Seismic Behavior of some Basilica Churches after L’Aquila 2009 Earthquake

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lucibello ◽  
Giuseppe Brandonisio ◽  
Elena Mele ◽  
Antonello De Luca
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Similar Case ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Observed Damage

In this paper the seismic response of four church buildings in the l’Aquila April 2009 earthquake is analyzed. The buildings are: St. Giusta church, St. Maria di Collemaggio Basilica, St. Silvestro church and St. Pietro di Coppito church. The analyses are carried out by employing a “two-step” procedure suggested by the authors and already applied to similar case studies. The first step consists in three-dimensional linear analysis, while in the second step, two-dimensional non-linear analyses of macro-elements are carried out. The results coming from the two-steps, allow for understanding the observed damage and for approximately assessing the seismic level of the building.

Simple model designed to generate new crystal structures derived from a mother phase; application to molecular compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Gervais ◽  
Gérard Coquerel
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Symmetry Operators ◽  
Molecular Compounds

The basic principles of a model predicting new lattices from a known crystal structure are described. The first of the two-step procedure consists of extracting one- or two-dimensional periodic fragments (PF) from the mother structure. In the second step, symmetry operators are added to the PFs in order to generate one or several new three-dimensional lattices consistent with the 230 space groups. Most of the examples are related to polymorphism, but relationships between racemic compounds and enantiomers, twinning and lamellar epitaxy phenomena are also exemplified.

Cancer Cell Image Analysis and Visualization

2012 ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Tae-Yun Kim ◽  
Hae-Gil Hwang ◽  
Heung-Kook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cell Image ◽  
Cell Image Analysis

We review computerized cancer cell image analysis and visualization research over the past 30 years. Image acquisition, feature extraction, classification, and visualization from two-dimensional to three-dimensional image algorithms are introduced with case studies of bladder, prostate, breast, and renal carcinomas.

scholarly journals SELF-ASSEMBLY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL NANOPOROUS CONTAINERS

NANO ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAIHAI WANG ◽  
MIRA PATEL ◽  
DAVID H. GRACIAS
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Self ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Open Window ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Molecular Separations

We describe a strategy to construct three-dimensional (3D) containers with nanoporous walls by the self-assembly of lithographically patterned two-dimensional cruciforms with solder hinges. The first step involves fabricating two-dimensional (2D) cruciforms composed of six unlinked patterns: each pattern has an open window. The second step entails photolithographic patterning of solder hinges that connect the cruciform. The third step involves the deposition of polystyrene particles within the windows and the subsequent electrodeposition of metal in the voids between the polystyrene particles. Following the dissolution of the particles, the cruciforms are released from the substrate and heated above the melting point of the solder causing the cruciforms to spontaneously fold up into 3D cubic containers with nanoporous walls. We believe these 3D containers with nanoporous side walls are promising for molecular separations and cell-based therapies.

Bang bang motion control of a Cartesian crane

Robotica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DeSantis ◽  
S. Krau
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Motion Controller ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Discrete Action

SUMMARYA motion controller for an overhead Cartesian crane in three-dimensional Euclidean (3-D) space is designed under the constraint that the control action belong to a discrete set of assigned values. The design approach rests upon a two-step procedure: first, a constraintfree motion controller is determined that satisfies the required dynamic specifications; second, this controller is replaced with an equivalent controller satisfying the discrete action constraint. The first step is implemented by means of a heuristic 3-D extension of a well-proven 2-D controller, the second step by applying recent sliding mode results. Numerical simulations illustrate the properties of the resulting feedback system under both nominal and perturbed operating conditions.

scholarly journals 2-Year-Olds Learning From 2D Media With and Without Parental Support: Comparing Two Forms of Joint Media Engagement With Passive Viewing and Learning From 3D

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Heimann ◽  
Louise Hedendahl ◽  
Elida Ottmer ◽  
Thorsten Kolling ◽  
Felix-Sebastian Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Support ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Specific Instruction ◽  
Passive Viewing ◽  
Joint Media Engagement ◽  
Short Video ◽  
3D Presentation

The study investigates to what degree two different joint media engagement (JME) strategies affect children’s learning from two-dimensional (2D)-media. More specifically, we expected an instructed JME strategy to be more effective than a spontaneous, non-instructed, JME strategy. Thirty-five 2-year old children saw a short video on a tablet demonstrating memory tasks together with a parent. The parents were randomized into two groups: One group (N = 17) was instructed to help their child by describing the actions they saw on the video while the other group (N = 18) received no specific instruction besides “do as you usually do.” The parents in the instructed group used significantly more words and verbs when supporting their child but both groups of children did equally well on the memory test. In a second step, we compared the performance of the two JME groups with an opportunistic comparison group (N = 95) tested with half of the memory tasks live and half of the tasks on 2D without any JME support. Results showed that the JME intervention groups received significantly higher recall scores than the no JME 2D comparison group. In contrast, the three-dimensional (3D) comparison group outperformed both JME groups. In sum, our findings suggest that JME as implemented here is more effective in promoting learning than a no JME 2D demonstration but less so than the standard 3D presentation of the tasks.

scholarly journals DIMENSIONALITY EFFECTS IN TURING PATTERN FORMATION

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (29) ◽  
pp. 5541-5553 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEEMU LEPPÄNEN ◽  
MIKKO KARTTUNEN ◽  
KIMMO KASKI ◽  
RAFAEL A. BARRIO
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Turing Instability ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pattern Selection ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Turing Pattern ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Difference

The problem of morphogenesis and Turing instability are revisited from the point of view of dimensionality effects. First the linear analysis of a generic Turing model is elaborated to the case of multiple stationary states, which may lead the system to bistability. The difference between two- and three-dimensional pattern formation with respect to pattern selection and robustness is discussed. Preliminary results concerning the transition between quasi-two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures are presented and their relation to experimental results are addressed.

Cancer Cell Image Analysis and Visualization

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Tae-Yun Kim ◽  
Hae-Gil Hwang ◽  
Heung-Kook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cell Image ◽  
Cell Image Analysis

We review computerized cancer cell image analysis and visualization research over the past 30 years. Image acquisition, feature extraction, classification, and visualization from two-dimensional to three-dimensional image algorithms are introduced with case studies of bladder, prostate, breast, and renal carcinomas.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Dynamic Behavior of Embankment on Liquefiable Ground

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
K. Watanabe ◽  
A. Zafar ◽  
M. Tomita ◽  
K. Nishikouri
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

In recent years, there has been serious damage to embankments on liquefied ground because of large earthquakes. To understand such damage, many two-dimensional shaking table model tests have been performed, in both gravitational and centrifugal fields, to investigate the dynamic behavior and residual displacement of embankments and river dikes on liquefiable ground. In recent years, three-dimensional numerical analysis has been used in practical design because it is difficult to consider the complex dynamic behaviors of three-dimensional embankments and the surrounding liquefied ground in a two-dimensional analysis. However, there are only a limited number of cases in which the applicability of three-dimensional analysis has been validated based on comparisons with true values derived from model tests or data from actual disasters. Therefore, in this study, a series of shaking table tests were conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of a three-dimensional embankment on liquefiable ground. In addition, the effect of the shaking direction on the seismic behavior of the embankment was evaluated. The experiment revealed that the residual deformation and its dominant direction were significantly affected by the three-dimensional shape and total weight of the embankment, not by the shaking direction. This result indicates that the influence of the three-dimensional shape of the embankment on the deformation behavior cannot be ignored, and that the influence should be properly evaluated in seismic design.

Three-Dimensional Linear Analysis of Rotating Cavitation in Inducers Using an Annular Cascade Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Watanabe ◽  
Kazuhiko Yokota ◽  
Yoshinobu Tsujimoto ◽  
Kenjiro Kamijo
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Stream Surface ◽  
Actuator Disk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annular Cascade ◽  
Disk Method

A three-dimensional linear analysis of rotating cavitation is carried out using an annular cascade model. The purpose is to investigate three-dimensional effects of cavitation, including the radial change of peripheral velocity and the hub/tip ratio of the impeller, on rotating cavitation in inducers. A semi-actuator disk method is employed. It is assumed that the mean stream surface does not radially shift across the impeller. It is shown that there are many modes of instabilities corresponding to rotating cavitation with various radial modes travelling forward and backward. The 0th radial modes are found to correspond to the forward and backward travelling modes predicted by a previous two-dimensional analysis (Tsujimoto et al, 1993). The three-dimensionality of the geometry has the effects of diminishing the amplifying region of these fundamental modes. It is also shown that the amplifying regions of higher radial modes may be larger than those of 0th radial modes. However, it is shown that the three-dimensionality of cavitation does not significantly affect rotating cavitation.

High Resolution Microscopy of Multi-Layered Biological Crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
T.W. Jeng ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Complex Crystal ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

This tutorial will discuss the methodology of low dose electron diffraction and imaging of crystalline biological objects, the problems of data interpretation for two-dimensional projected density maps of glucose embedded protein crystals, the factors to be considered in combining tilt data from three-dimensional crystals, and finally, the prospects of achieving a high resolution three-dimensional density map of a biological crystal. This methodology will be illustrated using two proteins under investigation in our laboratory, the T4 DNA helix destabilizing protein gp32*I and the crotoxin complex crystal.

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