scholarly journals DIMENSIONALITY EFFECTS IN TURING PATTERN FORMATION

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (29) ◽  
pp. 5541-5553 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEEMU LEPPÄNEN ◽  
MIKKO KARTTUNEN ◽  
KIMMO KASKI ◽  
RAFAEL A. BARRIO
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Turing Instability ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pattern Selection ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Turing Pattern ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Difference

The problem of morphogenesis and Turing instability are revisited from the point of view of dimensionality effects. First the linear analysis of a generic Turing model is elaborated to the case of multiple stationary states, which may lead the system to bistability. The difference between two- and three-dimensional pattern formation with respect to pattern selection and robustness is discussed. Preliminary results concerning the transition between quasi-two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures are presented and their relation to experimental results are addressed.

Theory of ultrasonic attenuation in one and two dimensional metals

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 1454-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tiedje ◽  
R. R. Haering
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Attenuation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Difference

The theory of ultrasonic attenuation in metals is extended so that it applies to quasi one and two dimensional electronic systems. It is shown that the attenuation in such systems differs significantly from the well-known results for three dimensional systems. The difference is particularly marked for one dimensional systems, for which the attenuation is shown to be strongly temperature dependent.

Pattern formation and pattern selection in the Landau–Ginzburg model of critical phenomena

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 760-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Tuszynski ◽  
M. Otwinowski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Critical Phenomena ◽  
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pattern Selection ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
The Family ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this paper we investigate the family of nonlinear partial differential equations used to describe the kinetics of critical phenomena within the Landau–Ginzburg model. An analysis of the recently obtained symmetry-reduction results for a number of such equations is provided from the point of view of pattern formation at criticality. Various possibilities occur depending on the choice of control parameters. An illustration is provided using several physical examples such as metamagnets and liquid crystals.

Microstructural Changes Related to Through-Wall Attenuation of Neutron Irradiation Embrittlement

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Soneda ◽  
Kenji Nishida ◽  
Kenji Dohi ◽  
Akiyoshi Nomoto ◽  
William L. Server ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Irradiation Embrittlement ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
High Copper ◽  
The Difference

The through-wall attenuation of neutron fluence of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels is often expressed using an exponential decay function based on some estimate of displacements per atom (dpa). In order to verify this function, an irradiation project was performed in which 18 layers of Charpy specimens and one central temperatue control layer were stacked in a block to simulate a 190 mm thick RPV wall. Three western-type RPV steels (medium and low copper plates and a high copper Linde 80 flux weld) were irradiated in this project. Mechanical property tests of these materials have been performed under a consortium of EPRI, CRIEPI, NRI-Rez and ATI Consulting to fully characterize the mechanical properties in terms of Charpy transition temperature and upper-shelf energy, as well as reference fracture toughness using the Master Curve. Some results have been reported at previous PVP conferences. In this paper, we report the results of microstructural characterization using three-dimensional atom probe tomography (APT) of the medium copper plate and the high copper weld metal. The microstructures obtained by APT reasonably explain the changes in mechanical properties of these materials, and the difference in the response of these materials to irradiation was also identified. The mixed effect of fluence/flux/spectrum is discussed from the microstructural point of view.

Plastic arts education and example of the students engineering faculty

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Ayse Bilir
Keyword(s):  
Arts Education ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plastic Arts ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Elective Course ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic Level

In the act of acquiring knowledge, as it is in many other fields of life, the ability to use technology has taken the lead in the world of education, as well. Engineering education is one of these areas. The increasing dependence of people on technology is alarming. In this study, it is examined that how students at the Faculty of Engineering evaluate their visual perception change and the point of view to the arts and arts education after they receive plastic arts education at a basic level. Written opinions were gathered from 150 students who took the elective course ‘Plastic Arts Education’ at the Faculty of Fine Arts at Hacettepe University. 14-week syllabus is used in this course, including one theoretical hour and two practical hours each week. This syllabus covers two or three dimensional applied studies, the research and examination of art and its movements, artists, works of art, and exhibition and museum visits. Written findings indicate that students have chosen this course since they were fed up with their theoretical courses, or the workload of courses, and realized they had an interest towards art thinking that it merely and simply requires ability, and they were excited to recognize the difference between ‘look’ and ‘see’. Keywords: Plastic Arts, art education, engineering students, Fine Arts, technology.                                                                 

scholarly journals Coherent structures and chaotic advection in three dimensions

2010 ◽  
Vol 654 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN WIGGINS
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Coherent Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Chaotic Advection ◽  
Periodic Flow ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Time Periodic

In the 1980s the incorporation of ideas from dynamical systems theory into theoretical fluid mechanics, reinforced by elegant experiments, fundamentally changed the way in which we view and analyse Lagrangian transport. The majority of work along these lines was restricted to two-dimensional flows and the generalization of the dynamical systems point of view to fully three-dimensional flows has seen less progress. This situation may now change with the work of Pouransari et al. (J. Fluid Mech., this issue, vol. 654, 2010, pp. 5–34) who study transport in a three-dimensional time-periodic flow and show that completely new types of dynamical systems structures and consequently, coherent structures, form a geometrical template governing transport.

scholarly journals Modeling in AUTOCAD for bachelors

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Л.В. Карпюк ◽  
Н.О. Давіденко
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Graphic Editor

The article discusses the methods of using the AutoCad graphic editor for creating three-dimensional objects. The possibilities of three-dimensional modeling in the AutoCad graphic editor for optimizing the educational process of bachelors of technical specialties are also considered. The article analyzes the best ways to create mechanical engineering drawings.The most developed software tool for the production of design documentation is AutoCAD - a universal graphic design system. Creating models of any complexity in space by using this graphic editor, the user will be able to see their relative position, estimate the distance between them. The model can be freely moved in space, viewing many options. The ability to control the point of view allows to conveniently select the view of the 3D model that is being developed. Zooming, panning in real time with the ability to freely rotate the camera around the model provide the ability to quickly view objects from any point of view. The article provides examples of choosing the most optimal option for creating a three-dimensional model. The traditional way to create a 3D model drawing is to make 2D views of the model. When creating a flat drawing, there is a possibility of error when making projections, since they are created independently from each other and consist of several images. It is rather difficult to represent an object in space from a flat drawing. At present, modern software graphic editors are aimed at creating three-dimensional models that allow to create realistic models and, on their basis, get two-dimensional projections. Graphic editor AutoCad allows to create three-dimensional objects based on standard commands, in the form of a cylinder, cone, box, torus, etc., when editing which you can get the desired shapes. After creating a three-dimensional model, the user can get its two-dimensional projections not only on the main planes, but also on any plane at will. The 3D modeling method allows you to create a complex drawing with any number of images based on a 3D model. There are ways to create 2D plane drawings from a 3D model and the ability to edit ready-made designs that can be inserted from model space into paper space. Editing takes place by changing the parameters of a 3D object in model space, and these changes are automatically reflected in paper space. This method allows us to use the tools to quickly create a system of 3-4 linked views for a 3D AutoCad model.

HYBRID REFLECTIONS IN POST-MODERN GRAPHIC DESIGN POSTERS

ATLAS JOURNAL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (44) ◽  
pp. 2207-2213
Author(s):  
Fatıma TOKGÖZ GÜN ◽  
Mehmet ÖZKARTAL
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Poster Art ◽  
Motion Images ◽  
Over Time

Hybrid works in art have many examples from past to present. Hybridization in poster art has been in question since the first years when posters started to appear. Hybridization in designs can occur in terms of both method and technique. In present study, it is mentioned how graphic design has removed the boundaries between itself and many disciplines since the use of technology in the field of art and how it allows hybrid studies. As it is known, the main purpose of graphic design is to convey an existing idea to the other party in the simplest way. For this reason, graphic design, which updates itself over time, has added motion and sound to its work area and shows itself with effective designs. While technically designs consist of two-dimensional studies for years, they can also be designed in three-dimensional or even four-dimensional forms with hybrid methods. While poster designs are prepared as flat and static, they update themselves with kinetic typography and motion images. Moreover, with hybrid presentations such as augmented reality and virtual reality in current works, designs interact more with people. It is seen that the artists who can think from a hybrid point of view attract more attention and interaction with the hybridity reflected in their designs, and they also reach the intended result in a catchy manner.

scholarly journals Comparison of post-operative three-dimensional and two-dimensional evaluation of component position for total knee arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Tanifuji ◽  
Tomoharu Mochizuki ◽  
Hiroshi Yamagiwa ◽  
Takashi Sato ◽  
Satoshi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Component ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Component Position ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
Operative Evaluation ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Difference ◽  
3D Evaluation

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the post-operative three-dimensional (3D) femoral and tibial component positions in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by the same co-ordinates’ system as for pre-operative planning and to compare it with a two-dimensional (2D) evaluation. Materials and methods Sixty-five primary TKAs due to osteoarthritis were included. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the femur and tibia was obtained and pre-operative 3D planning was performed. Then, 3D and 2D post-operative evaluations of the component positions were performed. KneeCAS (LEXI, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), a lower-extremity alignment assessment system, was used for the 3D post-operative evaluation. Standard short-knee radiographs were used for the 2D post-operative evaluation. Differences between the pre-operative planning and post-operative coronal and sagittal alignment of components were investigated and compared with the results of the 3D and 2D evaluations. Results According to the 3D evaluation, the difference between the pre-operative planning and actual post-operative sagittal alignment of the femoral component and the coronal and sagittal alignments of the tibial component were 2.6° ± 1.8°, 2.2° ± 1.8° and 3.2° ± 2.4°, respectively. Using the 2D evaluation, they were 1.9° ± 1.5°, 1.3° ± 1.2° and 1.8° ± 1.4°, making the difference in 3D evaluation significantly higher (p = 0.013, = 0.003 and < 0.001). For the sagittal alignment of the femoral component and the coronal and sagittal alignment of the tibial component, the outlier (> ± 3°) ratio for the 3D evaluation was also significantly higher than that of the 2D evaluation (p < 0.001, = 0.009 and < 0.001). Conclusions The difference between the pre-operative planning and post-operative component alignment in the 3D evaluation is significantly higher than that of the 2D, even if the same cases have been evaluated. Two-dimensional evaluation may mask or underestimate the post-operative implant malposition. Three-dimensional evaluation using the same co-ordinates’ system as for pre-operative planning is necessary to accurately evaluate the post-operative component position.

scholarly journals Comparison of elegance of Japanese and European jackets

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
KyoungOk Kim ◽  
Asako Nozawa ◽  
Masayuki Takatera
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting the impression of elegance of a jacket’s appearance. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey on the impression of jacket appearance was conducted using images of jackets of Japanese and European brands. A paired comparison and sensory test were carried out for four Japanese and European jackets. To explain different jacket appearances, the jacket patterns and silhouettes were investigated from an engineering point of view. Findings – Most Japanese subjects responded that European jackets in images were more elegant and characteristic of European style. In a comparison of jacket silhouettes, Jacket 1 (European brand) was evaluated as the most elegant. The waist and bust parts of Jacket 1 had three-dimensional shape whereas the Japanese jackets had planar and rectilinear shapes. This was due to the difference in the waist darts and curved lines in the patterns. Jacket appearance in terms of elegance is thus mainly affected by the waist and bust shapes, which are affected by darts and lines in the patterns. Originality/value – This is pioneering research on the elegance of garment appearance from an engineering point of view, using actual clothing. The comparison results for commercial jackets will be valuable to the apparel industry.

scholarly journals COMPUTABLE ESTIMATES OF THE MODELING ERROR RELATED TO KIRCHHOFF–LOVE PLATE MODEL

2010 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 409-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEY REPIN ◽  
STEFAN SAUTER
Keyword(s):  
A Posteriori Error Estimates ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Posteriori Error ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plate Model ◽  
Elastic Plates ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Approximation Errors ◽  
The Difference

The Kirchhoff–Love plate model is widely used in the analysis of thin elastic plates. It is well known that Kirchhoff–Love solutions can be viewed as certain limits of displacements and stresses for elastic plates where the thickness tends to zero. In this note, we consider the problem from a different point of view and derive computable upper bounds of the difference between the exact three-dimensional solution and a solution computed by using the Kirchhoff–Love hypotheses. This estimate is valid for any value of the thickness parameter. In combination with a posteriori error estimates for approximation errors, this estimate allows the direct measurement of both, approximation and modeling errors, encompassed in a numerical solution of the Kirchhoff–Love model. We prove that the upper bound possesses necessary asymptotic properties and, therefore, does not deteriorate as the thickness tends to zero.

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