Analysis on Cellulose Crystalline and FTIR Spectra of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam Wood and Its Main Chemical Compositions

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
Cong Jin Chen ◽  
Jian Ju Luo ◽  
Xiu Ping Huang ◽  
Shu Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
X Ray

Cellulose crystalline and FTIR spectra ofArtocarpus heterophyllusLam wood and its main chemical compositions were analyzed.The result showed that the FTIR spectra of original wood samples fromArtocarpus heterophyllusLam wood present the same basic structure of all wood samples, the FTIR spectra of extracted wood samples were compared with the original wood sample, some of their absorption peaks of the band shifted to long or short wave, the wood and the solvent had little chemical reaction in the extracting process. FTIR spectra crystalline index of nitric acid-ethanol cellulose fromArtocarpus heterophyllusLam wood is NO′KI10.984, O′KI21.59, X-ray diffraction crystalline index of nitric acid-ethanol cellulose fromArtocarpus heterophyllusLam wood is 0.794.

Microstructure and crystal symmetry of Pb2Sr2(Y/Ca)Cu3O9−δ

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Y. P. Lin ◽  
J. S. Xue ◽  
J. E. Greedan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Crystal Symmetry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
New Family ◽  
Convergent Beam

A new family of high temperature superconductors based on Pb2Sr2YCu3O9−δ has recently been reported. One method of improving Tc has been to replace Y partially with Ca. Although the basic structure of this type of superconductors is known, the detailed structure is still unclear, and various space groups has been proposed. In our work, crystals of Pb2Sr2YCu3O9−δ with dimensions up to 1 × 1 × 0.25.mm and with Tc of 84 K have been grown and their superconducting properties described. The defects and crystal symmetry have been investigated using electron microscopy performed on crushed crystals supported on a holey carbon film.Electron diffraction confirmed x-ray diffraction results which showed that the crystals are primitive orthorhombic with a=0.5383, b=0.5423 and c=1.5765 nm. Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction (CBED) patterns for the and axes are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 respectively.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Crystal Chemistry of Elpidite, Na2Zr[Si6O15]·3H2O and (Na1+YCax□1−X−Y)Σ=2Zr[Si6O15]·(3−X)H2O, and Ab Initio Modeling of IR Spectra

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2160
Author(s):  
Alexander Bogdanov ◽  
Ekaterina Kaneva ◽  
Roman Shendrik
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Special Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Radioactive Species

Elpidite belongs to a special group of microporous zirconosilicates, which are of great interest due to their capability to uptake various molecules and ions, e.g., some radioactive species, in their structural voids. The results of a combined electron probe microanalysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the crystals of elpidite from Burpala (Russia) and Khan-Bogdo (Mongolia) deposits are reported. Some differences in the chemical compositions are observed and substitution at several structural positions within the structure of the compounds are noted. Based on the obtained results, a detailed crystal–chemical characterization of the elpidites under study was carried out. Three different structure models of elpidite were simulated: Na2ZrSi6O15·3H2O (related to the structure of Russian elpidite), partly Ca-replaced Na1.5Ca0.25ZrSi6O15·2.75H2O (close to elpidite from Mongolia), and a hypothetical CaZrSi6O15·2H2O. The vibration spectra of the models were obtained and compared with the experimental one, taken from the literature. The strong influence of water molecule vibrations on the shape of IR spectra of studied structural models of elpidite is discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Hydrogen bonding in melamine compounds of amino acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C534-C534
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Ghouari ◽  
Nourreedine Benali-Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Organic Cation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Bonding Electron

The theme of this work is part of the study of intermolecular interactions that hold the crystal structures of hybrid compounds based sulphuric acid, nitric acid, Melamine, Diethylamine, L-(+) - glutamic acid, DL-2-amino butyric acid. The aim of this work is to enlarge our laboratory researches [1-3] and methods in synthesis of new hybrid compounds consisting in organic cation(s) and mineral anion(s). We have obtained single crystals of a few samples after several trials and we plan to synthesize and characterize these crystals by X-ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman. The crystals structures allow us to study the 3D network hydrogen bonding, electron density and collect several other informations useful in FTIR and Raman studies of these hybrid compounds.

scholarly journals Study on the Catalytic Effect of Nitric Acid Activated Myanmar Natural Clay for the Degradation of Plastic Wastes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Amie Thant ◽  
Chaw Su Su Hmwe
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

In this study, the performance of different acid treated Myanmar Natural Clay (Mabisian) was conducted the pyrolysis of mixed plastic wastes, 40% high density polyethylene, 30% polypropylene, 25% low density polyethylene and 5% polystyrene. Mabisian clay was refluxed with different concentration of nitric acid (2M, 4M, 6M, 8M, 10M, 12M and 14M)  at 100ºC for 3hrs followed by calcination at 500ºC for 1hr. The physico-chemical characteristics of resulted leached clay were studied by X-Ray Fluoresence spectroscopy (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The pyrolytic oil was characterized by Gas Chromatography – mass spectopy (GC-MS). XRF and FTIR studies indicated that acid treatment under reflux condition lead to the removal of octahedral Al3+ cations along with other impurities.  The chemical treatment increased the Si/Al ratio.  The maximum liquid yield (75%) was obtained at 12 M nitric acid, 3hr reaction time and 100 º C reaction temperatures. In addition, the percent peak area of gasoline range hydrocarbon was obtained 55.6% at optimum condition. Thus, the treated clay can be used as promising as catalyst support.

scholarly journals Thermal History of Matrix Forsterite Grains from Murchison Based on High-resolution Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Giulia Perotti ◽  
Henning O. Sørensen ◽  
Henning Haack ◽  
Anja C. Andersen ◽  
Dario Ferreira Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chondrule Formation

Abstract Protoplanetary disks are dust- and gas-rich structures surrounding protostars. Depending on the distance from the protostar, this dust is thermally processed to different degrees and accreted to form bodies of varying chemical compositions. The primordial accretion processes occurring in the early protoplanetary disk such as chondrule formation and metal segregation are not well understood. One way to constrain them is to study the morphology and composition of forsteritic grains from the matrix of carbonaceous chondrites. Here, we present high-resolution ptychographic X-ray nanotomography and multimodal chemical microtomography (X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence) to reveal the early history of forsteritic grains extracted from the matrix of the Murchison CM2.5 chondrite. The 3D electron density maps revealed, at unprecedented resolution (64 nm), spherical inclusions containing Fe–Ni, very little silica-rich glass and void caps (i.e., volumes where the electron density is consistent with conditions close to vacuum) trapped in forsterite. The presence of the voids along with the overall composition, petrological textures, and shrinkage calculations is consistent with the grains experiencing one or more heating events with peak temperatures close to the melting point of forsterite (∼2100 K), and subsequently cooled and contracted, in agreement with chondrule-forming conditions.

scholarly journals Research of Polymetallic Sulfide Industrial Waste Nitric Acid Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Rogozhnikov D.A. ◽  
Dizer O.A. ◽  
Shoppert A.A.
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nitric Acid Leaching ◽  
Kinetic Features

<p>Thermodynamic and kinetic features studies of polymetallic sulfide industrial waste nitric acid leaching were carried out. Elemental and phase composition of investigated raw material were studied with X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy methods. Calculations of the Gibbs energy change for the likely reactions of sulfide minerals with nitric acid were performed. In order to determine the most probable conditions of the sulfide industrial waste leaching in nitric acid, as well as the mutual influence of the produced pulp components on the performance of the process, the kinetics evaluation of multicomponent sulfide industrial waste in a nitric medium was studied using mathematical methods.</p>

scholarly journals Mineralogical Study and Genetic Model of Efflorescent Salts and Crusts from Two Abandoned Tailings in the Taxco Mining District, Guerrero (Mexico)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Teresa Pi-Puig ◽  
Jesús Solé ◽  
Adriana Gómez Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Model ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Mining District ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The mineralogy of surface crusts and efflorescent salts of two old abandoned tailings (Xochula and Remedios) of the mining district of Taxco, Guerrero, was studied by short-wave infrared spectroscopy (SWIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemistry of the selected samples was studied with induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Principal mineralogy is composed of hydrated sulfates of iron (di-trivalent), other less-soluble sulfates such as gypsum and jarosite, and oxides–hydroxides of iron, all of which are the result of the weathering of sulfides (mainly pyrite) accumulated in mining waste. Using quantitative X-ray diffraction (Rietveld method) and the spatial distribution of secondary minerals, two main zones (lateral and central) have been established in both tailings. The genetic model for their formation shows that the secondary iron minerals (sulfates, oxides, and hydroxides) in these deposits have been formed at least in three different stages, mainly by oxidation, dissolution, and precipitation processes in combination with dehydration and primary sulfides neutralization reactions. The chemical analyses of some salts confirm the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in their structure and therefore indicate that the dissolution of the efflorescences in these deposits is a potential source of contamination during the wet season.

scholarly journals Synthesis of the first nickel borate nitrate K7Ni[B18O24(OH)9](NO3)6· (H3BO3)

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 757-764
Author(s):  
Michael Zoller ◽  
Klaus Wurst ◽  
Hubert Huppertz
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complex Nickel ◽  
Nitrate Anions

AbstractThe novel potassium nickel borate nitrate K7Ni[B18O24(OH)9](NO3)6 ·(H3BO3) was obtained from a simple hydrothermal synthesis in a stainless-steel autoclave at T = 513 K starting with nickel dichloride hexahydrate, and boric and nitric acid with the pH adjusted to 8 by KOH. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data provided the basis for the structure analysis and refinement. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group R3̅ (no. 148) with the lattice parameters a = 1222.29(8) and c = 5478.4(4) pm. Generally, K7Ni[B18O24(OH)9](NO3)6 ·(H3BO3) is comprised of nitrate layers and complex nickel borate layers surrounded by boric acid, nitrate anions, and potassium cations.

scholarly journals Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al/Fe and Cu/Fe Joints by Continuous Drive Friction Welding

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni Wei ◽  
Fu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Reaction Layer ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Pressure ◽  
Pure Metals ◽  
Joining Strength

The dissimilar pure metals Al/Fe and Cu/Fe with different metallurgical compatibility were joined by continuous drive friction welding. The friction weldability was investigated. The microstructure of the joining interface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the chemical compositions were tested by energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The joining strength was evaluated by tensile test, and the fracture was detected by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that sound joints of Al/Fe and Cu/Fe can be obtained by continuous drive friction welding process. A discontinuous reaction layer was formed on Al/Fe interface, and no obvious reaction layer appeared on Cu/Fe interface. The tensile strength of the joints increased with increasing friction pressure, and the highest strength could reach up to 70 MPa for Al/Fe joint and 222 MPa for Cu/Fe joint. All the Al/Fe friction-welded samples failed at the friction interface, while the Cu/Fe joint under 36 and 44 MPa friction pressure failed at Cu matrix during the tensile test.

Development of Photoactive Nano TiO2 Thin Film-Geopolymer Based on Laterite Soils Deposit Gowa Regency as Self-Cleaning Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 274-280
Author(s):  
Anita Dewi Permatasari ◽  
Nursalfaul Fahira ◽  
Nurul Husna Muslimin ◽  
Subaer
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Uv Lamp

The main objectives of this study is to investigate the properties of photoactive Nano TiO2 thin film-geopolymer based on laterite soils deposit Gowa regency as self-cleaning material. The soil was clean, grounded, sieves 200 mesh and dehydroxylated at 750 for 2 hours. Nano TiO2 was prepared through ball milling process for 10 hours. The geopolymers was synthesized through alkali activation method by adjusting the molar oxide ratios of SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3), Na2O/SiO2 and H2O/Na2O in accordance with the chemical compositions of the soils. Nano TiO2 was added into geopolymers paste at different concentration namely 0.5% and 1.0% (relative to the mass of laterite soils) by using spray method. The self-cleaning properties of the sample were observed by immersing the sample into clays solution then irradiated under UV lamp for 24 hours. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was performed to examine the structure and phase of the sample. The surface morphology of geopolymers was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The measurements results showed that photoactive Nano TiO2-geopolymers composite can be applied as self-cleaning materials.

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