scholarly journals The Storage Effect on Fuel Properties and Emission for Variety Biodiesel Blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Yusof Humairak ◽  
Noreffendy Tamaldin ◽  
M.F.B. Abdollah ◽  
M.F. Ali ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Storage Effect ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Astm D6751

In this paper, storage effect on biodiesel properties for high blending ratio and the emission are evaluated. The blend level of biodiesel is denoted as B, followed by the percentages of pure biodiesel. The samples used are conventional diesel (STD), B80, B90 and B100 were stored at ambient temperature (24 °C) for nine week. The properties of biodiesel, acid value, flash point, viscosity, density and water content were measured according to ASTM D6751 biodiesel fuel standard. Results show there are no significant effects on it properties while stored in long duration at ambient temperature. Meanwhile, increasing biodiesel ratio is found to enhance the combustion process, resulting in decreased the HC for emissions.

Effect of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil on Mixture Formation and Emission of Burner Combustion

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 620-624
Author(s):  
Amir Khalid ◽  
Latip Lambosi ◽  
M.M. Lokman ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
Izzuddin Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Burning Process ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Toxic Emission

Stringent emissions regulations and increasing concern on greenhouse emissions are challenging the researcher to find the alternative fuels like biomass and biodiesel. However, the main issue biodiesel fuel (BDF) from waste cooking oil (WCO) is high toxic emission of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) in burning process of burner combustion. Thus, the emulsification concept of BDF and water mixing were studied with focusing in controlling of combustion process especially during early stage combustion in order to minimize the harmful emission. This main purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of biodiesel fuel from waste cooking oil on mixture formation and emission in burner system. The mixture formation behavior of BDF-water-air premixing was investigated due to this spray characteristics will contribute in combustion process that predominantly influence to the NOx and PM emission production. Blending of biodiesel ratio was varied from 5vol%(WCO5)-15vol%(WCO15). Water content under emulsified biodiesel was varied up to 15 percent, and equivalence ratio from 0.6 to 2.0. The real spray image of emulsified WCO fuel and different equivalence ratio were captured by optical visualization system together with color digital camera. The images of the spatial distribution of WCO fuel-water-air mixing will be further analyzed compared with the exhaust emission production in order to understand the influences of mixture formation on combustion process and burning process. Increased of water content, promoted fuel-air premixing and spray tip penetration thus predominantly influences to the reduction the exhaust emissions.

scholarly journals Determination of Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Sand Apple Seed Oil with Automotive Gas Oil Blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1365-1369
Author(s):  
D.T. Adeyemi ◽  
A. Saleh ◽  
F.B. Akande ◽  
O.O. Oniya ◽  
F.A. Ola
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Apple Seed ◽  
Oil Blend ◽  
Astm D6751

The objective of this study was to determine the fuel properties of Sand Apple Ethyl Ester (SAEE) and its blends with Automotive Gas Oil (AGO).using eggshell as catalyst. Sand apple seed oil (SASO) obtained was characterized based on America Society for Testing and Material (ASTM D6751) to determine acid value, saponification, iodine content, density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, cloud point and pour point. Sand Apple fruits were processed and oil extracted using solvent extraction method. Raw eggshells were calcined at 800oC for 120 min in the muffle furnace. SAEE was blended with AGO at 5 – 25 % mix. Data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA at P < 0.05 significant level. Cloud and pour points obtained for SASO are 4.68 and 3.09℃ . Flash point was 103℃ which fell within ASTM D93 range indicating that SASO is safe for handling and storage. Heating value was 42.61 MJ/kg, slightly lower than that of diesel oil of 44.8 MJ/kg shows that AGO has ability to produce heat of combustion than SASO. Iodine value was 80.71 g I/100g while acid value was determined to be 2.62 mgKOH/g, which was higher than that of ASTM D6751 of 0.5 mgKOH/g. Sulphur contents for AGO and SASO–AGO blends were 0.006, 0.009, 0.014, 0.016 and 0.004%, respectively. Low sulphur values indicates that hazardous sulphur dioxide emission of SAEE has reduced. This study established that all the properties obtained, except acid value, fell within the ASTM specification and could suitably be compared with those of fossil diesel.

scholarly journals Analysis of Emulsified Renewable Fuel Injector in Burner Combustion: An Overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirnah Suardi ◽  
Norazwan Azman ◽  
Dahrum Samsudin ◽  
Norani Mansor ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Rapid Mixing

The use of energy and natural resources being increase due to the growth of economy and world population. One of the natural resources is being consumed heavily is diesel for transportation and burner combustion. However, the major product results from the combustions of diesel are NOx and PM emissions. This review paper focuses on the influences of the emulsified renewable biodiesel fuel such as crude palm oil and waste cooking oil with the concept fuel-air-water internally rapid mixing injector for the open burner system. Water is introduced directly into the combustion field. The concept of rapid mixing from biodiesel and water are controlling of the combustion process in order to minimize the emissions. The water content in the emulsified biodiesel fuels effectively in the reduction of NOx emissions especially the high blending biodiesel. Moreover, emulsion technology significantly reduced particulate matter (PM) emissions as compared to the standard biodiesel fuel combustion. The parameters include equivalent ratio, water content in biodiesel-water, and spray characteristics such as spray penetration, spray angle and spray area.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Standard Handling and Storage Duration on Fuel Properties, Appearance, Burning Process and Emissions of Biodegradable Alternative Fuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 525-529
Author(s):  
Norazwan Azman ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
Dahrum Samsudin ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Good Offer ◽  
And Storage

Concern shortage and limited of petroleum, bio-fuels or also known as alternative fuel offer an advantage in order to sustain in long terms and economical. This renewable source is a good offer as an improvement attempt of automobile fuel and burner combustion. The main issue in using biodegradable alternative fuel such as vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. Thus, this study investigated the effects of different kind of biodegradable alternative fuel tested at variant in storage ambient condition under different storage duration. These tests were performed on the biodegradable alternative fuel such crude palm oil (CPO), and waste cooking oil (WCO) with different of ambient temperature and variant of blending ratio. The biodegradable fuel samples were stored in clinical compartment, at different temperatures and were monitored at regular interval over a period of 60 days. Blending of biodiesel was varied from 5vol% ~ 15vol% and storage temperature from 5°C~33°C. The effects of ambient temperature and storage duration on properties of biodegradable fuel such as density, kinematics viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point of biodiesel were discussed in detail. Analysis of this study showed that the different storage duration gave a significant effect toward the changes of water content; acid value and viscosity. As a conclusion, a long period of storage would decrease the quality of biodiesel no matter what kind of condition and environment is exposed to.

scholarly journals Improvement of fuel properties of biodiesel with bioadditive ethyl levulinate

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Unlu ◽  
Nezahat Boz ◽  
Oguzhan Ilgen ◽  
Nilufer Hilmioglu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
High Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Astm D6751 ◽  
Flow Improver

AbstractBiodiesel has poor cold flow properties due to their high saturated fatty acid content. Ethyl levulinate is used as bio-based cold flow improver additive in biodiesel. In this work, both ethyl levulinate and biodiesel were synthesized in the laboratory. Ethyl levulinate was added to the biodiesel at different rates, i.e, 5, 10, 15, 20 (vol %). The effect of ethyl levulinate addition on density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, cloud point and pour point was determined and compared to the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 specification. Consequently, ethyl levulinate appears acceptable as a cold flow improver for biodiesel fuel.

Characterization of Blended Biodiesel Fuel Properties with Small Portion of Butanol as a Fuel Additive

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obed M. Ali ◽  
Rizalman Mamat ◽  
Che Ku M. Faizal
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Density Maximum ◽  
Maximum Decrease

The increasing energy demand challenge, in addition to the crises of mineral oils depletion that becoming a very serious topic. As the main fuel used in energy production for all scopes of life now is the fossil fuels, there is an urgent need to find out an alternative fuel to fulfill the energy demand of the world. The feasibility of biodiesel production from palm oil was investigated with respect to its fuel properties and blending characteristics with petroleum diesel. Though biodiesel can replace diesel satisfactorily, problems related to fuel properties persist. In this study an oxygenated additive butanol (BU) was added to palm oil biodiesel (POME)-diesel blend B50 (50% POME + 50% diesel) in the ratios of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% and tested for their properties improvement. The results showed slight improvement in acid value, significant viscosity and density. Maximum decrease in pour point by 6 °C at 5% butanol, on the other hand maximum decrease in energy contenent about 11% at 7% butanol compare to blended fuel B50.

scholarly journals The Production and Comparison of Fuel Properties on Biodiesel with Alternative Fuel: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 560-564
Author(s):  
Norazwan Azman ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources

The energy is the most of the human existence. Consumption fossil fuels has grown substantially and consumption the energy sources that is seen as having a major environmental impacts. Diminution world oil reserves and increasing environmental concern have induced found alternative and renewable energy resources called biodiesel. Biodiesel fuel from the vegetable oil, regarded as of the best candidate for the substitute diesel fuel in diesel engines because of the characteristics closer. The application of biodiesel has shown a positive impact in resolving these issues. This paper introduces some type of alternative fuel whose oils are potential sources of biodiesel. These types are crude palm oil (CPO), straight vegetable oil (SVO), waste cooking oil (WCO) and Jatrophacurcas (JPO). From the review, fuel properties are found to considerablyareon density, viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point. In conclusion, a long period of storage will reduce the quality of biodiesel does not matter what kind of conditions and environments that are exposed to. However, the rate of degradation of biodiesel can be slow if the right circumstances and environment provided.

Influence of Oxygenated Additive on Blended Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obed M. Ali ◽  
Rizalman Mamat ◽  
Che Ku M. Faizil ◽  
Ahmad Fitri Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

Diesel fuel is widely used in almost all scopes of life, especially in the transportation sector which accounts for 36% of total energy consumed in 2008 in Malaysia. The transportation sector represents the higher energy consuming sector after industrial sector. As the main fuel used in diesel engine now is the fossil fuels which depleting continually accompanied by increasing consumption and prices day by day. Blended biodiesel fuel is considered as alternatives to current fossilized fuels at a low blending level less than 30% biodiesel. The fuel physical characteristics are among the most important parameter to determine the quality of each fuel. Though biodiesel can replace diesel satisfactorily, problems related to fuel properties persist at high blending ratio. In this study an oxygenated additive diethyl ether (DEE) was added to palm oil biodiesel (POME)-diesel blend B40 (40% vol. POME + 60% vol. diesel) in the ratios of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% and tested for their properties improvement. These blends were tested for energy content and various fuel properties according to ASTM standards. Qualifying of the effect of additive on palm biodiesel-diesel blended fuel properties can serve the researchers who work on biodiesel fuels to indicate the fuel suitability for diesel engines according to fuel standards. The results showed an improvement in acid value, viscosity and density. The minimum pour point for the blended fuel was-2 °C for B40DE6 compare to 1°C for blended fuel B40, while maximum decrease in energy content for B40DE8 was about 7.36% compare to blended fuel B40.

Engine Performance with Diesel-Biodiesel Blends Fuel and Emission Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5A) ◽  
pp. 779-788
Author(s):  
Marwa N. Kareem ◽  
Adel M. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Hc Emissions

In this study, the sunflowers oil was utilized as for producing biodiesel via a chemical operation, which is called trans-esterification reaction. Iraqi diesel fuel suffers from high sulfur content, which makes it one of the worst fuels in the world. This study is an attempt to improve the fuel specifications by reducing the sulfur content of the addition of biodiesel fuel to diesel where this fuel is free of sulfur and has a thermal energy that approaches to diesel.20%, 30% and 50% of Biodiesel fuel were added to the conventional diesel. Performance tests and pollutants of a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine were performed. The results indicated that the brake thermal efficiency a decreased by (4%, 16%, and 22%) for the B20, B30 and B50, respectively. The increase in specific fuel consumption was (60%, 33%, and 11%) for the B50, B30, and B20 fuels, respectively for the used fuel blends compared to neat diesel fuel. The engine exhaust gas emissions measures manifested a decreased of CO and HC were CO decreased by (13%), (39%) and (52%), and the HC emissions were lower by (6.3%), (32%), and (46%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively, compared to diesel fuel. The reduction of exhaust gas temperature was (7%), (14%), and (32%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively. The NOx emission increased with the increase in biodiesel blends ratio. For B50, the raise was (29.5%) in comparison with diesel fuel while for B30 and B20, the raise in the emissions of NOx was (18%) and...

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