Study on Chromosome Aberrations of Crosses Between 3E Disomic Addition Line and 2C Addition Line

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 236-239
Author(s):  
Chang Hong Guo ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Chun Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Disomic Addition Line ◽  
Chromosome Recombination ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Chromosome Breakages

Thinopyrum elongatum, a wild relative of wheat, can be used as an excellent source of disease and abiotic stresses resistance and carries several useful traits, which have been transferred into wheat by interspecific hybridization. The most effective method of transferring the profitable genes of Th. elongatum into wheat is to induce chromosome recombination by the gametocidal system. In this study, cross, backcross and selfcross were performed between Chinese Spring-Th. elongatum 3E disomic addition line and Chinese Spring-Ae. cylindrica gametocidal chromosome 2C disomic addition line, and the gametocidal chromosome would induce chromosome breakages and aberrations. The chromosome counts of somatic cell and the observation of PMCs metaphase were performed in F2, BC1F1and F1, F2plants, respectively, the results showed that the gametocidal chromosome was functioning during the formation of gametes. The gametocidal chromosome 2C induced segregation for spike type in F2and BC1F1plants. Thus, the gametocidal chromosome 2C was demonstrated to be effective on transferring Th. elongatum 3E chromosome into wheat.

Salt tolerance of two wheat – Agropyron junceum disomic addition lines

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Forster ◽  
T. E. Miller ◽  
C. N. Law
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Disomic Addition Line ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

Two wheat – Agropyron junceum disomic addition lines homoeologous to groups 2 and 5 were tested for tolerance to salt. The experiments included germination and growth to maturity at various concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl). The results were compared with those of wheat lines tetrasomic for chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 5A, 5B, and 5D and also with the wheat parent 'Chinese Spring', and the salt-tolerant 'Chinese Spring' – A. junceum amphiploid. The addition of homoeologous group 2 chromosomes reduced the tolerance to salt relative to 'Chinese Spring' in every case. The order of tolerance was ranked as 'Chinese Spring' > 2J disomic addition line > tetra 2A = tetra 2D > tetra 2B. The addition of wheat group 5 chromosomes was either equal to 'Chinese Spring' or worse with respect to tolerance to salt. However, the disomic addition line for 5J showed considerable tolerance to salt and at 200 mol m−3 NaCl produced a similar response to that of the amphiploid in producing fertile tillers. Both produced viable grain, but the grain produced by the 5J addition line at 200 mol−3 NaCl was small and shrivelled, unlike the plump grain produced by the amphiploid. The order of tolerance was ranked as amphiploid > 5J addition line > 'Chinese Spring' = tetra 5A > tetra 5B = tetra 5D. It is concluded that there are genes on the group 2 chromosomes that confer susceptibility to salt and that chromosome 5J of A. junceum carries a major gene(s) for tolerance to salt. The potential for transferring this character into wheat is discussed. A hypothesis is also proposed to explain the function of the salt-tolerance gene(s) at critical stages in the life cycle of wheat.Key words: salt tolerance, wheat, Agropyron junceum, disomic addition lines.

DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A DISOMIC-1D ADDITION LINE OF DURUM WHEAT

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Joppa ◽  
J. A. Bietz ◽  
C. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Strong Mixing ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Disomic Addition Line

A pair of chromosomes from Chinese Spring hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was added to the tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) cultivar Langdon. Crosses between this disomic-addition line and Chinese Spring ditelosomic 1DL produced progeny with 14 pairs + 1 heteromorphic bivalent + 6 univalents (14″ + t1″ + 6′). Therefore, this durum line with 15 pairs of chromosomes is a 1D-disomic addition line to Langdon durum wheat. Seed from the 1D-disomic addition line produced two high-molecular-weight glutenin polypeptide subunits not present in durum wheats, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These polypeptides were similar to those present in Chinese Spring. Semolina milled from seed of the 1D-disomic addition line had very strong mixing properties, as determined by the micro-mixograph, and 2% higher protein than the recurrent parent Langdon or other durum varieties. The amino acid content of the line was similar to that of the other durums.

Characterization, identification and evaluation of a novel wheat-Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. disomic addition line II-30-5

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2213-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Yuqing Lu ◽  
Cuili Pan ◽  
Zhangjun Wang ◽  
Fenglou Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Disomic Addition Line

scholarly journals Chromosomal Localization of Genes Conferring Desirable Agronomic Traits from Wheat-Agropyron cristatum Disomic Addition Line 5113

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0165957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Yuqing Lu ◽  
Cuili Pan ◽  
Miaomiao Yao ◽  
Jinpeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Localization ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Disomic Addition Line

Incorporation of restoring gene of Aegilops umbellulata into wheat

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Qiang Ma ◽  
Yin-Hai Zhao ◽  
Da-Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Aegilops Umbellulata ◽  
Alien Gene ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Type Chromosome ◽  
Heterozygous Translocation

Six 'Chinese Spring' – Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk. addition lines (UAD, UBD, UCD, UDD, UED, and UFM) were assayed for their effects on the fertility of timopheevi cytoplasm male sterile lines (T-type). Chromosome 6U of disomic addition line UAD was found to be able to restore the fertility of T-type male sterility and 'Chinese Spring' was verified to lack restoring genes, indicating that 6U carries at least one fertility restoration gene. From about 200 plants with 42 somatic chromosomes derived from the progeny of crosses Qu Xian Early A × UAD and Sumai No. 3 A × UAD, eight self-fertile plants were selected. Their self-fertility in timopheevi cytoplasm implies that they carry the restoring gene(s) from 6U. Cytological analysis was conducted on the hybrid F1 of the selected fertile plants (040-5, 060-1, and 061-4) as female parents crossed with 'Chinese Spring'. The self-fertility segregation and the chromosome pairing of pollen mother cells of F1 fertile plants from 040-5, 060-1, and 061-4 × 'Chinese Spring' during meiosis suggested that they were heterozygous translocation lines with restoring gene(s) from 6U.Key words: Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk., restoring genes, alien gene transfer, timopheevi cytoplasmic male sterile fertility, Triticum aestivum L.

scholarly journals Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of Wheat-Aegilops Biuncialis 5Mb Disomic Addition Line with Tenacious and Black Glumes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4053
Author(s):  
Liqiang Song ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Jiajia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Addition Line ◽  
Disomic Addition Line ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Exploitation And Utilization ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
M Genome ◽  
Black Color

Production of wheat-alien disomic addition lines is of great value to the exploitation and utilization of elite genes originated from related species to wheat. In this study, a novel wheat-Aegilops biuncialis 5Mb disomic addition line WA317 was characterized by in situ hybridization (ISH) and specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) markers. Compared to its parent Chinese Spring (CS), the glumes of WA317 had black color and were difficult to remove after harvesting, suggesting chromosome 5Mb carried gene(s) related to glume development and Triticeae domestication process. A total of 242 Ae. biuncialis SLAF-based markers (298 amplified patterns) were developed and further divided into four categories by Ae. biuncialis Y17, Ae. umbellulata Y139 and Ae. comosa Y258, including 172 markers amplifying the same bands of U and M genome, six and 102 markers amplifying U-specific and M-specific bands, respectively and eighteen markers amplifying specific bands in Y17. Among them, 45 markers had the specific amplifications in WA317 and were 5Mb specific markers. Taken together, line WA317 with tenacious and black glumes should serve as the foundation for understanding of the Triticeae domestication process and further exploitation of primitive alleles for wheat improvement. Ae. biuncialis SLAF-based markers can be used for studying syntenic relationships between U and M genomes as well as rapid tracking of U and M chromosomal segments in wheat background.

Meiotic pairing in wheat–rye addition and substitution lines

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Orellana ◽  
M. C. Cermeño ◽  
J. R. Lacadena
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Complex Process

Chromosome pairing was examined in wheat–rye addition and substitution lines using the C-banding technique. It was found that both rye and wheat chromosomes affect each other's homologous pairing. The strongest diminution of wheat pairing (measured as bound arms per cell) was produced by chromosome 5R of rye (7.5 and 7.2% in 'Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' and 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition lines, respectively). The weakest diminution of wheat pairing was produced by chromosome 3R in the 'Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' addition line (1.1%). The diminution of rye chromosome pairing produced by wheat chromosomes ranges from 6.9 to 48.4% ('Chinese Spring' – 'Imperial' and 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition lines, respectively). When put into a wheat background, the rye chromosomes suffer a worse fate than the wheat chromosomes. For example, chromosome 6R reduces the wheat complement pairing in the 'Holdfast' – 'King II' addition line by 3.8% but its own pairing is reduced by 41.4%. The decrease in pairing of both wheat and rye homologous chromosomes in addition and substitution lines is a complex process in which factors such as genes controlling meiotic pairing, constitutive heterochromatin, and cryptic wheat–rye interactions can play important roles.

The frequency of fertilization in wheat × pearl millet crosses

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Laurie
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Wheat Genotype

Wheat × pearl millet crosses were studied to determine whether fertilization occurred and whether any resulting hybrids were karyotypically stable. Crosses between the hexaploid wheat genotype 'Chinese Spring' (kr1, kr2) and the pearl millet genotype 'Tift 23BE' gave fertilization in 28.6% of the 220 florets pollinated. Chromosome counts from zygotes at metaphase confirmed the hybrid origin of the embryos. Three had the expected F1 combination of 21 wheat and 7 pearl millet chromosomes and a fourth had 21 wheat and 14 pearl millet chromosomes. The expected F1 chromosome complement was also found in a primary endosperm mitosis. The hybrid embryos were karyotypically unstable and probably lost all the pearl millet chromosomes in the first four cell division cycles. Similar results were obtained using two other wheat genotypes. Crosses between the hexaploid wheat genotype 'Highbury', which differs from 'Chinese Spring' in having alleles for reduced crossability with rye and Hordeum bulbosum at the Kr1 and Kr2 loci, and 'Tift 23BE' gave fertilization in 32% of analyzed florets. This was not significantly different from the frequency found in 'Chinese Spring', indicating that 'Tift 23BE' was insensitive to the action of the Kr genes. Crosses between the tetraploid wheat genotype 'Kubanka' and 'Tift 23BE' gave fertilization in 48% of florets. The potential of pearl millet for wheat haploid production is discussed.Key words: wheat, pearl millet, wide hybridization, chromosome elimination.

Isolation and characterization of a wheat – Psathyrostachys huashanica ‘Keng’ 3Ns disomic addition line with resistance to stripe rust

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanli Du ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yuhui Pang ◽  
Liangming Wang ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Psathyrostachys Huashanica ◽  
Disomic Addition Line ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Alien Chromatin

We isolated a wheat germplasm line, 22-2, which was derived from common wheat (Triticum aestivum ‘7182’) and Psathyrostachys huashanica ‘Keng’ (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs). Genomic composition and homoeologous relationships of 22-2 was analyzed using cytology, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), EST–SSR, and EST–STS to characterize the alien chromatin in the transfer line. The cytological investigations showed that the chromosome number and configuration were 2n = 44 = 22 II. Mitotic and meiotic GISH using P. huashanica genomic DNA as the probe indicated that 22-2 contained a pair of P. huashanica chromosomes. The genomic affinities of the introduced P. huashanica chromosomes were determined by EST–SSR and EST–STS using multiple-loci markers from seven wheat homoeologous groups between the parents and addition line. One EST–SSR and 17 EST–STS markers, which were located on the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes of wheat, amplified polymorphic bands in 22-2 that were unique to P. huashanica. Thus, these markers suggested that the introduced Ns chromosome pair belonged to homoeologous group 3, so we designated 22-2 as a 3Ns disomic addition line. Based on disease reaction to mixed races (CYR31, CYR32, and Shuiyuan14) of stripe rust in the adult stages, 22-2 was found to have high resistance to stripe rust, which was possibly derived from its P. huashanica parent. Consequently, the new disomic addition line 22-2 could be a valuable donor source for wheat improvement depending on the excellent agronomic traits, especially, the introduction of novel disease resistance genes into wheat during breeding programs.

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