The Optimal Design of Mechanical Transmission Reliability

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 2189-2193
Author(s):  
Yue Zeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Shift Control ◽  
Transmission Reliability ◽  
National Performance ◽  
Space Requirements

This article from the vehicle space requirements and the overall layout of the basic requirements of ergonomics; with shift control mechanism and the spatial relationship between the car-related parts, the first shift control mechanism for the conceptual design. Then, according to Japanese standard vehicle shift control mechanism on the space size requirements, the use of EDS UG Software Company’s shift control mechanism of the structure and size of the detailed design and three-dimensional solid modeling. Finally, the shift control mechanism UG software for assembly and constraints, the use of MSC's ADAMS, the kinematic simulation and analysis. This article describes a shift control mechanism of the design and verification to provide some reference, and fill in the shift control mechanism before the national performance and test the research gaps.

Shifting perspectives: method, media and the complex image

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Colson ◽  
Ross Parry
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Cultural Resonance

This article argues that the analysis of a threedimensional image demanded a three-dimensional approach. The authors realise that discussions of images and image processing inveterately conceptualise representation as being flat, static, and finite. The authors recognise the need for a fresh acuteness to three-dimensionality as a meaningful – although problematic – element of visual sources. Two dramatically different examples are used to expose the shortcomings of an ingrained two-dimensional approach and to facilitate a demonstration of how modern (digital) techniques could sanction new historical/anthropological perspectives on subjects that have become all too familiar. Each example could not be more different in their temporal and geographical location, their cultural resonance, and their historiography. However, in both these visual spectacles meaning is polysemic. It is dependent upon the viewer's spatial relationship to the artifice as well as the spirito-intellectual viewer within the community. The authors postulate that the multi- faceted and multi-layered arrangement of meaning in a complex image could be assessed by working beyond the limitations of the two-dimensional methodological paradigm and by using methods and media that accommodated this type of interconnectivity and representation.

scholarly journals Application of 3D printed model for planning the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Huang ◽  
Ni Fan ◽  
Hai-jun Wang ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Xudong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Cranial Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery

AbstractThe application of 3D printing in planning endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is illustrated based on the analysis of patients with intracranial skull base diseases who received treatment in our department. Cranial computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging data are attained preoperatively, and three-dimensional reconstruction is performed using MIMICS (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Models of intracranial skull base diseases are printed using a 3D printer before surgery. The models clearly demonstrate the morphologies of the intracranial skull base diseases and the spatial relationship with adjacent large vessels and bones. The printing time of each model is 12.52–15.32 h, and the cost ranges from 900 to 1500 RMB. The operative approach was planned in vitro, and patients recovered postoperatively well without severe complications or death. In a questionnaire about the application of 3D printing, experienced neurosurgeons achieved scores of 7.8–8.8 out of 10, while unexperienced neurosurgeons achieved scores of 9.2–9.8. Resection of intracranial skull base lesions is demonstrated to be well assisted by 3D printing technique, which has great potential in disclosing adjacent anatomical relationships and providing the required help to clinical doctors in preoperative planning.

scholarly journals An Energy-Aware Data Transmission Scheme under the Guarantee of Reliability for 3D WSNs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
J. H. Zhang ◽  
Z. X. Yi ◽  
C. Y. Peng ◽  
Shahid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Scheme ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Shortest Path Routing ◽  
Transmission Reliability ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Three-dimensional wireless sensor networks (3D WSNs) play an important role to provide data collection services for Internet of things (IoT) in the real applications. However, many of the existing WSN data collection researches are based on a relatively simple linear or plane network model. The three-dimensional space problems are simplified to two-dimensional plane, which limits the applicability. In this paper, the data collection in 3D WSN is studied. In the three-dimensional space, we firstly analyze the data loads, energy consumption, and end-to-end (E2E) delay of each node when the network is following the shortest path routing. The mathematical analysis of data loads and E2E delay of each node are presented. Based on the analysis of data loads and energy consumption, an energy-ware data transmission scheme is proposed to achieve the trade-off optimization between the E2E delay and network lifetime under the guarantee of the transmission reliability. The key point of the proposed scheme is to make fully use of the unbalanced energy consumption of the 3D WSN. The performance of the proposed scheme is discussed, analyzed, and evaluated. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the E2E network delay and energy efficiency can be improved under the constraint of transmission reliability.

Design Modification in a Collaborative Assembly Design Environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lu ◽  
J. Y. H. Fuh ◽  
Y. S. Wong ◽  
Z. M. Qiu ◽  
W. D. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Assembly Design ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Collaborative Assembly ◽  
Feature Based

This paper discusses the design modification issue in a collaborative assembly (co-assembly) design environment, which enables multiple geographically dispersed designers to design and assemble parts collaboratively and synchronously through the Internet. An assembly representation model, viz. feature-based hierarchical co-assembly representation, is proposed to resolve the co-assembly design issues. In order to realize the design modification, a design modification propagation control mechanism is proposed. A system framework that is suitable for realizing the design modification is also proposed and developed. Finally, the detailed design modification propagation control mechanism is demonstrated through a case study.

Development of CAD System Based on Function Features

2010 ◽  
Vol 447-448 ◽  
pp. 442-446
Author(s):  
Sonken Ando ◽  
Ryo Ikeda ◽  
Hideki Aoyama ◽  
Norihito Hiruma
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Press Forming ◽  
Attribute Information

Three-dimensional CAD systems contribute considerably to the detailed design processes of products. They are applied to the construction of 3D design models which are also utilized for design evaluation using a CAE system and for NC data generation using a CAM system. Since the functions of 3D CAD systems for constructing 3D models are increasingly being enhanced, they enable designers to easily construct 3D product models without design expertise. In detailed design work, designers are required not only to exactly define product shapes but also to assign attribute information such as dimensional tolerance, geometrical tolerance, roughness, machining process to be performed etc., which are essential for the manufacturing process. However, inexperienced designers often find it extremely hard to determine optimum attribute values and design values. In addition, it is more difficult to construct the required die/mold from the desired product shape taking into account forming errors caused by shrinkage during plastic injection and springback during press forming. This paper proposes a method to automatically assign required attribute information to each part of a designed product, to assist the model construction of a die/mold from a product shape, and to provide design support information on each part of a designed product to a designer. The proposed method is realized by assigning a Function Feature to each part; all the function features proposed in this paper are original. A CAD system based on the proposed method for injection molding and press forming was developed, and results of simple design experiments confirmed the usefulness of the CAD system and function features

scholarly journals A three-dimensional structural dissection of Drosophila polytene chromosomes.

1995 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Urata ◽  
S J Parmelee ◽  
D A Agard ◽  
J W Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Band Shape ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Relationship Of

We have analyzed the three-dimensional structural details of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosome bands and interbands using three-dimensional light microscopy and a novel method of sample preparation that does not involve flattening or stretching the chromosomes. Bands have been visualized in unfixed chromosomes stained with the DNA specific dye 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Interbands have been visualized using fixed chromosomes that have been immunostained with an antibody to RNA polymerase II. Additionally, these structures have been analyzed using in situ hybridization with probes from specific genetic loci (Notch and white). Bands are seen to be composed of approximately 36 substructural features that measure 0.2-0.4 micron in diameter. We suggest that these substructural features are in fact longitudinal fibers made up of bundles of chromatids. Band shape can be a reproducible characteristic of a particular band and is dependent on the spatial relationship of these bundles, varying from bands with a uniform distribution of bundles to bands with a peripheral concentration of chromatin. Interbands are composed of bundles of chromatids of a similar size and number as those seen in the bands. The distribution of bundles is similar between a band and the neighboring interband, implying that there is a long range organization to the DNA that includes both the coding and the noncoding portions of genes. Finally, we note that the polytene chromosome has a circular shape when viewed in cross section, whether there are one or two homologs present.

THE APPLICATION OF STEREOSCOPIC VIDEO TO UNDERWATER REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLES

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Stereoscopic Display ◽  
Stereoscopic Video ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicles ◽  
Video System ◽  
North West ◽  
Manipulator Arm ◽  
Relationship Of

A stereoscopic video system for use with Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) has been developed by Curtin University's Centre for Marine Science and Technology. The system provides ROV operators with a fully three-dimensional (stereoscopic) view of the ROVs surroundings. This increased perception of depth offers several advantages to both the piloting of ROVs and also to the operation of an ROV manipulator arm.The stereoscopic video system consists of an underwater stereoscopic video camera which fits on the ROV and a stereoscopic display which is installed in the ship-based ROV control room. The system was developed in close cooperation with Woodside Offshore Petroleum which has used the system on their Triton ROV. Three ROVs are currently operated at Woodside's oil fields on Western Australia's North West Shelf.Field use of the system on the Triton ROV has revealed many advantages of stereoscopic video. One of the areas where advantages are particularly evident is in the operation of the manipulator arm. Operators have reported that it is perceptually easier to perform manipulator tasks. This is because the spatial relationship of objects can be immediately identified, making object placement and alignment easier. The system also provides a better understanding of the work site and a perceived improvement in image quality and therefore improved visibility.

scholarly journals Decoding Decentralized Control Mechanism Underlying Adaptive and Versatile Locomotion of Snakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kano ◽  
Akio Ishiguro
Keyword(s):  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Head Part ◽  
Tail Part ◽  
Sinus Lifting

Abstract Snakes have no limbs and can move in various environments using a simple elongated limbless body structure obtained through a long-term evolutionary process. Specifically, snakes have various locomotion patterns, which they change in response to conditions encountered. For example, on an unstructured terrain, snakes actively utilize the terrain’s irregularities and move effectively by actively pushing their bodies against the “scaffolds” that they encounter. In a narrow aisle, snakes exhibit concertina locomotion, in which the tail part of the body is pulled forward with the head part anchored, and this is followed by the extension of the head part with the tail part anchored. Furthermore, snakes often exhibit three-dimensional (3-D) locomotion patterns wherein the points of ground contact change in a spatiotemporal manner, such as sidewinding and sinus-lifting locomotion. This ability is achieved possibly by a decentralized control mechanism, which is still mostly unknown. In this study, we address this aspect by employing a synthetic approach to understand locomotion mechanisms by developing mathematical models and robots. We propose a Tegotae-based decentralized control mechanism and use a 2-D snake-like robot to demonstrate that it can exhibit scaffold-based and concertina locomotion. Moreover, we extend the proposed mechanism to 3D and use a 3-D snake-like robot to demonstrate that it can exhibit sidewinding and sinus-lifting locomotion. We believe that our findings will form a basis for developing snake-like robots applicable to search-and-rescue operations as well as understanding the essential decentralized control mechanism underlying animal locomotion.

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