CHALCOLITHIC CERAMIC CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MESOPOTAMIA AND IRAN, c.5900–5100 b.c.e.

The Chalcolithic period in Mesopotamia and Iran (c.6000–4000 b.c.e.) is characterised by larger cities replacing small farming settlements, technological developments including wheel thrown pottery and copper metal working, and people establishing long distance trade networks. The Halaf horizon (5900–5100 b.c.e.) developed out of the local late pottery Neolithic tradition and is found throughout western Syria, southern Turkey, and northern and central Iraq. This archaeological culture is defined by a finely painted pottery, dryland farming, round and rectangular houses, and the use of stamp seals. A comparable ceramic horizon, the J-ware horizon (5200–4700 b.c.e.) arose in the Mahidasht and Kermanshah valleys of Iran. The J-ware ceramics are finely painted, possibly deriving from the Halaf tradition, but also slipped and burnished. The Rowanduz Archaeological Program's (RAP) excavations elucidate links between northern Iraq and northern Iran from the Chalcolithic to the modern period. This paper explores the relationship between the Halaf and J-ware traditions at Banahilk, recently re-excavated by RAP, and the larger contacts during the Chalcolithic.

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Amber Sources and Trade in the Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula

European Journal of Archaeology ◽

10.1179/1461957112y.0000000009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 187-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Mercedes Murillo-Barroso ◽

Marcos Martinón-Torres

Keyword(s):

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Long Distance ◽

Trade Networks ◽

Ftir Characterization ◽

Fossil Resin ◽

Chalcolithic Period ◽

The Fourier Transform

The use of amber is documented in the Iberian peninsula since the Palaeolithic. The procurement and trade of this fossil resin has often been considered in discussions of long-distance trade and the emergence of social complexity, but so far no comprehensive view of the Iberian evidence has been produced to allow a more overarching interpretive model. This paper presents the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization of archaeological amber from three Iberian prehistoric sites: a necklace recovered from the megalithic site of Palacio III (Almadén de la Plata, Sevilla), a pommel from PP4 Montelirio (Valencina de la Concepción, Sevilla), and a necklace from the Muricecs de Cellers cave (Llimiana, Pallars Jussà, Lleida). Based on these new data and a review of the literature, we present an overview that outlines fluctuations in the use of amber since the Upper Palaeolithic and demonstrates long-distance amber exchange connecting Iberia with northern Europe and the Mediterranean region since the Chalcolithic period at least. We discuss changes in the origins and cultural use of amber and their implications for the consolidation of trade networks.

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INTER AKSI AGAMA DAN BUDAYA

EMPIRISMA ◽

10.30762/empirisma.v27i1.1443 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Arif Dan Yuli Darwati

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Belief System ◽

Cultural Interaction ◽

Cultural Economic ◽

Modern Period ◽

Or Groups ◽

Close Relationship ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Determining Factor

This paper will try to explain the relationship between religion and culture. These two topics are the most important items that are inseparable in the history of human civilization from the classical to the modern period. Religion is ahuman belief system that is related to God. If the rule comes from God, then it cannot be said to be a culture, because it is not human creation, but God’s creation that is absolute. Religion is interpreted as part of the life (culture) ofindividuals or groups, each of which has the authority to understand religion and apply it. With the characteristics as indicated by Fazlur Rahman, wherever religion is located, it is hoped that it can provide guidance on values or moralsfor all activities of human life, whether social, cultural, economic or political. Not infrequently also religion becomes a determining factor in the adhesive process of social cultural interaction of the community as well as unifying thenation. Culture and religion are something different but can influence each other so that new cultures or mixing of cultures emerge. The opinion of Endang Saifudin Anshari who said in his writing that religion and culture do notinclude each other, in principle one is not part of the other and each consists of itself. Between them, of course, they are closely related like us, we see in everyday life and human life. As also seen in the close relationship between husband and wife who can give birth to a son but the husband is not part of the wife, and vice versa. Religion and culture are two different things but cannot be separated. The existence of a religion will be greatly influenced and affect thepractice of a religion in question. And conversely, a culture will be greatly influenced by the beliefs of the society in which culture develops. Therefore religion is not only an individual problem but religion is also a social affair whichultimately religious people are not only able to give birth to individual piety but also must be able to give birth to social piety.Key words: Interaction, Religion, Culture,

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Correlation between L-Lactate Concentrations in Beef Cattle, Obtained Using a Hand-Held Lactate Analyzer and a Lactate Assay Colorimetric Kit

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11040926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 926

Author(s):

Daniela M. Meléndez ◽

Sonia Marti ◽

Luigi Faucitano ◽

Derek B. Haley ◽

Timothy D. Schwinghamer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Long Distance ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Time Points ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Red Angus ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer and a traditional lactate assay colorimetric kit. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (Black or Red Angus × Hereford/Simmental and Black or Red Angus × Charolais; 247 ± 38.2 kg BW) prior to loading (LO1) and after 36 h of transport, and prior to reloading and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in the colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the strength of the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The magnitude and direction of the correlation, and the level of statistical significance varied over the observed time points, ranging from r = −0.03 (p = 0.75; LO1) to r = 0.75 (p < 0.0001; d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Based on the low magnitude of the correlation due to variability across sampling time points in this study, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay (considered the gold standard) for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle.

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PSVII-3 Correlations between L-lactate concentrations obtained using a handheld lactate analyser and a lactate assay colorimetric kit in beef cattle transported by road

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.535 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 296-297

Author(s):

Daniela M Meléndez ◽

Sonia Marti ◽

Luigi Faucitano ◽

Derek B Haley ◽

Timothy D Schwinghamer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Long Distance ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Handheld Device ◽

Time Points ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Blood metabolites are used to assess a variety of animal conditions for veterinary diagnosis and research. Concentration of metabolites in blood can be measured using a commercially-available lab-based assay or in real-time using a handheld device developed to be more time- and cost-effective than the lab-based method. Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer (Lactate Scout, EFK Diagnostics, Barleben, Germany) and a lactate assay colorimetric kit (Lactate Assay Kit, Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA). Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (245 ± 35.7 kg BW) prior to (L1) and after 36 h, and prior to and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The strengths and levels of statistical significance of the correlation varied over the observed time points, r = -0.03, P = 0.75 (L1) to r = 0.75, P = < 0.0001 (d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, P < 0.001). Based on the experimental results, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle, due to variability across sampling time points and weak correlation with the traditional enzymatic method.

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Takis Zenetos’s Electronic Urbanism and Tele-Activities: Minimizing Transportation as Social Aspiration

Urban Science ◽

10.3390/urbansci5010031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Marianna Charitonidou

Keyword(s):

Information Society ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Working Hours ◽

Home Office ◽

The Social ◽

Residential Units ◽

Technological Developments ◽

The 1960S ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Takis Zenetos was enthusiastic about the idea of working from home, and believed that both architecture and urban planning should be reshaped in order to respond to this. He supported the design of special public spaces in residential units, aiming to accommodate the inhabitants during working hours. This article argues that Zenetos’s design for “Electronic Urbanism” was more prophetic, and more pragmatic, than his peers such as Archigram and Constant Nieuwenhuys. Despite the fact that they shared an optimism towards technological developments and megastructure, a main difference between Zenetos’s view and the perspectives of his peers is his rejection of a generalised enthusiasm concerning increasing mobility of people. In opposition with Archigram, Zenetos insisted in minimizing citizens’ mobility and supported the replacement of daily transport with the use advanced information technologies, using terms such as “tele-activity”. Zenetos was convinced that “Electronic Urbanism” would help citizens save the time that they normally used to commute to work, and would allow them to spend this time on more creative activities, at or near their homes. The main interest of “Electronic Urbanism” lies in the fact that it not only constitutes an artistic contribution to experimental architecture, but is also characterized by a new social vision, promising to resynchronize practices of daily life. An aspect that is also examined is the relationship of Zenetos’s ideas and those of the so-called Metabolists in the 1960s in Japan, including Kenzo Tange’s conception of megastructures. Zenetos’s thought is very topical considering the ongoing debates about the advanced information society, especially regarding the social concerns of surveillance, governance, and sovereignty within the context of Big Data. His conception of “tele-activities” provides a fertile terrain for reflecting on potential implications and insights concerning home-office conditions not only within the context of the current pandemic situation but beyond it as well.

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Comparative Analysis of Long-Distance Transportation with the Example of Sea and Rail Transport

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14061689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1689

Author(s):

Tomasz Neumann

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Time Cost ◽

Topsis Method ◽

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

The Subject ◽

Transport Analysis ◽

Multi Criteria Analysis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Distance Transport

The subject of the article is a comparative long-distance transport analysis based on the relationship between central and eastern China and Poland. It provides an overview of issues related to long-haul China–Poland. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was proposed in the multi-criteria analysis. This method was briefly discussed, and its choice was justified. Then, the criteria adopted in the analysis were presented, i.e., time, cost, maximum number of containers, and ecology index. Multi-criteria analysis was carried out for three cases: the transport of one loading unit, 82 loading units, and 200 loading units. The geopolitical and operational situation on the transport route for the analyzed modes of transport was discussed.

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HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN KOMPUTER DENGAN KEJADIAN NYERI KEPALA TIPE TEGANG PADA PEKERJA

Zona Kedokteran: Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Batam ◽

10.37776/zked.v9i1.269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 27-38

Author(s):

Suryanti Suryanti ◽

Andi Ipaljri

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

The United States ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tension Headaches ◽

Technological Developments ◽

Tension Type Headaches ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

In the current era of globalization, humans always interact with technological developments. One result of the development of technology is the use of computers. The use of computers that are not under the ergonomic position causes effects on health, one of them is tension-type headaches. In the United States, 1-4% of patients coming to the Emergency Care Unit complain of headache, 90% of them are tension-type headaches. The proportion of migraine and other headache syndromes in the hospital. Harapan Bunda in 2011 and RS. Camatha Sahidya in Batam in Batam was 5% and 0.7% respectively. Whereas the incidence of tension headaches in 5 puskesmas in Batam in 2014 ranged from 0.5% - 1.3%. The proportion of tension headaches at the BIP Clinic in the January-April 2018 period is 1.5%. Tension-type headaches that occur continuously can cause barriers to daily activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of computer use with the incidence of tension-type headaches in workers. This research uses a descriptive-analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Of 97 respondents who visited the clinical BIP that met the criteria, it was found that computer user respondents experienced tension-type headaches of 18 people (42.9%) and not tension-type headaches of 24 people (57.1%). Whereas the respondents who were not computer users experienced tension-type headaches of 10 people (18.2%), and non-tension-type headaches of 45 people (81.8%). Bivariate chi-square analysis showed that p = 0.008 (p <0.05). This means that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

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On the relationship between long-distance and heterogeneous electron transfer in electrode-grown Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms

Bioelectrochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.09.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 119 ◽

pp. 111-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Matthew D. Yates ◽

Brian J. Eddie ◽

Nikolai Lebedev ◽

Nicholas J. Kotloski ◽

Sarah M. Strycharz-Glaven ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽

Long Distance ◽

Heterogeneous Electron Transfer ◽

The Relationship

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Nail Involvement in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis in Northern Iran

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

10.1155/2018/4608490 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. Zargari ◽

E. Kazemnezhad Leyli ◽

S. Z. Azimi

Keyword(s):

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Joint Involvement ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship ◽

Nail Involvement

Background. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) results in an increased burden of psoriasis and impairs both quality of life and an individual’s functional capacity. The relationship between nail involvement and PsA in psoriasis is not fully characterized. Aim. To evaluate the frequency and characteristics of nail involvement in psoriatic patients and to assess the relationship with joint involvement. Methods. A total of 197 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis were consecutively invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. The patients are divided into two groups: those with and those without psoriatic arthritis. Results. 69.5% of psoriatic (137 out of 197) patients had nail involvement. The most common nail abnormality was onycholysis, followed by pitting and oil droplet changes. Nail involvement was more common in patients with psoriatic arthritis (82.1% versus 57.8%, p=0.001). Conclusion. Nail involvement is commonly associated with PsA. Onycholysis, splinter hemorrhage, and oil drop were significantly more common in the PsA group as opposed to patients with just skin findings. In general, psoriatic patients with arthritis had more severe disease.

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