Rural Entrepreneurship in Wintergreen Oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 231971452110072
Author(s):  
Dipesh Karki ◽  
Hari Gopal Risal
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High ◽  
Local Farmers

Wintergreen is a wild herb that grows in the hills of Nepal that can be used for extracting oil which has several medicinal values. It is being sold into premium-value markets in the USA by doTERRA Inc. doTERRA has a co-impact sourcing partnership with the NGO Choice Humanitarian, scouts the local farmers or entrepreneurs and helps them set up the production business. The difference between the price of the final product and the price that local entrepreneurs get is very high. Despite this, the venture has created a new opportunity for local farmers to make large profit as the cost of production is low. However, the business itself has several challenges from scalability and sustainability aspects. Further, the price is set by the single buyer and the market has monopsonist characteristics; hence, the producer has less bargaining power. Despite these challenges, creating a better business environment enables the export of essential oil and that can be a potential foreign currency source for country like Nepal.

Performance Evaluation of Hard Turning for AISI M2 Die Steel with Coated and Non-Coated CBN Inserts

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 594-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Girishankar ◽  
M. Omkumar
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Finish Turning ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

Hard Finish Turning has been Widely Acknowledged as an Excellent Alternative for the Traditional Grinding, Especially it Enables many Intricate Machining Profiles Possible, in a Single Machining Set-up. Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) Inserts are Usually Used for Hard Turning of Superior Hardened Steel Parts to Very High Degree of Accuracy, Geometry and Surface Texture. the Performance of CBN is of Significant Importance for Hard Finish Turning, because of the High Single Cutting Edge Cost. an Array of Experiments are Conducted with Two Different Types of Low Content CBN Insert Grades, 1) Tin Coated Insert CB7015, 2) Non Coated Insert BN250 by Using a Tool Holder MTJNL2525M16 in a LT20 Classic ACE Turning Centre. the Surface Roughness is Inspected by SJ201P Surfinish Mitutoyo Profile Tester. the Parameters Determined during the Experiments are MRR, Ra, and Tool Life in Minutes, Number of Parts Machined. A Satisfactory Match has been Reached by Comparing Mathematical Model Tool Life Using Experimental Data from the General Taylor’s Tool Life Equation and Experimentally Measured Tool Life. the Cost Analysis is Carried out by Gilbert’s Approach Indicates that the Cost Incurred per Part Produced is Lesser in Tin Coated Insert. the Proposed Methodology can Help to Optimise the Hard Finish Turning Process for AISI M2 Die Steel, and Also in Evaluating the Performance of CBN Tin Coated Insert over Non-Coated Insert.

Combined effects of contrast between poor and rich patches and overall nitrate concentration on Arabidopsis thaliana root system structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Blouin ◽  
Ruben Puga-Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
System Structure ◽  
System Response ◽  
Correlative Inhibition ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

The law of correlative inhibition states that roots in a richer environment develop more intensively if other roots of the same plant are in a poorer environment. This probably occurs only when the cost of emitting these roots in the rich patch is compensated by the advantage of having more roots, i.e. in situations where the difference in concentration between rich and poor patches is strong or the overall nutrient amount in the environment is low. For the first time, we tested root system response to combined gradients of contrast between poor and rich patches and of overall NO3– concentration in agar gels. We set up a factorial in vitro experiment crossing contrast (null, weak, strong heterogeneity) with overall NO3– concentration (deficient, optimal, excessive). We observed an increase in ramification density with increasing heterogeneity in deficient situations; but a decrease with increasing heterogeneity in excessive situations. The interaction between overall NO3– concentration and heterogeneity had a significant effect on root ramification density and the distribution of root length in diameter classes. The overall nutrient status of the soil has to be considered to understand the effect of heterogeneity on plant development at the morphological as well as at the molecular level.

scholarly journals Covid-19: Comparisons by Country and Implications for Future Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis E. Mehl-Madrona ◽  
Francois Bricaire ◽  
Adrian Cuyugan ◽  
J. Barac ◽  
Asadullah Parvaiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Northern European ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Very High ◽  
Better Than

Background. We set out in this paper to compare Covid-19 results by country to better understand the factors leading to the differing results found internationally. Methods. We used publicly available large datasets to explore differences by the country for Covid-19 mortality statistics. We continuously challenged our projections with reality and numbers from countries around the world, allowing us to refine our models and better understand the progression of the epidemic. All our predictions and findings were discussed and validated from a clinical viewpoint. Results. While no lockdown resulted in higher mortality, the difference between strict lock-down and a lax lockdown was not terribly different and favored lax lockdown. Only one of the top 44 countries had long and strict restrictions. Strict restrictions were more common in the worst-performing countries in terms of Covid mortality. The United States had the largest economic growth coupled with the largest rate of mortality. Those who did well economically had lower mortality and less pressure on their population. Yet they had less mortality than average and less than their neighbors. Conclusions. Countries with the least restrictions fared best economically. Some of them fared well in terms of mortality, even better than neighboring countries with similar social structures and more severe restrictions. The mortality rates in the USA, however, appeared to suffer from very high obesity rates. Norway and the northern European countries have less strict restrictions from the rest of Europe and had lower mortality rates. COVID-19 mortality was associated with vitamin D status.

scholarly journals The Competitive Mating of Irradiated Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs, Halyomorpha halys, for the Sterile Insect Technique

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Suckling ◽  
Massimo Cristofaro ◽  
Gerardo Roselli ◽  
Mary Levy ◽  
Alessia Cemmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
Very High

The sterility of eggs and nymphs from gamma-irradiated male Halyomorpha halys was investigated to determine the potential for the sterile insect technique (SIT). Males irradiated at 0, 16, 24 and 32 Gy were placed with untreated virgin females, and egg sterility was determined, showing 54.3% at 16 Gy. The percentage of sterility from irradiation was 26 percent lower than previous results from the USA and the variance was very high. Competitive overflooding ratio trials between irradiated virgin males and fertile virgin males at a 5:1 ratio resulted in the expected egg sterility, indicating competitive performance by irradiated males. By July and August, older, irradiated overwintered males were significantly less competitive than similar, non-irradiated males. There is a need to revisit the irradiation delivery method to achieve proper precision around the paternal dose required for an expected >80% egg sterility and subsequent ~99% endpoint sterility estimated at adult emergence in the F1 phase. These results suggest that the mating competitiveness and competency of males after irradiation at 16 Gy is not limiting to the sterile insect technique for suppression. A wild harvest of overwintering males using the aggregation pheromone, followed by irradiation and male release, might replace rearing. Mass-collected, sterilized bugs could be transported from an area of high H. halys density and shipped for release to enable suppression or eradication elsewhere. This concept is under development but further work is needed now to understand the difference in results between the US and Italian irradiators and increase the reliability of dosimetry.

scholarly journals Analisis perhitungan harga pokok penjualan meter pascabayar dan meter prabayar dalam menggunakan metode variable cost pada PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Manado Selatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Rifka Sharen Rianto ◽  
Herman Karamoy ◽  
Anneke Wangkar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Statements ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sales Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Owned Company ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High

Pln company, which means a state-owned electricity company, in which this state-owned company has a meter product that helps the public to supply electricity, but in determining the selling price of the meter products orten experience problems because the selling price of the meter products often changes making customers often make complaints towards the company, for that the authors aim to examine the cost of goods sold in the company by using the variabel cost method, the study was conducted using a type of qualitative data to analyze accounting treatment and for the calculation of the author using quantitative data in the form of financial statements in order to calculate the calculation of cost of goods sold, after analysis by using the varibel cost method, the authors get the results under the calculation of variabel cost more profitable and not harming customers or costs that are not interested in calculating the cost of goods sold is the final result of the process of calculating the cost of goods sold of a postpaid meter product and a prepaid meter using the Variable cost method. There are 2 major groups in each sales process that will form the cost of goods sold report, namely production costs and non-production costs. PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Manado Selatan which is the object of research has a calculation of cost of goods in postpaid and prepaid meter products. In the calculation of the company's cost of goods sold is very high for the emphasis on the cost of products that cause very high cost problems, therefore according to the discussion to solve a problem in the calculation of cost of goods sold, the authors use the cost of goods sold calculation with the variable cost method. After recalculation using the variable cost method, the results obtained are lower than the calculation by the company, where the cost of selling postpaid and prepaid meters is lower, the difference is caused by excess loading of costs that should not be included in the cost of goods sold.

scholarly journals Optimization of Replaced Grinding Wheel Diameter for Surface Grinding Based on a Cost Analysis

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi-Hong Tran ◽  
Anh-Tung Luu ◽  
Quoc-Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Hong-Ky Le ◽  
Anh-Tuan Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Surface Grinding ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Based on a cost analysis, a method of identifying and predicting optimum replaced grinding wheel diameter (De.op) in a surface grinding operation for 9CrSi steel material was developed in this study. The De.op value was determined by minimizing the cost function. An experimental design was set up, and a computational program was developed to perform the experiment in order to calculate the De.op value. Furthermore, the impact of the grinding process parameters such as the initial grinding wheel diameter, the grinding wheel width, the total dressing depth, the Rockwell hardness of the workpiece, the radial grinding wheel wear per dress, and the wheel life on the De.op value were investigated. Moreover, the impacts of the cost components such as the machine tool hourly rate and the grinding wheel cost on the De.op value were given. Based on that, a mathematical model was proposed to determine the De.op value. The predicted De.op value was also verified by an experiment. The obtained result shows that the difference between the experimental De.op value and the predicted De.op value is within 1.7%, indicating that the mathematical model proposed in the study is reliable.

scholarly journals BIAYA REVEGETASI GAMBUT BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK SPESIFIK LAHAN GAMBUT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Rina Muhaya ◽  
Asysyifa Asysyifa
Keyword(s):  
Cost Component ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Activity Component ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Activity Costs ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cost Components

Peat revegetation is an effort to reduce the rate of areas reduction and the decreasing of storing capability of carbon and to restore the ecological function of peatlands. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cost components of peatland revegetation activities and to analyze the cost of each peat revegetation activity component. The research location taked place in 2 (two) villages, Haur Gading District, HSU Regency, South Kalimantan. The components of revegetation costs were grouped into: transportation costs, tools and mateials, payment and other costs. Data obtained from surveys and field observations and interviews. The data analysis used were a tabulation matrix and a comparison of each cost component for revegetation activities from the 2 compared villages. The total cost of Village A peatland revegetation activities is 10,851,018/ha. The characteristics of the community in Village A are very participatory and willing to cooperate with outside parties so that revegetation activities in this Village run well. The very high value of mutual cooperation and the desire to put common interests first became the basis for their actions. Village B revegetation activity costs Rp.12,117,883.00/ha. The very large costs involved in the procurement of seedlings due to the addition of 3,500 seedlings/21ha as replacements for dead, damaged or lost seedlings. The difference in the cost of revegetation activities is IDR 1,266,865/ha. This shows that a high level of participation and cooperation is able to reduce the cost of revegetation of peatlands.

Opportunities for improving the insider laws: A comparative analysis of the practice in the USA and Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-814
Author(s):  
E.K. Ovakimyan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Insider Trading ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Market Manipulation ◽  
Insider Information ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legislative Perfection ◽  
Definition Of

Subject. The article examines the laws regulating insider trading. Objectives. The study outlines recommendations for refining Law On Countering the Illegal Use of Insider Information and Market Manipulation and Amendments to Some Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation, № 224-ФЗ of July 27, 2010. Methods. The methodological framework includes a general dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deductions, and some specific methods, such as comparative and formal logic analysis to specify the definition of insider information, structural logic and functional analysis to improve the mechanism for countering insider trading and market manipulation. Results. We discovered key drawbacks to be addressed so as to improve the business environment in Russia. Although the Russia laws mainly mirror the U.S. laws, they present a more extended list of terms concerning the insider information. I believe the legislative perfection should be continued. Conclusions and Relevance. The study helps apply the findings to outline a new legislative regulation or amend the existing ones, add a new mention on the course of financial markets to students’ books, develop new methods for detecting and countering and improving the existing ones. If all parties to insider relationships use the findings, they will prevent insider trading crimes in financial markets and (or) reduce the negative impact of such crimes on the parties.

Business Environment in West Bengal: An Ethical Issue

Think India ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Sreekumar Ray
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Ethical Business ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Finance Company ◽  
Set Up

Ethics in Business are keywords in any business environment which are lacking in most of the cases. In a broad sense ethics means not to cheat others and to do the business in an honest way, to abide by the rules and regulations of the soil, and above all to keep the morale high so that the business can grow to a new height in long run. Unfair means and unethical business practices to earn money quickly are often fraught with the danger of losing the business permanently or losing the goodwill and respect of society. West Bengal has got bad reputation for industrial growth and fake chit funds and it has been named as ponzy capital of India by many as 72 out of 86 fake chit funds are in the state of West Bengal (as per the Report of Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Govt. of India). On the other hand the micro finance company Bandhan which has got Banking license last year (set up in 2001 in West Bengal) and Eins Edutech the company which was originally incorporated on March 9, 1983, as Ganpat Udyog in West Bengal are worth mentioning and at ease one can feel proud of them. As on 17th April, 2015 the latter company has got market capital of Rs.700 crore with its fixed assets, as per its balance sheet, as only two cell phones and one printer. As per monthly status of Bandhan in February 2015 it has 2,022 branches, 63,66,269 borrowers, 15,956 staff, loan disbursed for the month Rs.1,572 crores, and loan outstanding Rs.8,908 crores. Under such situation, this study focuses on the ethical business environment prevailing in West Bengal and the strategies adopted by them.

FINANCIAL CONTROLLING IN THE SYSTEM OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Petya Yordanova – Dinova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
And Control

This paper explores the comparative analysis of the financial controlling, who is a result from the common controlling concept and the financial management. In the specialized literature, financial controlling is seen as an innovative approach to financial management. It is often presented as the most promising instrument of financial diagnostics. Generally speaking, financial controlling is seen as a process of managing the company`s assets which are valued in monetary measures. The difference between the financial management and the financial controlling is that the second covers all functions of management, analysis and control of finances, aiming at maximizing their effective use and increasing the value of the enterprise. Financial controlling is often seen as a function of the common practice of financial management. Its objective is to preserve the financial stability and financial sustainability of enterprises operating in a highly aggressive business environment.

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