Three-Dimensional Visual Modeling Technology and Application of Open Pit Mining Boundary

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 790-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Yan ◽  
Zi Long Zhou ◽  
Xi Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
Visual Model

With mining depth and state-wide expansion in open pit mining, it is necessary to bulid a three-dimensional visual model of open pit mining boundary, which can be used in the analysis of pit slope stability, engineering decisions, geological analysis and production planning. In this paper, a three-dimensionla visual model reflecting the complex formation load and terrain conditions was built by collecting original open pit design and geological data. With this model, stability analysis of open pit can be obtained and theoretical basis for selection of design can be provided. In the specific prcess of modelling, the original information in the existing CAD mining topographic maps were be used fully and the mine topographic maps was imported into Surpac mining software. Surface digital terrain model can be obtained elevation assignmented by corrction processing of CAD linears and vector processing of measring point data. On this basis, by using MIDAS software and considering the requirements of the scope of computational space, a three-dimensional model can be obtained through Boolean cut operations. With this model, the real surface shape of open pit mining boundary can be reflected.

ASSESSMENT OF THE GEOMECHANICAL CONDITION OF THE KALMAKYR COPPER-PORPHYRY ORE DEPOSIT MINING SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1212-127
Author(s):  
E.N. ESINA ◽  
◽  
A.E. KIRKOV ◽  
A.I. DOSKALOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Porphyry Copper ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Copper Porphyry ◽  
Geological Conditions

The Almalyk deposit of porphyry copper ores (Kalmakyr quarry) here is the subject for exploration of the open-pit mining parameters. A three-dimensional model of the quarry is developed by the modern geoinformation modeling method basing on system analysis of mining and geological conditions and technical mining parameters of the Almalyk copper-porphyry ore deposit open-pit. Main factors influencing the deformation processes development in the rock mass are identified. The probable zones of deformations of the Kalmakyr quarry sides with an increase in its depth are determined. It is recommended to organize and carry out continuous comprehensive geomechanical monitoring to ensure the safe further exploration at the quarry. This measures allow to quickly determine the signs preceding the occurrence of emergency situations, take preventive steps to stabilize the geomechanical condition of considered mining system.

scholarly journals Modern Geodetic Measurement Techniques in Gravimetric Studies on the Example of Gypsum Karst in the Siesławice Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Porzucek ◽  
Monika Łój ◽  
Karolina Matwij ◽  
Wojciech Matwij
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Geodetic Measurement ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Gypsum Karst

In the region of Siesławice (near Busko-Zdrój, Poland) there are unique phenomena of gypsum karst. Atmospheric factors caused numerous gypsum outcrops, canals and underground voids. The article presents the possibility of using non-invasive gravimetric surveys supplemented with geodetic measurements to illustrate karst changes occurring around the void. The use of modern geodetic measurement techniques including terrestrial and airborne laser scanning enables to generate a digital terrain model and a three-dimensional model of voids. Gravimetric field studies allowed to map the anomalies of the gravitational field of the near-surface zone. Geodetic measurement results have made it possible to accurately determine the terrain correction that supplemented the gravimetric anomaly information. Geophysical interpretation indicate the presence of weathered rocks in the near surface zone and fractures and loosened zones located surround the karst cave.

Application of Bentley Power Rail Track Software in the BIM Railway Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 1091-1094
Author(s):  
Xi Sheng ◽  
Hua Peng Luo ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Rail Track ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Design Software

Belonging to the Bentley Microstation series which work as one of the BIM platforms, the Bentley Power Rail Track shows huge advantages in the railway design for its visibility, high efficiency, advance, reliability and so on. This paper introduces the way to build the digital terrain model, alignments, cross sections, turnouts and to display the three-dimensional model of the railway for the Bentley Power Rail Track 3D railway design software. It provides application preparation for the BIM railway design and achieves the preliminary exploration of BIM applications. Bentley Power Rail Track proves capable of the BIM railway design.

scholarly journals Brown Coal in Victoria, Australia and Maddingley Brown Coal Open Cut Mine Batter Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Greg You
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Brown coal is young, shallowly deposited, and widely distributed in the world. It is a fuel commonly used to generate electricity. This paper first reviews the resources and characteristics of brown coal in Victoria, Australia, and its exploitation and contribution to the economy or power supply in Victoria. Due to the shallow depth of the brown coal seam, e.g. very favorable stripping ratio, open pit mining is the only mining method used to extract the coal at low cost for power generators. With the large-scale mining operations, cases of batter failure were not rare in the area. From the comprehensive review of past failures, overburden batter tends to fail by circular sliding, coal batter tends to fail by block sliding after the overburden is stripped due to a weak water-bearing layer underneath the coal seam and tension cracks developed at the rear of the batter, and batter failure is typically coincided with peak raining seasons. Secondly, the paper reviews the case study of Maddingley Brown Coal (MBC) Open Cut Mine batter stability, including geology, hydrogeology, and hydro-mechanically coupled numerical modelling. The modelling employs three-dimensional finite element method to simulate the MBC northern batter where cracks were observed in November 2013. The comprehensive simulation covers an overburden batter, a brown coal batter, two rainfall models, and a buttressed batter. The simulated results agree well with observed data, and it is found that the rainfall at the intensity of 21mm substantially lowered the factor of safety of the coal batter.

scholarly journals Calibration of a Three-dimensional slope stability evaluation in Brazilian iron open pit mine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidal Félix Navarro Torres ◽  
Rodrigo Dockendorff ◽  
Juan Manuel Girao Sotomayor ◽  
Cristian Castro ◽  
Aristotelina Ferreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Dimensional Section ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

Abstract It has historically been frequent among geotechnical practitioners, that the stability analysis of the slopes of an open pit is performed using a two dimensional section representing the highest and steepest walls within a certain geological setting. However, the literature shows that to predict rupture events in an open pit, a three-dimensional analysis would better represent the actual conditions, as the spatial distribution of the lithology and the structural features play an important role when defining the stability of the slopes. This paper presents the case study of an open it located in Brazil, which experienced instabilities between the years 2001-2019. An evaluation of the behavior of the open pit was performed by calibrating the strength parameters to represent the best documented rupture events. The three-dimensional model was made using the FLAC3D software. The results show that there is a good correlation between the results of the model and the reports of past instabilities. Finally, recommendations are presented for the inter-ramp angles for each lithology based on the calibrated stability analyzes performed. This work seeks to contribute to the knowledge in evaluation techniques for the three-dimensional behavior of open pits.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Analysis of Dynamic Response for Open-Pit Mine with Inside Inclined Shafts under Train Loading

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1681
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Song-Tao Ni ◽  
Fa-Wu Yang ◽  
Zhong-Xin Wang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Load Train ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Train Vibration ◽  
Train Loading

The stability of open-pit mining is a hot issue in geotechnical engineering. A mining railroad is in operation on the slope where the east exhaust inclined shaft and the east sand injection inclined shaft on the Laohutai Mine are located, and it was necessary to determine whether railroad vibration would have an impact on the safety of the inclined shafts. With this project as the background, the dynamic response of the slope with inside two inclined shafts was conducted under train loading. A three-dimensional numerical model by using PLAXIS 3D was established to analyze the stability of the slope. The results show that the dynamic reaction caused by the full-loaded train is significantly greater than the no-load train. The safety factor of the slope under the dynamic load is 1.201, and the maximum displacement of the slope which occurred in the gravel layer directly beneath the train track is about 5 mm. The acceleration responses of the two inclined shafts are almost consistent. The maximum horizontal and vertical acceleration occur at the epidote weak layer. The acceleration directly below the load increases significantly. Therefore, it can be considered that the slopes are stable under the action of train vibration, and the influence on the two inclined shafts is small and negligible.

A Numerical Elastoplastic Model for Rough Contact

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mayeur ◽  
P. Sainsot ◽  
L. Flamand
Keyword(s):  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
Elastic Shakedown ◽  
Von Mises

Pressure distributions due to surface roughness in contact induce high stresses just beneath the surface. These stresses can bring on crack initiation and micro-pitting. A purely elastic contact model to account for these effects is restrictive because stress fields often exceed the yield strength of the material. Plastic flow occurs and modifies the surface shape and material properties (work hardening). This paper presents a numerical model for elastoplastic rough contact. It allows the determination of real pressures and permanent surface displacements (flattening of asperities) as well as residual stress and plastic strains useful in fatigue analysis). The material is assumed to obey the Von-Mises yield criterion with linear kinematic hardening. Real surface profiles obtained from a measurement can be considered. In addition, simplified methods have been used to treat cyclic loading. Thus the ability of a rough surface to reach an elastic shakedown state can be investigated, even for a three-dimensional contact found, for instance, in roller bearings.

A general limit equilibrium model for three-dimensional slope stability analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lam ◽  
D.G. Fredlund
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Case History ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
General Limit

A generalized model for three-dimensional analysis, using the method of columns, is presented. The model is an extension of the two-dimensional general limit equilibrium formulation. Intercolumn force functions of arbitrary shape can be specified to simulate various directions for the intercolumn resultant forces. A unique feature of the model involves the use of a geostatistical procedure (i.e., the Kriging technique) in modelling the geometry of the slope, the stratigraphy, the potential slip surface, and the pore-water pressure conditions. The technique simplifies the data-input procedure and expedites the column discretization and the factor of safety computations. The shape of the intercolumn force functions was investigated for several slope geometries using a three-dimensional finite element stress analysis. The significance of the intercolumn force functions in three-dimensional stability analyses was also studied. The model was utilized to study a case history involving an open-pit mining failure. The results indicate that the model is able to provide a more realistic simulation of the case history than was possible using a conventional two-dimensional model. Key words : stability analysis, general limit equilibrium, three-dimensional, method of columns, factor of safety.

Seismic attenuation spectra in rock mass characterization; a case study in open‐pit mining

Geophysics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Young ◽  
J. J. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Seismic Attenuation ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Rock Mass Characterization ◽  
Fracture Anisotropy

The application of engineering geophysics to the characterization of rock masses is exemplified through a case study of three phases of a research project into the design of efficient blasting systems in open‐pit mining. Seismic experiments are used before and after mine blasting to monitor the efficiency of explosions in terms of rock fragmentation. Spectral analysis of seismic signals, after they have been used to interrogate rock masses, is used to compute preblast and postblast attenuation and velocity parameters. The results show that fragmentation efficiency of a mine blast and fracture anisotropy of a rock mass can be quantified in terms of three‐dimensional (3-D) attenuation spectra and polar anisotropy diagrams. These seismic data are correlated with the blast design and the energy used by the excavating dragline machine to dig to rock mass. An overview of the seismic attenuation technique and instrumentation used in the project (phases I and II) is given. A case study from phase III highlights the scope and interpretation of the relationship between excavation parameters and seismically characterized blasting efficiency.

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