Human Batteries Controlled by Nanobots Incorporating the Mems Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 4979-4985 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ashok Kumar ◽  
S. Jasper Nirmal Kumar ◽  
S. Dheepak ◽  
T. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human System ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Arteries And Veins

The pivotal role of lithium batteries in energy storage is a well known fact. But in today’s fast paced revolutionary world, problems like charge retaining difficulty, excess heat generation, leakage etc make them impossible devices for energy storage. Instead of going in for the conventional lithium batteries, a new battery can be brought into existence which uses the body fluid (blood) as its electrolyte. Inside the mystic human system, during the oxidation process of the carbohydrates we consume, electrons are liberated which may be used to power up a tiny battery inside, the rate of which is controlled by the nanobots. As multifunctionality is the need of the hour, numerous tiny sensors placed inside our body which operate on MEMS technique not only monitors the body tissues but also detects any block in arteries and veins, cancer causing cells and gives suitable command to the nanobots. The rate at which the nanobots clear the imperfection can be made faster by swarm intelligence. The multifunctionality aspect of nanobots is further enhanced as they act as an effective substitute for dialyser and pacemaker.

Of the Movement of Worms

1950 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARTH CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Cylindrical Form ◽  
Maximum Thrust

Four aspects of the functioning of a fluid-filled cylindrical animal have been examined, viz.: (I) the role of the body fluid as a skeleton for the interaction of the longitudinal and circular muscles of which the animal must be composed; (2) the measurement of the maximum thrust which the animal can exert by measurement of its internal hydrostatic pressure; (3) the application of the force to the substratum and the part played by friction; (4) the relation between the changes in dimensions of the animal and the working length of the muscles. Under (1) the necessity for a longitudinal and circular construction has been shown and the necessity for a closed system emphasized. Under (2) the pressure exerted on the body fluid by the contraction of the longitudinal and circular muscles is discussed, and from their cross-sectional areas it is shown to be probable that when contracting maximally in Lumbricus they are not balanced, but that the longitudinals are about ten times as strong as the circulars. Under (3) it is shown that the strength of an animal as measured by its internal hydrostatic pressure is sufficient to account for its customary activities. Use which may be made of the longitudinals during burrowing is pointed out. Under (4) it is shown to be mechanically sound for burrowing animals of cylindrical form to be ‘fat’, but that a ‘thin’ animal is more efficient at progression.

scholarly journals The Role of the Liver in Iron Homeostasis and What Goes Wrong?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Ernesto Robalino Gonzaga ◽  
Irene Riestra Guiance ◽  
Richard Henriquez ◽  
Gerri Mortimore ◽  
Jan Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Hepatic Iron Overload ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Normal Cellular Function ◽  
Synthesis Of Hormones

Iron is an essential mineral that is vital for growth development, normal cellular function, synthesis of hormones and connective tissue, and most importantly, serves as a component of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to body tissues. The body finely regulates the amount of circulating and stored iron within the body to maintain concentration levels within range for optimal physiologic function. Without iron, the ability for cells to participate in electron transport and energy metabolism decreases. Furthermore, hemoglobin synthesis is altered, which leads to anemia and decreased oxygen delivery to tissue. Problems arise when there is too little or too much iron. This review explores the role of the liver in iron physiology, iron overload and discusses the most common causes of primary and secondary hepatic iron overload.

scholarly journals Role of Ayurveda in Stress and Related Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Gupta ◽  
Sarita Yadav ◽  
Arun Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
As Stress

Today is the world of competition and everybody is running day and night to achieve the best in their terms. The mankind is set into a new dimension of time where ceaseless activity throughout is making everybody restless. Overall result is the never ending physical and mental stress coming out in the form of variety of health disorders which can be called as stress related disorders like hypertension, coronary artery disease, arthritis, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis and behavioral disorders like anxiety and depression. Ayurveda mentions the stress as Sahas and its impacts on the body as aggravation of Vata Dosha and Ojokshaya leading to lowered immunity and resulting number of diseases due to that, it also relates the stress to the degeneration in the body tissues causing early aging and reduced life span. Although Acharya Caraka states that in order to stay healthy and to save the life one should always avoid over-exerting himself, however, in today’s world, stress is an inevitable part of life and so the stress induced diseases. Therefore, instead of looking for the stress avoidance strategy it is important to work on preventing the effects of stress on the body and increasing the coping capacity of the body by life style modifications, dietary interventions and other means. Ayurveda relate the Sahas to Vata aggravation in the body and provides the solution to the problem in the form of Vata balancing diet and activity regimen, Vasti therapy, rejuvenation or Rasayana therapy and application of Yoga and Pranayama.

scholarly journals Normal red blood cells’ shape stabilized by membrane’s in-plane ordering

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mesarec ◽  
W. Góźdź ◽  
A. Iglič ◽  
V. Kralj-Iglič ◽  
E. G. Virga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Extrinsic Curvature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Disorder Phase Transition ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Membrane Shape

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) are present in almost all vertebrates and their main function is to transport oxygen to the body tissues. RBCs’ shape plays a significant role in their functionality. In almost all mammals in normal conditions, RBCs adopt a disk-like (discocyte) shape, which optimizes their flow properties in vessels and capillaries. Experimentally measured values of the reduced volume (v) of stable discocyte shapes range in a relatively broad window between v ~ 0.58 and 0.8. However, these observations are not supported by existing theoretical membrane-shape models, which predict that discocytic RBC shape is stable only in a very narrow interval of v values, ranging between v ~ 0.59 and 0.65. In this study, we demonstrate that this interval is broadened if a membrane’s in-plane ordering is taken into account. We model RBC structures by using a hybrid Helfrich-Landau mesoscopic approach. We show that an extrinsic (deviatoric) curvature free energy term stabilizes the RBC discocyte shapes. In particular, we show on symmetry grounds that the role of extrinsic curvature is anomalously increased just below the nematic in-plane order-disorder phase transition temperature.

scholarly journals The rôle of the body fluid in relation to movement in soft-bodied invertebrates I. The burrowing of Arenicola

1947 ◽  
Vol 134 (877) ◽  
pp. 431-455 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Simple Condition ◽  
Muddy Sand ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Pressure Changes

This investigation is an attempt to obtain quantitative results on the method of functioning of the body-wall muscle-coelomic fluid system of the lugworm which was chosen as an example of a worm having this system in a relatively simple condition. Measurements of the hydrostatic pressure developed in the coelomic fluid during various phases of activity, particularly during burrowing, were recorded, and the mechanism by which pressure is differentially distributed throughout the body is discussed. The relation of pressure changes to burrowing movements is described and some calculations of the thrust which can be exerted by the worms are given. It is shown that the forces available to the worms are insufficient to allow of straight­-forward burrowing and that the ability to burrow depends on the thixotropic properties of the muddy sand in which the animals live.

scholarly journals VĀSTU- ŚĀSTRA–a Sustainable Design Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
R. Jagannathan
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human System ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Physical Level ◽  
The Right

The vedic Indian ancestors of ours not only used planning and architecture as a knowledge system to define living spaces, but also created it as a micro representation of the larger cosmos.The designing process incorporated the synergy of human system with the subtle impacts of the environment. This planning and design methodology popularly known as VāstuŚāstra, is a holistic approach to developing an integrated space.Towards achieving this concept, the ancients developed the technique of settlement planning and architectural design. The Śāstra defines the role of a planner / architect as that of ‘Sakṣhi’ – that is, a witness, for the marriage between the site and its owner. It is so said because; the planner / architect have to achieve a harmonious relationship between the site and its owner through the process of ‘architectural design’, at the physical level, mental level (mind) and the psychic level. At the physical level, this is achieved through the right usage of scale. At the mental level, this harmony is achieved by working the right proportion using the Vāstu-Puruṣa Maṇḍala, and at the psychic level, this is achieved by balancing the body energies along with the earth energy grids.

ROLE OF UREA AND METHYLAMINES IN BUOYANCY OF ELASMOBRANCHS

1994 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Withers ◽  
G Hefter ◽  
TS Pang
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Molal Volumes ◽  
Negative Buoyancy

The possible role of urea and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in providing positive buoyancy has been examined for elasmobranch fishes. TMAO has a considerably lower density than an equimolar solution of urea, and solutions of both TMAO and urea are considerably less dense than equimolar solutions of most other body fluid solutes. The body fluid composition of three elasmobranchs, the whiskery shark Furgaleus ventralis, the black whaler shark Carcharhinus obscurus and the shovelnosed ray Aptychotremata vincentiana, is typical for marine elasmobranchs, with plasma concentrations of about 260 mmol l-1 Na+, 250 mmol l-1 Cl-, 340 mmol l-1 urea and 70 mmol l-1 trimethylamine oxide. A plasma density of 1.015 was calculated for the whaler shark (from the concentrations, relative molecular masses and absolute molal volumes of plasma solutes), which would contribute a positive lift of 8.45 g l-1. There is a large positive contribution to buoyancy by urea (3.7 g l-1), trimethylamine oxide (1.8 g l-1) and Cl- (4.0 g l-1), whereas slight negative buoyancy is conferred by Na+ (-0.8 g l-1). Divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) contribute minimal negative buoyancy (about -0.1 g l-1 each) despite their rather negative partial molal volumes, because of their low concentrations. Muscle fluids contain about 40 mmol l-1 Cl-, 365 mmol l-1 urea, 160 mmol l-1 trimethylamine oxide, 16 mmol l-1 betaine and 69 mmol l-1 sarcosine. The organic solutes contribute about 12.1 g l-1 lift. Although urea and TMAO act as balancing osmolytes, and TMAO as a counteracting solute, a positive buoyancy role must be considered as a further adaptive function of urea and TMAO accumulation in chondrichthyean fishes.

The rôle of the body fluid in the movement of soft-bodied invertebrates - II. The extenstion of the siphons of Mya arenaria L. and Scrobicularia plana (da Costa)

1956 ◽  
Vol 145 (921) ◽  
pp. 564-580 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Scrobicularia Plana ◽  
Radial Muscle

It is widely held that molluscan organs are protruded and extended by a forceful influx of blood, but observations and experiments on Mya and Scrobicularia show that this is certainly not true for the movements of the siphons of these two lamellibranchs. The siphons of Mya are extended by water being forced into them from the mantle cavity by the action of the adductor muscles of the shell. Changes in length and shape of the siphons of Scrobicularia are effected solely by an intrinsic mechanism consisting of longitudinal and radial muscle fibres together with beds of collagen. The muscles are antagonized through the blood contained within the siphonal walls which at all times retain a constant volume.

Progress and perspectives on halide lithium conductors for all-solid-state lithium batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Jianwen Liang ◽  
Xiaofei Yang ◽  
Keegan R. Adair ◽  
Changhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Superionic Conductors ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Synthesis Routes

This review focuses on fundamental understanding, various synthesis routes, chemical/electrochemical stability of halide-based lithium superionic conductors, and their potential applications in energy storage as well as related challenges.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

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