Preparation and Characterization of Citric Acid Modified Marigold Dregs Biosorbents

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 895-898
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Kun Jie Wang ◽  
De Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Quantity

The objectives of this study were to convert marigold dregs to a cationic metal ions and dye adsorbent and further to investigate the potential of using the adsorbent for the removal of copper(Ⅱ) and methylene blue (MB) from effluents. The base washed marigold dregs and citric acid (CA) modified marigold dregs (MMD) were prepared and the structure were investigated by fourier transform infrared, emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the modification did not significantly change the morphology of the dregs surface structure but the esterificated reaction could increase the carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the adsorbent. The adsorption ability are also evaluated by MB and copper(Ⅱ) and the results show the MMD is an excellent adsorbent. Due to the high adsorption quantity, it may be used as a low cost alternate adsorbent for the elimination of metal and dye ions form effluents.

Graphene/SnO2/Citric Acid Nanocomposites as the Excellent Sorbent for Removal of Crystal Violet and Methylene Blue

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 990-994
Author(s):  
Jin Ping Song ◽  
Qi Ma ◽  
Shao Min Shuang ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Chuan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step ◽  
Performance Research

A simple, fast one-step method was used to prepare graphene/SnO2/citric acid (GN/SnO2/CA) nanocomposites. Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis adsorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterize as-prepared GN/SnO2/CA nanocomposites. Furthermore, in the adsorption performance research, GN/SnO2/CA nanocomposites indeed displayed excellent adsorption ability towards cationic dyes.

Characterization of carbides in iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Mehul D. Shroff ◽  
Dinesh S. Kalakkad ◽  
Nancy B. Jackson ◽  
Mark S. Harrington ◽  
Allen G. Sault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbide Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Water ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Gas

The Fischer - Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for the production of synthetic hydrocarbons from the indirect liquefaction of coal has tremendous potential as an alternative to petroleum - based fuels. The use of iron catalysts is desirable due to their low cost, easy availability, good FTS activity and high water - gas shift activity thus enabling use with low H2 / CO ratios. However, problems relating to attrition and deactivation need to be addressed. In addition, there has been a controversy in the literature regarding the role of the carbide phase and the identity of the active catalytic phase. The main reason for the existence of this debate has been the use of different characterization techniques. Our results with a commercial, precipitated and spray-dried, Fe2O3 - CuO - K2O Fischer-Tropsch catalyst point to the fact that conventional techniques like X - ray Diffraction (XRD), X - ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) which have been traditionally used to characterize these catalysts (1,2) are not very successful in detecting the existence of the carbide phase, which generally forms as 20 - 30 nm crystallites on the surface of the micron - sized magnetite crystals.

The Growth and Characterization of Germanium-Carbon Alloy Thin Films

1992 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haojie Yuan ◽  
R. Stanley Williams
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Alloy Thin Film ◽  
New Materials ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTThin films of pure germanium-carbon alloys (GexC1−x with x ≈ 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) have been grown on Si(100) and A12O3 (0001) substrates by pulsed laser ablation in a high vacuum chamber. The films were analyzed by x-ray θ-2θ diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), conductivity measurements and optical absorption spectroscopy. The analyses of these new materials showed that films of all compositions were amorphous, free of contamination and uniform in composition. By changing the film composition, the optical band gap of these semiconducting films was varied from 0.00eV to 0.85eV for x = 0.0 to 1.0 respectively. According to the AES results, the carbon atoms in the Ge-C alloy thin film samples has a bonding configuration that is a mixture of sp2 and sp3 hybridizations.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Exosome-Based Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters for Cellular Imaging Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4433
Author(s):  
Eun Sung Lee ◽  
Byung Seok Cha ◽  
Seokjoon Kim ◽  
Ki Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Cellular Imaging ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Concentrations

In recent years, fluorescent metal nanoclusters have been used to develop bioimaging and sensing technology. Notably, protein-templated fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are attracting interest due to their excellent fluorescence properties and biocompatibility. Herein, we used an exosome template to synthesize AuNCs in an eco-friendly manner that required neither harsh conditions nor toxic chemicals. Specifically, we used a neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 11.5) pH to synthesize two different exosome-based AuNCs (exo-AuNCs) with independent blue and red emission. Using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we demonstrated that AuNCs were successfully formed in the exosomes. Red-emitting exo-AuNCs were found to have a larger Stokes shift and a stronger fluorescence intensity than the blue-emitting exo-AuNCs. Both exo-AuNCs were compatible with MCF-7 (human breast cancer), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and HT29 (human colon cancer) cells, although blue-emitting exo-AuNCs were cytotoxic at high concentrations (≥5 mg/mL). Red-emitting exo-AuNCs successfully stained the nucleus and were compatible with membrane-staining dyes. This is the first study to use exosomes to synthesize fluorescent nanomaterials for cellular imaging applications. As exosomes are naturally produced via secretion from almost all types of cell, the proposed method could serve as a strategy for low-cost production of versatile nanomaterials.

Monitoring and characterization of creation of geopolymers prepared from fly ash and metakaolin by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kanuchova ◽  
L. Kozakova ◽  
M. Drabova ◽  
M. Sisol ◽  
A. Estokova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopy Method ◽  
X Ray

Characterization of columns grown during KrF laser micromachining of Al2O3–TiC ceramics

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Oliveira ◽  
R. Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Krf Laser

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of column formation mechanisms in Al2O3–TiC ceramics micromachined using excimer lasers. Chemical and structural characterization of columns grown in Al2O3–TiC composite processed with 200 KrF laser pulses at 10 J/cm2 was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Fully developed columns consist of a core of unprocessed material surrounded by an outer layer of Al2TiO5, formed in oxidizing conditions, and an inner layer, formed in reducing conditions, composed of TiC and Al3Ti or an AlTi solid solution. Possible mechanisms of column formation are discussed.

Preparation of Carbon Nanofibers from Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers by Electrospinning

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 642-647
Author(s):  
En Zhong Li ◽  
Da Xiang Yang ◽  
Wei Ling Guo ◽  
Hai Dou Wang ◽  
Bin Shi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Ultrafine Fibers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Pan Fibers

Ultrafine fibers were electrospun from polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution as a precursor of carbon nanofibers. The effects of solution concentration, applied voltage and flow rate on preparation and morphologies of electrospun PAN fibers were investigated. Morphologies of the green fibers, stabilized fibers and carbonized fibers were compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The diameter of PAN nanofibers is about 450nm and the distribution of diameter is well-proportioned. Characterization of the elements changes of fibers were performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

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