Preparation, Decomposition and Characterizations of Bangka - Indonesia Ilmenite (FeTiO3) Derived by Hydrothermal Method Using Concentrated NaOH Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 750-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa Hanum Lalasari ◽  
Florentinus Firdiyono ◽  
Akhmad Herman Yuwono ◽  
Sri Harjanto ◽  
Bambang Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Titanium Metal ◽  
White Pigment ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Metal Titanium ◽  
Tio2 Pigment ◽  
Impurity Elements ◽  
Operation Cost

Ilmenite is an economically important and interesting mineral. It is found as a by-product of tin mining in Bangka Indonesia. This mineral has can be used as the source of making titanium metal, titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigment and material for photo catalysts. However, the synthesis of TiO2 from ilmenite using both sulfate and chloride processes still has faced a major problem to obtain white pigment of high purity and lower operation cost. This is mainly due to Fe2O3 impurity in TiO2 pigment which cannot be easily decomposed. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the possibility of using Bangka ilmenite mineral to obtain TiO2 pigments and photocatalysts. For this purpose, , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as decomposition solution via hydrothermal process in a teflon-lined autoclave equipment. The characterization results indicated that Bangka ilmenite contains a significant TiO2 level of more than 30 %, although there still remains some other impurities. Upon decomposition of dissolution using NaOH, was decrease in impurity elements down to 60 %. The decomposition process of ilmenite was optimum at NaOH concentration of 10 M where the ilmenite decomposes to form an intermediate phase of sodium titanate with the morphological shape of fine threads.

scholarly journals Alkali-Hydrothermal Treatment of K-Rich Igneous Rocks for Their Direct Use as Potassic Fertilizers

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Aaron Mbissik ◽  
Abdellatif Elghali ◽  
Muhammad Ouabid ◽  
Otmane Raji ◽  
Jean-Louis Bodinier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Naoh Solution

Due to the increasing demand for conventional sources of potassium (K) and their inaccessibility by African countries, K-rich igneous rocks are increasingly studied as potential alternative sources. In this study, six potassic igneous rocks (syenites and trachytes) from the Tamazeght, Jbel Boho, Ait Saoun, and El Glo’a regions (Morocco) were sampled and characterized. Then they were hydrothermally treated to enhance their K release for potential use as potassic fertilizers. The raw materials are mainly formed by microcline (up to 74%), orthoclase (20–68%), albite (36–57%), biotite-muscovite (15–23%), and titanite, calcite, hematite, and apatite as accessory minerals. These samples were crushed and milled to reach a particle size <150 µm and mixed with 4 N NaOH solution in an autoclave. The liquid/solid (L/S) ratio was about 44 mL/50 g. The powders were allowed to react with the solution at 170 °C for 7 h. For all tests, NaOH reacted completely with the powders and no liquid was observed after the treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (IRTF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were carried out on treated samples to characterize the mineralogical and structural changes due to the alkali-hydrothermal treatment. Indeed, the treated samples revealed the presence of sodic neoformed phases such as thermonatrite, sodalite, analcime, and cancrinite. The treated material was leached for a week using deionized water and the elements released were measured using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The hydrothermal process showed a strong effect on structure breakdown as well as on the release of K and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Si, Mg, and Ca. Therefore, the alkali-hydrothermal treatment allowed the release of 50.5 wt% K. Moreover, the release of Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si were significantly increased. Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si release within raw materials was about (0.5–3.6), (3.5–31.4), (0.01–0.4), (0.01–0.3), (20–55), and (4.6–8) mg/kg, respectively, whereas treated samples showed a higher release of these elements. Quantitatively, Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si releases were about (10–11.8), (60–70), (7–20), (1.2–15), (218–1278), and (1119–2759) mg/kg, respectively. Consequently, the treated igneous rocks (syenite and trachyte) could be directly used as potassic fertilizers that would also be a source of other nutrients.

Formability of Hydroxyapatite on Beta-Type Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy for Biomedical Applications through Alkaline Treatment Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 352 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Akahori ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Masaaki Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Bioactive Surface Modification

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used as biomaterials for hard tissue replacements because of their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the bonding between their surfaces and bone is not enough after implantation. The bioactive surface modification such as a hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on their surfaces has been investigated. Recently, a simple method for forming HAp layer on the surfaces of titanium and its alloys has been developed. This method is called as alkaline treatment process. In this method, HAp deposits on the surfaces of titanium and its alloys by dipping into simulated body fluid (SBF) after an alkaline solution treatment that is followed by a baking treatment (alkaline treatment). This process is applicable to newly developed beta-type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy (TNTZ) for biomedical applications achieving bioactive HAp modification. In this study, the morphology of the HAp layer formed on the surface of TNTZ was investigated after various alkaline treatments followed by dipping in SBF. The formability of HAp on the surface of TNTZ was then discussed. The formability of HAp on TNTZ is much lower than that of commercially pure Ti, Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloys, which are representative metallic biomaterials. The formability of HAp on TNTZ is improved by increasing the amount of Na in the sodium titanate gels formed during an alkaline solution treatment where the NaOH concentrations and the dipping time are over 5 M and 172.8 ks, respectively. The formability of HAp on TNTZ is considerably improved by dipping in a 5 M NaOH solution for 172.8 ks. This condition for alkaline solution treatment process is the most suitable for TNTZ.

Preparation of Titanium Oxide Nanotube by Hydrothermal Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1165-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Qamar ◽  
Cho Rong Yoon ◽  
Hyo Jin Oh ◽  
Anna Czoska ◽  
K. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Hollow Fibers ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Tio2 Sol ◽  
Naoh Solution

The TiO2 sol was prepared hydrothermally in an autoclave from aqueous TiOCl2 solutions as starting precursor. Hollow fibers were obtained when sol-gel derived TiO2 sol was treated chemically with NaOH solution and subsequently heated in autoclave under various conditions. A systematic analysis of the influence of different NaOH concentrations on the formation of nanotubes has been carried out using XRD and SEM. The phase structure of the synthesized material was determined by transmission electron microscopy and found that these materials are, infact, hollow fibers widely known as nanotubes. From the TEM images, the outer and inner diameters of the tubes were measured ca. 8 and about 4 nm, respectively, with several hundred nanometers in length.

Role of Alkaline Fusion in the Growth of Sodium Titanite Nanostructures from Rutile Mineral

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Yusoff M.S. Meor ◽  
E.M. Mahdi ◽  
Muslimin Masliana ◽  
Paulus Wilfred
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Fusion Process ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Alkaline Fusion ◽  
Spherical Structure ◽  
Spherical Grains

The paper presents a study on the use of alkaline fusion to produce nanostructured sodium titanate from rutile mineral. The spherical structure of the micron-sized starting material changed and transformed to a two-dimensional nanostructure after the alkaline fusion process. After 7 hours dissolution with 30% NaOH, the growth of sodium titanate nanorod is observed, and after undergoing prolonged dissolution, nanowires, with an average diameter of 20-40 nm and a length of 1-4 µm are formed. The study also showed that using 0.1M HCl to wash the titanate complex results in a sodium titanate that is free from NaOH residue, although at higher molarities, the nanostructure will collapse, and spherical grains formed. The important role of alkaline fusion in this hydrothermal process is that it will reduce dissolution time, while NaOH concentration is required for the growth of nanostructured sodium titanate.

Gel Oxidation of Titanium for Biomedical Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah ◽  
Pramod Koshy ◽  
Charles Christopher Sorrell
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
Titanium Metal ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Sodium titanate gels have been formed on the surface of titanium metal using sodium hydroxide solution and then oxidised at 400° - 800°C. The reaction sequence for these processes with increasing temperature is Ti sodium titanate gel crystalline sodium titanate gel porous (top) and dense (bottom) anatase porous (top) and dense (bottom) rutile. These samples were subsequently soaked in simulated body fluid in order to study the precipitation of hydroxyapatite.

Preparation and Characterizations of Na2Ti3O7, H2Ti3O7 and TiO2 Nanobelts

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1233-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Min Wang ◽  
Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Sodium Titanate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogen Titanate ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, the Ti-O-Compound nanobelts from commercial TiO2 (annatase phase) were synthesized via the alkali-hydrothermal process. The as-synthesized nanobelts are sodium titanate, hydrogen titanate and anatase with general formula Na2Ti3O7, H2Ti3O7and TiO2, respectively. The nanobelts are characterized by Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectra (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) apparatuses. The characterization indicates that the nanobelts with typical widths of 50 to 200 nm, thicknesses of 20 to 50 nm, and up to a few millimeters in length. The conversion mechanisms between the layer titanate and anatase of nanobelts have been discussed in this study.

Fabrication of Highly Flexible Copper Nanowires in Dual Surfactant Hydrothermal Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7156-7162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela ◽  
Salvacion B. Orgen ◽  
Michael R. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Copper Nanowires ◽  
Cu Nanowires ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Ag Nanowires

Highly flexible Cu nanowires were successfully synthesized by a dual-surfactant hydrothermal process using oleylamine and oleic acid. The ultra-long Cu nanowires have a mean diameter as low as 82.3 nm and lengths greater than 300 μm. It was found that reaction time and oleylamine concentration significantly influenced the morphology and phase composition of the Cu products. At a shorter reaction time (about 4 hours), pentagonal bipyramidal CU2O particles were precipitated together with the Cu nanowires. A longer reaction time of 12 hours resulted in smooth and purely metallic Cu nanowires. It is possible that CU2O served as an intermediate phase to control the activity of free CU2+ ions in the solution. On the other hand, a higher oleylamine concentration generally produced longer Cu nanowires. Cu nanowires conducting electrode with a sheet resistance of about 157.0 Ω/□ were fabricated. However, the optical transmittance of the electrode at 550 nm was very low (<20%) because of the agglomeration of the Cu nanowires. The addition of a small quantity of Ag nanowires in the Cu nanowire ink markedly improved the appearance and electrical properties of the resulting electrode.

Apatite-Forming Ability of Titanium Metal Enriched with Calcium Ion on its Surface

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 581-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kizuki ◽  
Takahiro Kawai ◽  
Hiroaki Takadama ◽  
Tomiharu Matsushita ◽  
Tadashi Kokubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Titanium Metal ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Ion Exchange Method ◽  
Naoh Treatment ◽  
Cacl2 Treatment

In order to study method for preparing bioactive titanium metal, calcium ions were attempted to be incorporated into the surface of the titanium metal by ion exchange method. Titanium metal was soaked in 5M NaOH solution and 100mMCaCl2 solution and subjected to heat treatment. About 5 atom% of Na was incorporated into the surface of the titanium metal by the NaOH treatment This Na was completely replaced with calcium ion by the CaCl2 treatment and maintained even after the heat treatment. Critical detaching strength of the surface layer to the substrate of NaOH-treated titanium metal was a little increased by the CaCl2 treatment and remarkably increased by the heat treatment. Apatite-forming ability of the NaOH-treated titanium metal in SBF was increased by the CaCl2 treatment, but decreased by the subsequent heat treatment.

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