Analysis of Laminate Configuration on Impact Properties of Glass Fibre Epoxy Nanocomposites

The impact behaviors of glass fibre reinforced/epoxy nanocomposites were studied by experimental using instrumental falling weight testing machine at three different energy levels. Two types of laminates were prepared by hand lay-up method with varying nanoclay into the epoxy in a 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively. The structures of nanocomposites were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the nanoclay was orderly exfoliated in the epoxy resin. The impact properties of maximum load and energy absorption were determined. It was observed that addition of 3% nanoclay into the epoxy, the maximum load was enhanced by 32% and energy absorption by 24% at the energy level of 24.89J. The impact fractured surface morphology of the glass fibre/epoxy nanocomposites was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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Influence of Hybridisation and Test Geometry on the Impact Response of Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Laminated Composites

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/096739110201000401 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 259-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bernard Schrauwen ◽

Pascal Bertens ◽

Ton Peijs

Keyword(s):

Glass Fibre ◽

Test Set ◽

Impact Behaviour ◽

Impact Tests ◽

Hybrid Laminates ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽

Weight Impact ◽

Set Up ◽

Falling Weight ◽

The Impact

This paper describes the results of falling weight impact tests (FWITs) on glass-fibre-reinforced (GRP) laminates and E-glass/Dyneema® hybrid laminates. The test programme consisted of (i) falling weight impact tests to determine the penetration energy and (ii) experiments to determine the influence of hybrid construction on damage development and impact fatigue lifetime under repeated impact conditions at sub-penetration energy levels. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of hybridisation on the impact behaviour of GRP laminates as well as to find optimal conditions for hybridisation. It was shown that in the case of a rigid test set-up - and hence small deflections - the influence of the Dyneema® on the impact behaviour of hybrid laminates is rather small because damage processes are the result of local contact stresses in the vicinity of the impact body, whereas in the case of a compliant test set-up and large deflections the high energy storage capacity of the ductile Dyneema® fibres is used far more effectively for the protection of hybrid composite laminates. Therefore, it was concluded that in order to fully utilise the potential of high-performance polyethylene fibres it is essential that these fibres are located on the (non-impacted) tensile side of an impacted laminate and that the geometrical test conditions are such that large (bending) deformations are allowed.

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Impact Analysis of Carbon/Glass/Epoxy Hybrid Composite Pipes

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c4798.118419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 6002-6006

Keyword(s):

Energy Absorption ◽

Impact Analysis ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Low Velocity Impact ◽

Internal Diameter ◽

Low Velocity ◽

Glass Carbon ◽

Composite Pipes ◽

The Impact

Filament winded composite pipes are used in various environments conditions for different applications. In this study filament winded hybrid (Glass/Carbon/Epoxy) composite pipes with interwoven (CG90/CG60) orientation were tested under various low velocity impact conditions for two different thickness. Internal diameter as 50 mm with various thicknesses such as 4 mm, 6mm are used to study the effect of impact. The impact test conducted at three different energy levels as 20 J, 25 J and 30 J. Effect of impact on these pipes were measured by the comparison of energy absorption, force and deformation values. The results shows that increasing thickness of specimens increase maximum load carrying capacity and reduces the energy absorption and deformation of impacted specimens

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Low Velocity Impact of Aluminium Foam - Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic Sandwich Panels

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.74 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1113 ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

Mohd Fadzli Ismail ◽

Aidah Jumahat ◽

Nurulnatisya Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Hussain Ismail

Keyword(s):

Energy Absorption ◽

Glass Fibre ◽

Sandwich Structures ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Aluminium Foam ◽

Low Velocity Impact ◽

Reinforced Plastic ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽

The Impact

Sandwich structures with metal foams core are widely used in various engineering applications due to their special properties of high-strength and high-stiffness to weight ratio when compared to the properties of pure material systems. Sandwich structures have the capability to resist impact loads which make them favorable for energy absorber application. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact properties of aluminium foam sandwiched with glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP). Drop weight impact test was conducted using hemispherical impactor tip at velocity of 6.7 m/s by striking the samples with and without face-sheets. The result showed that the GFRP and aluminium foam core sandwich panel exhibited promising energy absorption properties, corresponding to the highest specific energy absorption value observed.

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Evaluation of Energy Absorption Capabilities of Polyethylene Foam under Impact Deformation

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14133613 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3613

Author(s):

Baohui Yang ◽

Yangjie Zuo ◽

Zhengping Chang

Keyword(s):

Energy Absorption ◽

Failure Modes ◽

High Strain ◽

Early Stage ◽

High Energy ◽

Test Method ◽

Test Theory ◽

Strain Rates ◽

Impact Properties ◽

The Impact

Foams are widely used in protective applications requiring high energy absorption under impact, and evaluating impact properties of foams is vital. Therefore, a novel test method based on a shock tube was developed to investigate the impact properties of closed-cell polyethylene (PE) foams at strain rates over 6000 s−1, and the test theory is presented. Based on the test method, the failure progress and final failure modes of PE foams are discussed. Moreover, energy absorption capabilities of PE foams were assessed under both quasi-static and high strain rate loading conditions. The results showed that the foam exhibited a nonuniform deformation along the specimen length under high strain rates. The energy absorption rate of PE foam increased with the increasing of strain rates. The specimen energy absorption varied linearly in the early stage and then increased rapidly, corresponding to a uniform compression process. However, in the shock wave deformation process, the energy absorption capacity of the foam maintained a good stability and exhibited the best energy absorption state when the speed was higher than 26 m/s. This stable energy absorption state disappeared until the speed was lower than 1.3 m/s. The loading speed exhibited an obvious influence on energy density.

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The Effect of Layers and Bullet Type on Impact Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Using a Single Stage Gas Gun (SSGG)

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.428 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 564 ◽

pp. 428-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.N.A. Safri ◽

Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan ◽

N. Razali ◽

Shahnor Basri ◽

Noorfaizal Yidris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Impact Energy ◽

Glass Fibre ◽

Impact Test ◽

Single Stage ◽

Gas Gun ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽

Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this work is to study the best number of layer with the higher impact energy using Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP). The number of layers used in this study was 25, 33, 41, and 49. The impact test was performed using Single Stage Gas Gun (SSGG) for each layers given above with different bullets such as blunt, hemispherical and conical bullets. The gas gun pressure was set to 5, 10, 15 and 20 bar. All of the signals captured from the impact test were recorded using a ballistic data acquisition system. The correlation between the impact energy in terms of number of layer and type of bullet from this test are presented and discussed. It can be summarise that as the number of layer increases, impact energy also increases. In addition, from the results, it was observed that by using different types of bullets (blunt, hemispherical, conical), there is only a slight difference in values of energy absorbed by the specimen.

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Effect of SiO2 Nanoparticles on the Mechanical and Low Velocity Impact Properties of Epoxy/Glass Composites

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.838.29 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 838 ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Michał Landowski ◽

Krystyna Imielińska

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Energy Absorption ◽

Impact Energy ◽

Epoxy Matrix ◽

Low Velocity Impact ◽

Low Velocity ◽

Nanoparticle Suspension ◽

Impact Properties ◽

Velocity Impact ◽

The Impact

Flexural strength and low velocity impact properties were investigated in terms of possibile improvements due to epoxy matrix modification by SiO2 nanoparticles (1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%wt.) in glass/epoxy laminates formed using hand lay-up method. The matrix resin was Hexion L285 (DGEBA) with Nanopox A410 - SiO2 (20 nm) nanoparticle suspension in the base epoxy resin (DGEBA) supplied by Evonic. Modification of epoxy matrix by variable concentrations of nanoSiO2 does not offer significant improvements in the flexural strength σg, Young’s modulus E and interlaminar shear strength for 1% 3% and 5% nanoSiO2 and for 7% a slight drop (up to ca. 15-20%) was found. Low energy (1J) impact resistance of nanocomposites represented by peak load in dynamic impact characteristics was not changed for nanocompoosites compared to the unmodified material. However at higher impact energy (3J) nanoparticles appear to slightly improve the impact energy absorption for 3% and 5%. The absence or minor improvements in the mechanical behaviour of nanocomposites is due to the failure mechanisms associated with hand layup fabrication technique: (i.e. rapid crack propagation across the extensive resin pockets and numerous pores and voids) which dominate the nanoparticle-dependent crack energy absorption mechanisms (microvoids formation and deformation).

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Experimental assessment of adding carbon nanotubes on the impact properties of Kevlar-ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers hybrid composites

Journal of Industrial Textiles ◽

10.1177/1528083720921483 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 152808372092148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mansour B Bigdilou ◽

Reza Eslami-Farsani ◽

Hossein Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri ◽

Mohammad A Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Energy Absorption ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽

Absorbed Energy ◽

Impact Properties ◽

Damage Area ◽

Ultrahigh Molecular Weight ◽

The Impact

In the present study, the effect of adding various percentage (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.9 wt.%) of carbon nanotubes on the impact properties of hybrid composites reinforced with the different stacking sequence of Kevlar fibers and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene was investigated. The obtained results showed that the composite with the configuration of sandwiched ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene layers by Kevlar layers had the higher impact properties as compared with other hybrid configurations. Adding 0.1 wt.% carbon nanotubes in this configuration was caused to increase the normalized absorbed energy more than 6.5 times. The fracture surface of this configuration showed that the branching and expanding the damage area were the dominant mechanisms for the energy absorption of impactor. Also, the field emission scanning electron microscope illustrated that the carbon nanotubes by bridging, pulling out, and fracturing mechanisms increased the capability of energy absorption in the hybrid composites.

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