this study. Study into the influences of filler loading on the cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and physical properties (hardness and resilience) of SBR-AC vulcanizates were carried out. It was observed that SBR-AC vulcanizates has better cure characteristics compared to the styrene butadiene rubber gum vulcanizate (SBR-GV) which is a non-filled vulcanizate. The results showed that the scorch time (ts2) decreased with increasing filler loading. The cure time (tc90) slightly decreased up to 20 phr before a rise as the filler loading increased. The minimum torque (ML) of SBR vulcanizate increased and the maximum torque (MH) decreased up to 20 phr but then increased with increasing filler loading. The cure rate index (CRI) of SBR-GV vulcanizate was higher than that of all SBR-AC vulcanizates. Up to 20 phr of filler loading, the CRI increased before a decline occurred as the filler loading increased. As expected, the hardness value of SBR-AC vulcanizates was higher compared to SBR-GV vulcanizate which has lower resilience. The hardness and crosslink density showed an increasing trend meanwhile the resilience was adversely affected by the increase in filler loading. Bamboo activated carbon showed some potential enhancement on the reinforcing and physical properties of the vulcanizates.

Effect of Oleic Acid on Properties of Natural Rubber Filled Bacterial Cellulose

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 295-299
Author(s):  
Saowaluk Boonyod ◽  
Chaiwute Vudjung
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Mooney Viscosity

Natural rubber (NR) containing the nata de coco fiber or Bacterial cellulose (BC) was prepared by co-coagulation of BC and concentrated NR latex with CaCl2 and compounded by two roll mill. The effect of oleic acid (OA) containing in NR filled BC (NR/BC) was the important factor in this study. BC was varied from 0–25 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr), and the Mooney viscosity, cure characteristics and mechanical properties of NR/BC with and without OA as compatiblizer was evaluated. It was found that tear strength and elongation at break of NR/BC containing OA improved. The addition of OA into NR/BC affect vulcanization properties of NR/BC masterbatch that retard the cure time of their compound. Of all BC contents investigated, the vulcanized NR/BC at 10-20 phr of BC with OA shows the optimum tear strength and the morphology of the vulcanized NR/BC is improved by the addition of OA.

Mechanical Properties, Morphological Properties, and Cure Characteristics of Sisal Fiber/Natural Rubber Composites: Effects of Fiber and Compatibilizer Content

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1171-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wittawat Wongsorat ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time

Sisal fiber/natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by the incorporation of sisal fiber into NR at various content (10, 20, 30 phr) using a two-roll mill. Natural rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (NR-g-MA) prepared in house was used to improve interfacial adhesion between sisal fiber and NR matrix. NR-g-MA contents were varied. Mechanical properties, morphologies, and cure characteristics of the composites were studied. Maximum torque, modulus at 100% strain (M100), modulus at 300% strain (M300), and hardness of the composites increased with increasing fiber content while scorch time, cure time, tensile strength, and elongation at break decreased. The addition of NR-g-MA into the composites gave a positive impact on M100, M300, tensile strength, and hardness. Moreover, increasing NR-g-MA content resulted in increased scorch time, cure time, maximum torque, M100, M300, tensile strength, and hardness of the composites. SEM micrographs of the composites revealed that the addition of NR-g-MA into the composites improved the interfacial interaction between sisal fiber and NR matrix. In addition, the compatibilized NR composites exhibited higher specific tensile strength and modulus than the carbon black/NR composites.

Effects of Surfactant Content and Clay Content on Properties of NR Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalermpan Keawkumay ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time

Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified by octadecylamine (ODA) surfactant. The surfactant contents were varied, i.e. 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 times the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the MMT. XRD and FTIR spectra of the organoclay revealed that ODA molecules intercalated into MMT layers. The MMT-ODA was melt-mixed with natural rubber (NR) using a two roll mill. Effects of surfactant content and organoclay content on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and morphologies of NR nanocomposites were investigated. Morphologies of the NR nanocomposites, with increasing surfactant content, revealed the exfoliated structure and the good dispersion of the organoclay in the NR matrix. These caused the enhancement of mechanical properties of the NR nanocomposites. With increasing the MMT-ODA2 content up to 5 phr, scorch time and cure time of the NR nanocomposites decreased while their tensile strength increased.

Study on Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Behaviours of Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zaini Nurul Aizan ◽  
Salim Abdul Salim Zainathul Akhmar ◽  
Ahmad Mohd Muhiddin ◽  
Zainudin Nor Hazwani ◽  
Jamil Siti Sarah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Mechanical Behaviours ◽  
Fibre Loading

In recent years, natural fibres appear to be as an outstanding material to substitute the conventional reinforcement materials in polymer composites. Kenaf fibre reinforced natural rubber (KFNR) composite was prepared by incorporating of different loadings of kenaf fibre using two roll mill machines. The compound was vulcanised at 150°C according to their respective cure time. The intention of this study is to investigate the influence of kenaf fibre on cure characteristics and mechanical bahaviour of (KFNR) composites.The result showed that the higher fibre content in composites led to shorter optimum cure time, t90. It was also observed that the tensile strength and elongation at break gradually decreased with an increment in fibre loadings. However, the trend was not similar for the hardness where the hardness value was increased by the increment of fibre loadings. The study has exhibited that the optimum fibre loading for the best performance of the composite achieved was 10 phr. The Scanning Electron Microscopy micrograph clarified that fibre dispersion and adhesion were weak thus resulting low in tensile strength and elongation at break.

Elastomer nanocomposites based on NBR/BR/nanoclay: morphology and mechanical properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohreh Tolooei ◽  
Ghasem Naderi ◽  
Shirin Shokoohi ◽  
Sedigheh Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Fluid Uptake ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Dispersion State ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Nanoclay Content

Abstract Ternary elastomer nanocomposites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR) and two types of nanoclay (Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 30B) were prepared using a laboratory scale two-roll mill. The effects of nanoclay composition on the cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of NBR/BR (50/50) nanocomposite samples containing 3, 5, 7 and 10 wt% nanoclay were investigated. According to the cure characteristics both types of nanoclay caused a reduction in the scorch time and optimum cure time of the nanocomposite compound. X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples suggested the intercalation of polymer chains into the silicate layers. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was utilized to study the dispersion state of nanoclay within the elastomer blend matrix. The results showed the development of mechanical properties with the establishment of interactions between nanoclay and polymer chains. Antiknock and brake fluid uptake were also reduced with increasing the nanoclay content.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document