scholarly journals The Role of the Liver in Iron Homeostasis and What Goes Wrong?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Ernesto Robalino Gonzaga ◽  
Irene Riestra Guiance ◽  
Richard Henriquez ◽  
Gerri Mortimore ◽  
Jan Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Hepatic Iron Overload ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Normal Cellular Function ◽  
Synthesis Of Hormones

Iron is an essential mineral that is vital for growth development, normal cellular function, synthesis of hormones and connective tissue, and most importantly, serves as a component of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to body tissues. The body finely regulates the amount of circulating and stored iron within the body to maintain concentration levels within range for optimal physiologic function. Without iron, the ability for cells to participate in electron transport and energy metabolism decreases. Furthermore, hemoglobin synthesis is altered, which leads to anemia and decreased oxygen delivery to tissue. Problems arise when there is too little or too much iron. This review explores the role of the liver in iron physiology, iron overload and discusses the most common causes of primary and secondary hepatic iron overload.

scholarly journals Erythrocytes: Central Actors in Multiple Scenes of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5843
Author(s):  
Chloé Turpin ◽  
Aurélie Catan ◽  
Olivier Meilhac ◽  
Emmanuel Bourdon ◽  
François Canonne-Hergaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Plaque Progression ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Circulating Cells ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

The development and progression of atherosclerosis (ATH) involves lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and both vascular and blood cell dysfunction. Erythrocytes, the main circulating cells in the body, exert determinant roles in the gas transport between tissues. Erythrocytes have long been considered as simple bystanders in cardiovascular diseases, including ATH. This review highlights recent knowledge concerning the role of erythrocytes being more than just passive gas carriers, as potent contributors to atherosclerotic plaque progression. Erythrocyte physiology and ATH pathology is first described. Then, a specific chapter delineates the numerous links between erythrocytes and atherogenesis. In particular, we discuss the impact of extravasated erythrocytes in plaque iron homeostasis with potential pathological consequences. Hyperglycaemia is recognised as a significant aggravating contributor to the development of ATH. Then, a special focus is made on glycoxidative modifications of erythrocytes and their role in ATH. This chapter includes recent data proposing glycoxidised erythrocytes as putative contributors to enhanced atherothrombosis in diabetic patients.

Iron Homeostasis and Disorders in Dogs and Cats: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. McCown ◽  
Andrew J. Specht
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Living Organisms

Iron is an essential element for nearly all living organisms and disruption of iron homeostasis can lead to a number of clinical manifestations. Iron is used in the formation of both hemoglobin and myoglobin, as well as numerous enzyme systems of the body. Disorders of iron in the body include iron deficiency anemia, anemia of inflammatory disease, and iron overload. This article reviews normal iron metabolism, disease syndromes of iron imbalance, diagnostic testing, and treatment of either iron deficiency or excess. Recent advances in diagnosing iron deficiency using reticulocyte indices are reviewed.

scholarly journals The role of MR imaging in detection of hepatic iron overload in patients with cirrhosis of different origins

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Szurowska ◽  
Katarzyna Sikorska ◽  
E Iżycka-Świeszewska ◽  
Tomasz Nowicki ◽  
Tomasz Romanowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Hepatic Iron ◽  
Hepatic Iron Overload ◽  
Different Origins

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Role of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees as a Potential Iron Chelating Drug

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Queen Saikia ◽  
Manas Das ◽  
Archana Saikia
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
North East

Exceeding iron levels in the body get accumulated in the liver and other vital organs that induce oxidative stress in the affected areas , which is clinically diagnosed as “iron overload”. Present study was undertaken to investigate the role of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees, an endemic species of North-east India, in ameliorating such diseased conditions. Our results indicate that the methanolic leaf extract of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus (PTME) exhibits excellent iron chelation and antioxidant activities in dose dependent manner in vitro. To understand the in vivo conditions, thirty six mice were divided into six groups which were treated with differing doses of PTME. Levels of serum markers ALT and AST significantly elevates during diseased conditions but PTME treated mice have shown a marked decrease in the group (S200) by 39.24 and 17.24%. On the contrary lowering levels of liver antioxidant enzymes (GST, GSH, SOD and CAT) indicates stress. But 200mg/kg b.w of PTME treated groups restored the enzyme to optimum levels. Morphological changes were observed through histopathological analysis of liver tissues and we found significant differences in them . PTME was found to be completely nontoxic in the in vivo treatment, suggesting its feasibility as a safe oral drug. The above study suggests that PTME contributed to its free radical scavenging and iron chelation activity; however, further studies are required for the assessment of the phytoconstituents and the pathways through which it act to treat iron-overload diseases.

scholarly journals Ferroportin-Dependent Iron Homeostasis Protects against Oxidative Stress-Induced Nucleus Pulposus Cell Ferroptosis and Ameliorates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Saideng Lu ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Rongjin Luo ◽  
Shuai Li ◽  
Gaocai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus Cell ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Human Npcs

Ferroptosis is a specialized form of regulated cell death that is charactered by iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxidation, a process associated with multiple diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is rarely investigated. This study is aimed at investigating the role of ferroptosis in oxidative stress- (OS-) induced nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) decline and the pathogenesis of IVDD and determine the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We used tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to simulate OS conditions around human NPCs. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify ferroptosis, while iron assay kit, Perl’s staining, and western blotting were performed to assay the intracellular iron levels. A ferroportin- (FPN-) lentivirus and FPN-siRNA were constructed and used to explore the relationship between FPN, intracellular iron homeostasis, and ferroptosis. Furthermore, hinokitiol, a bioactive compound known to specifically resist OS and restore FPN function, was evaluated for its therapeutic role in IVDD both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that intercellular iron overload plays an essential role in TBHP-induced ferroptosis of human NPCs. Mechanistically, FPN dysregulation is responsible for intercellular iron overload under OS. The increase in nuclear translocation of metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) restored the function of FPN, abolished the intercellular iron overload, and protected cells against ferroptosis. Additionally, hinokitiol enhanced the nuclear translocation of MTF1 by suppressing the JNK pathway and ameliorated the progression of IVDD in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ferroptosis and FPN dysfunction are involved in the NPC depletion and the pathogenesis of IVDD under OS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the protective role of FPN in ferroptosis of NPCs, suggesting its potential used as a novel therapeutic target against IVDD.

scholarly journals Role of Ayurveda in Stress and Related Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Gupta ◽  
Sarita Yadav ◽  
Arun Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
As Stress

Today is the world of competition and everybody is running day and night to achieve the best in their terms. The mankind is set into a new dimension of time where ceaseless activity throughout is making everybody restless. Overall result is the never ending physical and mental stress coming out in the form of variety of health disorders which can be called as stress related disorders like hypertension, coronary artery disease, arthritis, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis and behavioral disorders like anxiety and depression. Ayurveda mentions the stress as Sahas and its impacts on the body as aggravation of Vata Dosha and Ojokshaya leading to lowered immunity and resulting number of diseases due to that, it also relates the stress to the degeneration in the body tissues causing early aging and reduced life span. Although Acharya Caraka states that in order to stay healthy and to save the life one should always avoid over-exerting himself, however, in today’s world, stress is an inevitable part of life and so the stress induced diseases. Therefore, instead of looking for the stress avoidance strategy it is important to work on preventing the effects of stress on the body and increasing the coping capacity of the body by life style modifications, dietary interventions and other means. Ayurveda relate the Sahas to Vata aggravation in the body and provides the solution to the problem in the form of Vata balancing diet and activity regimen, Vasti therapy, rejuvenation or Rasayana therapy and application of Yoga and Pranayama.

scholarly journals Normal red blood cells’ shape stabilized by membrane’s in-plane ordering

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mesarec ◽  
W. Góźdź ◽  
A. Iglič ◽  
V. Kralj-Iglič ◽  
E. G. Virga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Extrinsic Curvature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Disorder Phase Transition ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Membrane Shape

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) are present in almost all vertebrates and their main function is to transport oxygen to the body tissues. RBCs’ shape plays a significant role in their functionality. In almost all mammals in normal conditions, RBCs adopt a disk-like (discocyte) shape, which optimizes their flow properties in vessels and capillaries. Experimentally measured values of the reduced volume (v) of stable discocyte shapes range in a relatively broad window between v ~ 0.58 and 0.8. However, these observations are not supported by existing theoretical membrane-shape models, which predict that discocytic RBC shape is stable only in a very narrow interval of v values, ranging between v ~ 0.59 and 0.65. In this study, we demonstrate that this interval is broadened if a membrane’s in-plane ordering is taken into account. We model RBC structures by using a hybrid Helfrich-Landau mesoscopic approach. We show that an extrinsic (deviatoric) curvature free energy term stabilizes the RBC discocyte shapes. In particular, we show on symmetry grounds that the role of extrinsic curvature is anomalously increased just below the nematic in-plane order-disorder phase transition temperature.

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