A Method for Calculating Deformation of Long-Distance Pipeline Based on Strain

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3385 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 3385-3390 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Li Qi Yi ◽

Ke Qin Ding ◽

Cai Fu Qian

Keyword(s):

Numerical Method ◽

Large Deformation ◽

Cross Section ◽

Long Distance ◽

Geometric Equation ◽

The Relationship

In this paper, a method for calculating deformation of long-distance pipeline by using strain is presented. We analyze the pipe as a beam. According to geometric equation of beam’s large deformation, we establish the relationship between strain and displacement. With numerical method, beam’s deformation can be got by using different positions’ strain of a cross-section and a generatrix.

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Exploring the relationship between spiritual well-being and death anxiety in patients with gynecological cancer: a cross-section study

BMC Palliative Care ◽

10.1186/s12904-021-00778-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yue Feng ◽

Xingcan Liu ◽

Tangwei Lin ◽

Biru Luo ◽

Qianqian Mou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Cross Section ◽

Death Anxiety ◽

Religious Beliefs ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Well Being ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Section Study ◽

Spiritual Well Being ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background In recent years, spiritual well-being has gradually gained the attention of health care providers in China, especially those in oncology departments, who have recognized the importance of improving spiritual well-being in cancer patients. Since most of the current research on spiritual well-being has been carried out in areas with religious beliefs, this study was conducted in the context of no development of formal religion. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between death anxiety and spiritual well-being and the related factors of spiritual well-being among gynecological cancer patients. Methods This cross-section study was conducted among 586 gynecological cancer patients. The European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-spiritual well-being32 (EORTC QLQ-SWB32) and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (T-DAS) were used to measure spiritual well-being and death anxiety. The Multiple Linear Regression Model was used to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and death anxiety. Results For all participants, the highest QLQ-SWB32 centesimal score was 75.13 on the Relationship with Other scale, and the lowest was 60.33 on the Relationship with Someone or Something Greater Scale. The mean Death Anxiety score was 5.31 (SD 3.18). We found that Relationship with Someone or Something Greater was the only scale not associated with death anxiety. Overall, patients with lower death anxiety have a higher level of spiritual well-being. Besides, a high Relationship with Other score was associated with living with a partner (B = 2.471, P < 0.001) and married (B = -6.475, P = 0.001). Patients with higher Global-SWB were retired (B = 0.387, P = 0.019). Conclusions Our study found that the spiritual well-being of patients with gynecological cancer in China was no worse than in other countries with religious beliefs and patients with lower death anxiety have a higher level of spiritual well-being. Clinical staff should pay attention to the spiritual health of cancer patients, and spiritual care should be regarded as an essential element in cancer care.

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Correlation between L-Lactate Concentrations in Beef Cattle, Obtained Using a Hand-Held Lactate Analyzer and a Lactate Assay Colorimetric Kit

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11040926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 926

Author(s):

Daniela M. Meléndez ◽

Sonia Marti ◽

Luigi Faucitano ◽

Derek B. Haley ◽

Timothy D. Schwinghamer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Long Distance ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Time Points ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Red Angus ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer and a traditional lactate assay colorimetric kit. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (Black or Red Angus × Hereford/Simmental and Black or Red Angus × Charolais; 247 ± 38.2 kg BW) prior to loading (LO1) and after 36 h of transport, and prior to reloading and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in the colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the strength of the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The magnitude and direction of the correlation, and the level of statistical significance varied over the observed time points, ranging from r = −0.03 (p = 0.75; LO1) to r = 0.75 (p < 0.0001; d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Based on the low magnitude of the correlation due to variability across sampling time points in this study, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay (considered the gold standard) for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle.

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PSVII-3 Correlations between L-lactate concentrations obtained using a handheld lactate analyser and a lactate assay colorimetric kit in beef cattle transported by road

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.535 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 296-297

Author(s):

Daniela M Meléndez ◽

Sonia Marti ◽

Luigi Faucitano ◽

Derek B Haley ◽

Timothy D Schwinghamer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Long Distance ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Handheld Device ◽

Time Points ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Blood metabolites are used to assess a variety of animal conditions for veterinary diagnosis and research. Concentration of metabolites in blood can be measured using a commercially-available lab-based assay or in real-time using a handheld device developed to be more time- and cost-effective than the lab-based method. Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer (Lactate Scout, EFK Diagnostics, Barleben, Germany) and a lactate assay colorimetric kit (Lactate Assay Kit, Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA). Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (245 ± 35.7 kg BW) prior to (L1) and after 36 h, and prior to and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The strengths and levels of statistical significance of the correlation varied over the observed time points, r = -0.03, P = 0.75 (L1) to r = 0.75, P = < 0.0001 (d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, P < 0.001). Based on the experimental results, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle, due to variability across sampling time points and weak correlation with the traditional enzymatic method.

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Comparative Analysis of Long-Distance Transportation with the Example of Sea and Rail Transport

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14061689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1689

Author(s):

Tomasz Neumann

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Time Cost ◽

Topsis Method ◽

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

The Subject ◽

Transport Analysis ◽

Multi Criteria Analysis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Distance Transport

The subject of the article is a comparative long-distance transport analysis based on the relationship between central and eastern China and Poland. It provides an overview of issues related to long-haul China–Poland. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was proposed in the multi-criteria analysis. This method was briefly discussed, and its choice was justified. Then, the criteria adopted in the analysis were presented, i.e., time, cost, maximum number of containers, and ecology index. Multi-criteria analysis was carried out for three cases: the transport of one loading unit, 82 loading units, and 200 loading units. The geopolitical and operational situation on the transport route for the analyzed modes of transport was discussed.

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Numerical Simulation on Velocity Profiles of Mill Bearing Lubrication

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.145.282 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 145 ◽

pp. 282-286

Author(s):

Qing Xue Huang ◽

Jian Mei Wang ◽

Yu Gui Li ◽

Li Feng Ma ◽

Chun Jiang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Velocity Profiles ◽

Flow State ◽

Oil Film ◽

Velocity Gradients ◽

Oil Flow ◽

The Mathematical Model ◽

The Relationship ◽

General Velocity ◽

Oil Film Pressure

No 460 oil-film bearing oil as the dedicated lubricant is regarded as the incompressible Newtonian fluid. To comprehensively analyze the real oil flow state, the mathematical model on velocity profiles, together with its dimensionless equations, is established, and the calculating program is developed to simulate the 3D velocity profiles and velocity gradients at different oil flow layers. The relationship between velocity profiles and the oil film pressure is discussed, and the velocity tendency is consistent with the general velocity profile of wedge cross section. The conclusions are beneficial to the further study on lubricating performances of heavy contact components and to prolong their service lives.

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Optimization Analysis of the Wedge Block Surface of NYD Contact Backstop

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.2277 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 433-435 ◽

pp. 2277-2281

Author(s):

Quan Wei Wang ◽

Ming Hui Wang ◽

Dong Li ◽

Dian Mao Wan ◽

Rong Meng

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Optimization Analysis ◽

Archimedes Spiral ◽

The Cross ◽

Section Curve ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

By analyzing the relationship of the design parameters of NYD contact backstop, the cross-section curve of the wedge block has been discussed as Archimedes spiral, logarithm spiral and arc. Each curve is designed optimally using MATLAB optimization toolbox. The merits and drawbacks of each curve are discussed.

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A Simulation of a Generalized Thermal Radiating Fin

SIMULATION ◽

10.1177/003754976400200611 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 19-22

Author(s):

M.T. Janicke ◽

L.C. Just

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Cross Section ◽

Construction Material ◽

Heat Removal ◽

Thermodynamic Cycle ◽

Space Applications ◽

Maximum Heat ◽

Electrical Systems ◽

Extra Weight ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for designing radiator fins with maximum heat removal capability per pound of construction material. This problem becomes important when radiators are designed for space applications, since all of the heat from the thermodynamic cycle must be removed by means of radiation. Moreover, space transportation vehicles are seriously limited as to payload, so that weight must be saved in all parts of a power plant. An increase in the output of a space power plant does not change the reactor, turbine, and generator as much as the radiator, with the result that, for megawatt electrical systems, the radiator is the dominant weight contributing component. A radiator could be built of coolant tubes alone, but this increases certain hazards. Meteor punctures can occur, so that the amount of area devoted to coolant tubes should be reduced as much as pos sible. Fins attached between the tubes can perform this function by extending the heat radiating surface. The extra weight of the fins is partly compensated for by a reduction in tubes and coolant. Extra savings can occur if the weight of the fin is minimized; optimum thickness, length, and cross section must be found. This paper studies the relationship between fin cross- section and radiating power.

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CHALCOLITHIC CERAMIC CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MESOPOTAMIA AND IRAN, c.5900–5100 b.c.e.

Iraq ◽

10.1017/irq.2018.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 233-250

Author(s):

Melissa Sharp ◽

Kyra Kaercher

Keyword(s):

Copper Metal ◽

Long Distance ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Trade Networks ◽

Northern Iraq ◽

Modern Period ◽

Chalcolithic Period ◽

Technological Developments ◽

Painted Pottery ◽

The Relationship

The Chalcolithic period in Mesopotamia and Iran (c.6000–4000 b.c.e.) is characterised by larger cities replacing small farming settlements, technological developments including wheel thrown pottery and copper metal working, and people establishing long distance trade networks. The Halaf horizon (5900–5100 b.c.e.) developed out of the local late pottery Neolithic tradition and is found throughout western Syria, southern Turkey, and northern and central Iraq. This archaeological culture is defined by a finely painted pottery, dryland farming, round and rectangular houses, and the use of stamp seals. A comparable ceramic horizon, the J-ware horizon (5200–4700 b.c.e.) arose in the Mahidasht and Kermanshah valleys of Iran. The J-ware ceramics are finely painted, possibly deriving from the Halaf tradition, but also slipped and burnished. The Rowanduz Archaeological Program's (RAP) excavations elucidate links between northern Iraq and northern Iran from the Chalcolithic to the modern period. This paper explores the relationship between the Halaf and J-ware traditions at Banahilk, recently re-excavated by RAP, and the larger contacts during the Chalcolithic.

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