Preparation and Electrochromic Characterization of Nanocrystalline Nio-Base Thin Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 2355-2364
Author(s):  
Lian Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
X Ray

A precursor solution was prepared by dissolving anhydrous nickel chloride, anhydrous cobalt chloride and citric acid in butanol and ethanol. The solution was refluxed under continuous stirring, and then through hydrolyzing to change to a stable sol. To aerate dry NH3into the solution after being refluxed can deposit the chloride ions completely .The thin films were deposited by dip-coating method. The thin films were Characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochromic performance of films were Characterized by means of electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) measurements, and optical (transmittance) method. Results show that the thin films can transform from amorphous into cubic-NiO nanocrystalline heated at 280°С for 30 min and the xerogel powder must be heated at 300°С for 30 min. The results of films heated at different temperature show that the film heated below crystal temperature has a loose, island amorphous structure, and that of the films heated at 300°С has a compact, regular square structure. The results of cyclic voltammogram and transmittance spectra of films suggest that the molar ratio of Ni/Co=5 cobalt doped can obviously decrease the potential of oxidation and reduction reaction, and make the films present the lowest transmittance in visible range in colored state. The films prepared showed electrochromic reversibility only in crystal state. The film heated at 300°С for 30 min occurred the highest intensity of the peak of current density of oxidation and reduction..

scholarly journals Photocatalytic activity of graphene oxide–TiO 2 thin films sensitized by natural dyes extracted from Bactris guineensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181824 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Vallejo ◽  
Angie Rueda ◽  
Carlos Díaz-Uribe ◽  
Carlos Grande ◽  
Patricia Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Natural Sensitizer

This study synthesized and characterized composites of graphene oxide and TiO 2 (GO–TiO 2 ). GO–TiO 2 thin films were deposited using the doctor blade technique. Subsequently, the thin films were sensitized with a natural dye extracted from a Colombian source ( Bactris guineensis ). Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and diffuse reflectance measurements were used for physico-chemical characterization. All the samples were polycrystalline in nature, and the diffraction signals corresponded to the TiO 2 anatase crystalline phase. Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the synthesis of composite thin films, and the SEM analysis confirmed the TiO 2 films morphological modification after the process of GO incorporation and sensitization. XPS results suggested a possibility of appearance of titanium (III) through the formation of oxygen vacancies (O v ). Furthermore, the optical results indicated that the presence of the natural sensitizer and GO improved the optical properties of TiO 2 in the visible range. Finally, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was studied under visible irradiation in aqueous solution, and pseudo-first-order model was used to obtain kinetic information about photocatalytic degradation. These results indicated that the presence of GO has an important synergistic effect in conjunction with the natural sensitizer, reaching a photocatalytic yield of 33%.

Structural and Morphological Properties of HfxZr1-xO2 Thin Films Prepared by Pechini Route

2010 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
L.A. García-Cerda ◽  
Bertha A. Puente Urbina ◽  
M.A. Quevedo-López ◽  
B.E. Gnade ◽  
Leo A. Baldenegro-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dip Coating Technique ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, HfxZr1-xO2 (0 < x < 1) thin films were deposited on silicon wafers using a dip-coating technique and by using a precursor solution prepared by the Pechini route. The effects of annealing temperature on the structure and morphological properties of the proposed films were investigated. HfxZr1-xO2 thin films with 1, 3 and 5 layers were annealed in air for 2 h at 600 and 800 °C and the structural and morphological properties studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results show that the films have monoclinic and tetragonal structure depending of the Hf and Zr concentration. SEM photographs show that all films consist of nanocrystalline grains with sizes in the range of 6 - 13 nm. The total film thickness is about 90 nm.

scholarly journals Improvement of Sensing Performance of Impedancemetric C2H2 Sensor Using SmFeO3 Thin-Films Prepared by a Polymer Precursor Method

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohisa Tasaki ◽  
Satoko Takase ◽  
Youichi Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Polymer Precursor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensor Material ◽  
Perovskite Type

A sensitive an impedancemetric acetylene (C2H2) gas sensor device could be fabricated by using perovskite-type SmFeO3 thin-film as a sensor material. The uniform SmFeO3 thin-films were prepared by spin-coating and focusing on the effects of polymer precursor solutions. The prepared precursors and thin-films were characterized by means of thermal analysis,　Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy . It was found that particle growth and increase in homogeneity of the prepared thin-film could be accelerated by the addition of acetyl acetone (AcAc) as a coordination agent in the polymer precursor solution. Moreover, the highly crystallized thin-film-based sensor showed good response properties and stabilities to a low C2H2 concentration between 0.5 and 2.0 ppm.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Visible Light-Activated TiO2 Thin Films with Low Level of Fe Doping

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Meng ◽  
Xiuhua Liu ◽  
Yun Xie ◽  
Yang Du ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
X Ray

Development of effective antibacterial visible light-activated photocatalytic materials in industries including wastewater treatment and food industry has attracted increasing attention. In this work, Fe-doped TiO2 thin films with different doping levels on a glass substrate were prepared by the sol-gel dip-coating method. The as-prepared films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Raman spectroscopy and XRD results show the crystalline phase of titanium dioxide was anatase, and the range of the crystal size for the films was 19.24–22.24 nm. XPS results indicate that iron was in the form of Fe3+ in Fe-doped TiO2 films. Regarding the antibacterial properties of TiO2 films, the order of antibacterial activity of TiO2 films was 0.1 at% Fe > 0.5 at% Fe > 1.0 at% TiO2 > bare TiO2 > 2.0 at% Fe > 3.45 at% Fe. 0.1 at% of Fe is the optimum dopant ratio related to antibacterial activity. 0.1 at% Fe-doped TiO2 film is highly efficient in inactivating E. coli under 3 h of visible light irradiation, and it remains efficient even in real dye waste water.

BaTiO3 Thin Films Prepared By Dip-Coating Process

1994 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelcy Della ◽  
Santina Mohallem
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Titanium Alkoxides ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Withdrawal Speed ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Tetragonal Batio

AbstractThin films of pure barium titanate have been prepared by the sol-gel process from organomettalic sols containing titanium alkoxides and barium acetate (molar ratio [Ba]/[Ti]=l). It leads to transparent, homogeneous and adherent coatings. The influence of various parameters such as chemical concentration, viscosity, withdrawal speed and temperature of densification on film thickness is described. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction during their heat treatment. Their crystallization temperature was observed to be around 450°C. No variations in the optical properties were observed during the crystallization, and it occurred without the appearance of cracks or pinholes. Tetragonal BaTiO3 structure was observed, and the ferroeletric properties were investigated as functions of thickness and grain size.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of silicon suboxides obtained by the sol-gel method

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Santucci ◽  
E. Cordeschi ◽  
L. Lozzi ◽  
M. Passacantando ◽  
P. Picozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Ion Sputtering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Compositional Properties

Silicon suboxides thin films obtained by sol-gel and dip-coating methods, starting from a sol containing different percentages of TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) and MTEOS (methyltriethoxysilane), were grown onto silicon substrates. The samples were annealed at 100, 300, and 500 °C, and the electronic and compositional properties of the surface were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detecting the Si “Auger parameter” and the valence band. The effects produced by an ion-sputtering treatment of the samples were also studied.

Effects of Substrates on the Composition and Microstructure of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by the LPD Method

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huogen Yu ◽  
Jia Guo Yu ◽  
Bei Cheng ◽  
C.H. Ao ◽  
S.C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Substrates

TiO2 thin films were prepared on soda lime glass, fused quartz and stainless steel substrates by liquid phase deposition (LPD) method from a (NH4)2TiF6 aqueous solution upon the addition of boric acid (H3BO3), and then calcined at 500oC for 2 h. The prepared films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the substrates obviously influenced the element composition and microstructure of TiO2 thin films. Except Ti, O and a small amount of F and N elements, which came from the precursor solution, some Si (or Fe) element in the thin films deposited on soda lime glass and quartz substrates (or on stainless steel substrate) was confirmed. The Si (or Fe) element in the thin films could be attributed to two sources. One was from the SiF6 2- ions (or FeF6 2- ions) formed by a reaction between the treatment solution and soda lime glass or quartz (or stainless steel) substrates. The other was attributed to the diffusion of Si (or Fe) from the surface of substrates into the TiO2 thin films after calcination at 500oC. The Si (or Fe) element in the TiO2 thin films could behave as a dopant and resulted in the formation of composite SiO2/TiO2 (or Fe2O3/TiO2) thin films on the substrates.

Preparation and Characterization of Cd1-xZnxS Thin Films with Chemical Bath Deposition

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Li Mei Zhou ◽  
Yun Long Li ◽  
Yue Jie Dong
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
X Ray

Cd1-xZnxS thin films were grown on soda-lime glass substrates by chemical-bath deposition (CBD). The surface morphology, thickness, composition, state of the constituent elements and optical properties of the films were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), step height measurement instrument, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and spectrophotometer, respectively. The affect of annealing for the Cd1-xZnxS thin films was studied. The Cd1-xZnxS thin films had cubic crystal structure and the average transmittance was 86.8% in the visible range with the optical band gap of 2.61eV and the films thickness was about 50nm. The atomic ratio of (Cd + Zn): S increased after annealing.

Phase configuration, nanostructure, and mechanical behaviors in Ti-B-C-N thin films

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2520-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghao Lu ◽  
Junping Wang ◽  
Yaogen Shen ◽  
Dongbai Sun
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Solution Hardening ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
N Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanocomposite Thin Films ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Nano Grains

A series of Ti-B-C-N thin films were deposited on Si (100) at 500 °C by incorporation of different amounts of N into Ti-B-C using reactive unbalanced dc magnetron sputtering in an Ar-N2 gas mixture. The effect of N content on phase configuration, nanostructure evolution, and mechanical behaviors was studied by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and microindentation. It was found that the pure Ti-B-C was two-phased quasi-amorphous thin films comprising TiCx and TiB2. Incorporation of a small amount of N not only dissolved into TiCx but also promoted growth of TiCx nano-grains. As a result, nanocomposite thin films of nanocrystalline (nc-) TiCx(Ny) (x + y < 1) embedded into amorphous (a-) TiB2 were observed until nitrogen fully filled all carbon vacancy lattice (at that time x + y = 1). Additional increase of N content promoted formation of a-BN at the cost of TiB2, which produced nanocomposite thin films of nc-Ti(Cx,N1-x) embedded into a-(TiB2, BN). Formation of BN also decreased nanocrystalline size. Both microhardness and elastic modulus values were increased with an increase of N content and got their maximums at nanocomposite thin films consisting of nc-Ti(Cx,N1-x) and a-TiB2. Both values were decreased after formation of BN. Residual compressive stress value was successively decreased with an increase of N content. Enhancement of hardness was attributed to formation of nanocomposite structure and solid solution hardening.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol Using a Copper-Zirconia Imidazolate Framework

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Sonam Goyal ◽  
Maizatul Shima Shaharun ◽  
Ganaga Suriya Jayabal ◽  
Chong Fai Kait ◽  
Bawadi Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Enhanced Yield

A set of novel photocatalysts, i.e., copper-zirconia imidazolate (CuZrIm) frameworks, were synthesized using different zirconia molar ratios (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mmol). The photoreduction process of CO2 to methanol in a continuous-flow stirred photoreactor at pressure and temperature of 1 atm and 25 °C, respectively, was studied. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The highest methanol activity of 818.59 µmol/L.g was recorded when the CuZrIm1 catalyst with Cu/Zr/Im/NH4OH molar ratio of 2:1:4:2 (mmol/mmol/mmol/M) was employed. The enhanced yield is attributed to the presence of Cu2+ oxidation state and the uniformly dispersed active metals. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the reaction parameters. The predicted results agreed well with the experimental ones with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99. The optimization results showed that the highest methanol activity of 1054 µmol/L.g was recorded when the optimum parameters were employed, i.e., stirring rate (540 rpm), intensity of light (275 W/m2) and photocatalyst loading (1.3 g/L). The redox potential value for the CuZrIm1 shows that the reduction potential is −1.70 V and the oxidation potential is +1.28 V for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol. The current work has established the potential utilization of the imidazolate framework as catalyst support for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol.

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