A Novel Electrode for the Degradation of Methylene Blue in Electrochemical System: Preparation and Characterization

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1407-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhou Dai ◽  
Fei Liao ◽  
Shao Qing Cai ◽  
Jia De Wang ◽  
Jian Meng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Cathodic Potential ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Wastewater Pollution

Organic wastewater pollution control was one of the focus researches for environmental workers. In this study, high active electrode was made and hydrogen peroxide production via cathodic reduction of oxygen was studied, the H2O2 generated in the optimization of research and the effect of dye wastewater degradation under the typical conditions were explored. The effects of mass ratio between graphite and PTFE, Na2SO4 concentration, cathodic potential, pH and gas flow rate on hydrogen peroxide output were investigated. The optimized operational parameters were as follows: graphite and PTFE 5:1, pH=6, Na2SO4 concentration 0.5 mol/L, oxygen flow rate 450mL/min, and cathodic potential -1.2 V (vs SCE). Hydrogen peroxide concentration could reach 66.17 mg/L after 2h at optimized condition. Meanwhile, dye removal could reach about 70% at the same time. Therefore, the use of active electrode as cathode has shown promising prospect in dye wastewater treatment.

Effect of Gas Flow Rate on Degradation of 2,4-D with O3 and O3/H2O2

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Lan Chen ◽  
Yu Heng Quan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Transfer Condition ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

The effect of gas flow rate on degradation of chlorinated phenoxy acetic acids herbicide 2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in aqueous solution with O3 or O 3/H 2O2 process was investigated in a bubbling semi-batch reactor. The experiments were conducted to study the degradation rate constant, mass transfer condition, ozone consumption and formation of byproduct hydrogen peroxide at different gas flow rates. The results show that gas flow rate is a complicated parameter in the process. The contact time of gas and liquid phase varies with different gas flow rate, consequently ozone mass transfer condition changes with different gas flow rates. The production rate of ozone, amount of ozone in the end gas and ozone consumption during the degradation with ozonation and O 3/H2O2 process vary with different of gas flow rates. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct during the ozonation or O3/H2O2 process of 2,4-D. The production rate of hydrogen peroxide is also affected by the gas flow rate. In general gas flow rate has both positive and negative effect on the 2,4-D degradation.

scholarly journals Influence of Submerged Entry Nozzle Port Blockage on the Meniscus Fluctuation Considering Various Operational Parameters

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Praveen Mishra ◽  
Apurba Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Submerged Entry Nozzle ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
The Right

The continuous casting process (CCP) is the most vital part of steelmaking. The flow pattern near the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) and mould greatly influence the quality of the slab produced. The present investigation was carried out to gain knowledge regarding the meniscus fluctuation under different nozzle port blockage conditions by water model experiments. The experiments were carried out to study the effect of no blockage, 25% blockage, 50% blockage, and 75% blockage of the nozzle port on mould-level fluctuations. The result shows that when the liquid flow rate increases, the wave amplitude increases. In these experiments, the average and maximum meniscus fluctuations were measured while changing different variables such as the water flow rate, gas flow rate, and one-side percentage blockage of the SEN port while the other side was fully open. The observation shows that when the port size decreases, the fluid steel mixed from the obstructing side to the open side results in asymmetry. The average and maximum wave amplitude increases with decreasing submergence depth. It was observed that the maximum height of the standing waves in the mould continued rising on the non-blocked side of the SEN. Blockage increases from 25% to 75%, and with 75% blockage of the right side of the SEN port, the mould-level fluctuation at the left side of the mould was extreme, while that of the right side was relatively quiet.

Study on the Collaborative Degradation of Acid Red B Dye Wastewater by O3/H2O2

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 872-875
Author(s):  
Hai Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Dye Wastewater ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Decoloration Rate ◽  
Better Than

Acid Red B dye wastewater was collaborative degradated by ozone and hydrogen peroxide. Various reaction conditions are studied which affect on decoloration rates of wastewater. The decoloration rate of Wastewater increases with O3 gas flow rate increasing, and also increases with pH value increasing. O3/H2O2 collaborative effects are better than O3 alone, and the decoloration rate is higher with more H2O2 addition. Ozone Oxidation have a good effect to degrade Acid Red B dye wastewater, the decoloration rate can reach 98% with inflating O3 30min. H2O2 synergy can greatly increase the reaction rate, shorten the reaction time, improve the utilization of ozone.

Augmentation of the Performance of Batch Electrocoagulation Unit by Using Gas Sparging

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hassan Elshazly
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Gas Sparging ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Superficial Gas Velocity ◽  
Time Of Operation

The present work investigates the effect of gas sparging in improving the performance of a batch electrocoagulation unit used to treat wastewater generated from the dyeing industry. Monopolar cylindrical aluminum electrodes were used. Many variables were investigated such as superficial gas velocity, current density, initial dye concentration, area ratio (cathode/anode), time of operation and the effect of adding chemical coagulant as FeSO4. The results show that the percentage of dye removal has been increased by a factor ranging from 2.52 to 5.14 by increasing the gas flow rate from 0.4 to 0.8 liter/min respectively and that about 93.5 percent of the dye can be removed within 60 minutes. Also it was found that using gas sparging is more efficient than adding chemical coagulant as ferrous sulfate for the removal of dye from wastewater. The power consumption for the unit was measured for different gas flow rates and different current densities; the results show that lower gas flow rate can improve the economy of the process.

Augmentation of the Performance of Batch Electrocoagulation Unit by Using Gas Sparging

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 700-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. El-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Sparging ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Superficial Gas Velocity ◽  
Time Of Operation

The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of gas sparging in improving the performance of a batch electrocoagulation unit used for the treatment of wastewater generated from dyeing industry. Monopolar cylindrical aluminum electrodes were used. Many variables were investigated such as superficial gas velocity, current density, initial dye concentration, area ratio (cathode/anode), time of operation and the effect of adding chemical coagulant as Fe (SO4). The results show that the % dye removal has been increased by a factor ranging from 2.52 to 5.14 by increasing the gas flow rate from 0.4 to 0.8 liter/min, respectively, and that about 93.5% of the dye can be removed within 60 minutes. Also it was found that using gas sparging is more efficient than adding chemical coagulant as ferrous sulphate for the removal of dye from wastewater. The power consumption for the unit was measured for different gas flow rates and different current densities; the results show that lower gas flow rate can improve the economy of the process.

scholarly journals HPLC QUANTIFICATION OF LACTOPEROXIDASE IN THERAPEUTIC DAIRY WASTE ENRICHED BY BUBBLESEPARATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabir Kumar Datta ◽  
Goutam Mukhopadhayay ◽  
Amitavo Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Total Proteins

Objective: The objective of this study was to enrich therapeutic proteins and remove pollutants from dairy wastewater for establishing foam fractionation as a lucrative unit operation. Methods: Dairy wastewater collected from dairy industry was processed to fat-free dried protein waste mass diluted to 1-liter feed by distilled water in different concentrations and foam fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulphate (surfactant) to enriched proteins extract (foamate) in a foam fractionator. Foamate were analysed to quantify total proteins and lacto peroxidase respectively. The efficiency was evaluated by varying parameters like pH, initial waste and ionic concentrations, the waste-surfactant mass ratio of feed and flow rate of gas (N2) through feed solution by several experiments. Heat of desorption (λ) and mass transfer coefficient (K) were determined as indicators of adsorptive bubble separation to foam phase governed by Gibb’s equation of adsorption isotherm. Results: The process was optimized at pH 5.5, initial feed concentration 500μg/ml, waste–surfactant mass ratio (1.5:1), gas flow rate (350 ml/min) and ionic concentration 0.1 gram-mole of NaCL per litre of feed with enrichment factor (49.09), percent recovery (98.18%) observed in foamate. One natural preservative specifically lactoperoxidase was quantified by RP-HPLC analysis as 0.49% (w/w) of total proteins at optimal condition. Heat of desorption(λ), mass transfer coefficient(K)were determined 3140cal/mol and 12.68* 10-9 mol/cal/cm2/s respectively at pH 8.5, initial feed concentration 500μg/ml and gas flow rate 350 ml/min. Conclusion: The method may be a useful unit operation for recovery of biomolecules and removal of toxic pollutants from industrial wastewater for coming days.

scholarly journals Oxidation-Enhanced Evaporation in High-Carbon Ferromanganese

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hn Aleksander Hartvedt Olsen Myklebust ◽  
Stefan Andersson ◽  
Gabriella Tranell
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ferroalloy Production ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Ferromanganese

AbstractThermal fume formation is a problem in manganese ferroalloy production and the metal production industry at large. A better understanding of the mechanisms of fume formation and the operational parameters affecting the fume formation rate may help in reducing and managing fuming. This paper aims to investigate the effects of oxygen content and gas flow rate on the fuming rate and fume particulate properties for liquid high-carbon ferromanganese. The fuming rates were attained experimentally by measuring the fume flux with respect to oxygen content and gas velocity above the metal melt. The generated fumes were also characterized in terms of particle size and element distribution between fume and melt. The fuming rates were found to steadily increase with increasing oxygen content and flow rate of the gas up to a point where the curve flattens, following theoretical predictions. However, the highest flux values measured were above the theoretical limitations of the evaporation flux in vacuo given the alloy bulk composition. It is hypothesized that the high rate of fuming is caused by an increased manganese activity at the alloy surface due to local decarburization of the alloy in contact with the oxidizing gas. Graphical Abstract

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

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