Laser Diagnostic Investigation on the Spray and Combustion with Butanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blends

2012 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 986-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Xin Mei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Copper Vapor Laser ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Spray Penetration ◽  
Sudden Drop ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber ◽  
Laser Diagnostic

. In this paper, blends of butanol-biodiesel-diesel were tested inside a constant volume chamber to investigate liquid spray and combustion of the fuels. With high-speed camera and synchronized copper vapor laser, spray penetration during injection is recorded since it has a higher light reflectivity. Various ambient temperatures and fuel composition were investigated. There is a sudden drop in spray penetration at 800 K and 900 K, but not at 1000 K and 1200 K. When the spray penetration of the butanol-biodiesel-diesel blends is compared to that of the biodiesel-diesel blends, under non-combusting environment, a sudden drop in spray penetration length is also observed at 1100 K. High speed imaging shows that, for the non-combusting case, at 1100 K, the tip of the spray jet erupts into a plume sometime after injection for the butanol-biodiesel-diesel blend. The same is not seen with the biodiesel-diesel blend, neither at lower ambient temperature of 900 K. It is concluded that micro-explosion can occurs under particular conditions for the butanol-biodiesel-diesel blend, and the results is consistent with previous study in the literature.

Visual Spray and Evaporization Character of Biodiesel Blend Fuels in a Combustion Chamber

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 654-660
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Copper Vapor Laser ◽  
Diffusion Combustion ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber ◽  
Fuel Evaporation ◽  
Measured Liquid

Different from traditional engine test, an optical constant volume chamber simulated HTHP ambient condition was employed by using biodiesel-diesel-butanol blends. With high-speed camera and synchronized copper vapor laser, recorded fuel spray and combustion process, measured liquid jet penetration length and heat release rate under variable ambient temperature and fuel composition conditions. With ambient temperature increasing, burn process converted from premixed combustion to diffusion combustion, and the micro-explosion became weak and disappeared. It was concluded that micro-explosion could occur under particular initial ambient temperature and specific blend ratio conditions for the biodiesel-diesel-butanol fuel, that will distinctly enhance fuel evaporation and premixed combustion process.

Analysis of Micro-Explosion Phenomenon in a Constant Volume Chamber by Butanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

2012 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 996-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Xin Mei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber ◽  
Jet Penetration

Different blend ratio of ternary component fuel was tested inside a constant volume chamber to investigate fuel injection and combustion under similar real engine working conditions. Because liquid spray light scattering is the different reflective rate from the liquid droplets and its surrounding background, butanol-biodiesel-diesel liquid jet penetration length can be highlighted in the images taken by high speed camera. Various ambient temperatures from 800K to 1200K and fuel composition were investigated. Measured results showed that sudden but repeatable drop of liquid jet penetration length at constant ambient temperature conditions of 800K and 900K. With ambient temperature increasing, this phenomenon became weak and disappeared. So more works focus on non-combusting experiments in order to delete combustion reflect. With butanol and biodiesel content increasing, micro explosion becomes prone excited and more violent because of the enlarged differences in volatilities and boiling point among the components. It is concluded that micro explosion which will distinctly enhances premixed combustion process and heat release rate but it present under certain initial ambient temperature conditions only and the light fuel content shouldn’t be lower than 10%.

Investigation on Spray and Soot Lift-Off Length of an ABE-Diesel Blend in a Constant Volume Chamber With Diesel Engine Conditions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wu ◽  
Karthik Nithyanandan ◽  
Boqi Li ◽  
Timothy H. Lee ◽  
Chia-fon F. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Copper Vapor Laser ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE), an intermediate product in the ABE fermentation process for producing bio-butanol, is considered as a promising alternative fuel because it not only preserves the advantages of oxygenated fuel, which typically emit less pollutants compared to conventional diesel, but also lowers the cost of fuel recovery for each individual component during the fermentation. In this work, 20% ABE with component ratio of 3:6:1 and 80% ultra-sulfur diesel by volume, referred as ABE20, and pure diesel, referred as D100, were injected and combusted in a constant volume chamber with the ability to mimic high temperature and high pressure conditions of real diesel cylinder near the top dead center. By adjusting intake partial pressure and injection timing, the ambient oxygen concentration and temperature for fuel injection can be controlled. Ambient temperatures were set at 1100K, 900K and 700K to cover conventional temperature combustion and low temperature combustion, while the ambient oxygen concentrations were set at 21%, 16% and 11% to cover different EGR ratios separately. Spray and natural flame images were captured by a high speed camera coupled with a copper vapor laser as a light source. The results show that spray liquid penetration and soot lift-off length are shorter and much longer for ABE20 than those for D100 separately under all tested conditions, which form a much bigger gap from spray tip to the combustion area for ABE20. A big gap reduces the local equivalence ratio at the combustion area and then suppresses the soot formation due to the gap is the most effective area for air-fuel mixing processes. Indeed, the natural flame luminosity which represents the soot emission level of ABE20 is significantly lower than that of D100 at all tested conditions. At the same time, ABE20 performed a similar combustion phasing with D100 under high ambient temperature, but experienced an aggressive retardation under low ambient temperatures especially with low ambient oxygen concentrations. In addition, ABE20 did not show a stronger concentrated premixed combustion since its heat release rate peak is lower than that of D100, which was also confirmed by its longer combustion duration. Therefore, ABE20 expresses a high potential to reduce soot emissions but it also has to face combustion deterioration at low temperature combustion conditions.

Quantitative Investigation of Spray Characteristics of Unique Diesel Injector Tips

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica L. Blobaum ◽  
Stephen A. Ciatti ◽  
David E. Foster
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Copper Vapor Laser ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Diesel Fuel Injection

Abstract A quantitative study of diesel fuel injection was conducted to investigate minute differences in spray plume development from several unique injector tips. In this study, a set of six eight-hole injector tips was assessed to evaluate distinguishable spray characteristics. The tips have known variability in soot and NOx data during in-engine testing. A spray fixture was constructed with a cam-pressurized electronic unit injector and a 5.1L, nitrogen-pressurized spray chamber. Injection conditions such as injection timing and duration were experimentally controlled to replicate actual engine load conditions. A copper-vapor laser illuminated the fuel spray, and a high-speed digital camera was timed to capture the injection events. Digital analysis of the spray images produced quantified penetration length, cone angle, and two-dimensional area data as a function of crank angle. The first five observed spray images (up to a spray radius of approximately 6 cm) of each injection event are presented. Initial qualitative analysis of the spray images indicated clear and repeatable asymmetries, as well as plume development differences between the injector tips. These observations suggest that early penetration length measurements may be indicative of emissions trends. It is assumed that variations in spray shapes can be correlated to NOx and soot data. The level of these differences, however, is minute, suggesting that detailed characterization strategies must be implemented to detect the spray patterns that are most influential to engine emissions.

Experimental Study of the Spray Characteristics of n-Butanol/Diesel Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 1394-1399
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Li Li Zhu ◽  
Zhan Cheng Wang ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Hong Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Spray Penetration ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Area Increase

we studied the spray characteristics of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends using a high-speed camera and schlieren system, and analyzed the effect of different fuels, ambient pressure and injection pressure conditions on the spray penetration, spray cone angle, spray area, et al. The results showed that, at the same injection pressure, as the increase of ambient pressure, the spray cone angle of the same volume of fuel increases gradually, the spray penetration and the spray area decreases; under the same ambient pressure, the spray penetration, spray cone angle and spray area increase gradually with the increasing injection pressure, but when the injection pressure increases enough, the parameters are roughly the same; and the parameters basically all increase with the adding of n-butanol.

Experimental Measurement of In-Plane Rolling Nonpneumatic Tire Vibrations Using High-Speed Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-210
Author(s):  
Meghashyam Panyam ◽  
Beshah Ayalew ◽  
Timothy Rhyne ◽  
Steve Cron ◽  
John Adcox
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Correlation Algorithm ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Plane Deformations ◽  
Dominant Frequencies

ABSTRACT This article presents a novel experimental technique for measuring in-plane deformations and vibration modes of a rotating nonpneumatic tire subjected to obstacle impacts. The tire was mounted on a modified quarter-car test rig, which was built around one of the drums of a 500-horse power chassis dynamometer at Clemson University's International Center for Automotive Research. A series of experiments were conducted using a high-speed camera to capture the event of the rotating tire coming into contact with a cleat attached to the surface of the drum. The resulting video was processed using a two-dimensional digital image correlation algorithm to obtain in-plane radial and tangential deformation fields of the tire. The dynamic mode decomposition algorithm was implemented on the deformation fields to extract the dominant frequencies that were excited in the tire upon contact with the cleat. It was observed that the deformations and the modal frequencies estimated using this method were within a reasonable range of expected values. In general, the results indicate that the method used in this study can be a useful tool in measuring in-plane deformations of rolling tires without the need for additional sensors and wiring.

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