Earthworm Processing of Livestock Manure and Accumulation of Heavy Metals

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 1129-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Cai Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Metal Enrichment ◽  
Heavy Metal Elements ◽  
Enrichment Techniques ◽  
Animal Feces ◽  
Strong Ability

The earthworm is an omnivorous animal low saprophytic, has a strong ability to decompose organic waste. The earthworm can directly grows on dung, consume a large amount of organic waste, numerous research reports, earthworm on heavy metal elements have very strong enrichment. Therefore, the use of earthworms as a bioreactor for animal feces, excessive heavy metals to biological concentration, reduce the content of heavy metals in animal feces, is a task that is worth to discuss. Taking the rural animal feces in the largest number, the most widely distributed of cow dung as study objects, to carry out the earthworm absorption in cow dung, Zn Pb Cu, the study of the optimum conditions for the further study of Earthworm on cattle manure, heavy metal enrichment techniques provide a basis.

scholarly journals Screening of Heavy Metal-Immobilizing Bacteria and Its Effect on Reducing Cd2+ and Pb2+ Concentrations in Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiejun Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Lunguang Yao ◽  
Yadong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Microbial Resources ◽  
Heavy Pollution ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic ◽  
Bacillus Thuringensis ◽  
Strong Ability

Microbial immobilization is considered as a novel and environmentally friendly technology that uses microbes to reduce heavy metals accumulation in plants. To explore microbial resources which are useful in these applications, three water spinach rhizosphere soils polluted by different levels of heavy metals (heavy pollution (CQ), medium pollution (JZ), and relative clean (NF)) were collected. The community composition of heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria in rhizosphere soils and its effects on reducing the Cd2+ and Pb2+ concentrations in water spinach were evaluated. Four hundred strains were isolated from the CQ (belonging to 3 phyla and 14 genera), JZ (belonging to 4 phyla and 25 genera) and NF (belonged to 6 phyla and 34 genera) samples, respectively. In the CQ sample, 137 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+, giving Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal rates of greater than 80% in solution; Brevundimonas, Serratia, and Pseudoarthrobacter were the main genera. In total, 62 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the JZ sample and Bacillus and Serratia were the main genera. A total of 22 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the NF sample, and Bacillus was the main genus. Compared to the control, Enterobacter bugandensis CQ-7, Bacillus thuringensis CQ-33, and Klebsiella michiganensis CQ-169 significantly increased the dry weight (17.16–148%) of water spinach and reduced the contents of Cd2+ (59.78–72.41%) and Pb2+ (43.36–74.21%) in water spinach. Moreover, the soluble protein and Vc contents in the shoots of water spinach were also significantly increased (72.1–193%) in the presence of strains CQ-7, CQ-33 and CQ-169 compared to the control. In addition, the contents of Cd and Pb in the shoots of water spinach meet the standard for limit of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in vegetables in the presence of strains CQ-7, CQ-33 and CQ-169. Thus, the results provide strains as resources and a theoretical basis for the remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated farmlands for the safe production of vegetables.

scholarly journals Adsorpsi Logam Timbal (Pb) dari Larutannya dengan Menggunakan Adsorben dari Tongkol Jagung

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Arista Ningsih ◽  
Irwan Said ◽  
Purnama Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Optimum Weight

Heavy metals will cause environmental problems. One of the efforts that can minimize level of heavy metal from their solutions is to reduce heavy metals content, so that safely discarded at sea/river. One such way to reduce level of heavy metals is by adsorption. Some agricultural waste are potential as an adsorbent, namely a corncob. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the optimum weight of adsorben from corncob to absorb Pb(II) from its solution. In this study, the corncob was used as an adsorbent to adsorb Pb(II) by using three methods, namely powder, charcoal and activated charcoal with a solution of HCl. The parameters tested were amount of adsorbent or weight of the powder, charcoal and activated charcoal by the weight variation of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 120 mg to determine the optimum conditions in adsorbing Pb(II). The optimum conditions are obtained for the powder was 80 mg with the absorption of 96.92%, the charcoal is 80 mg with absorption of 97.29%, and the activated charcoal was 40 mg with the absorption of 94.70%.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals Contents in Soils and Cassava Plants from Farmlands within Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
N. P. Udeh ◽  
A. C. Ikegwuonu ◽  
O. A. Okeke ◽  
C. Obudulu ◽  
K. P. Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Metal Enrichment ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Mean

Soil samples and cassava tubers collected from farmlands within Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka vicinity were analyzed for their heavy metal levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in order to assess their levels of contamination on the environment as a result of excessive fertilizers and automobile emission. Physiochemical properties of the soil samples were determined using standard methods. The soil pH had a mean value of 6.27 ± 0.07, 6.10 ± 0.06 and 6.57 ± 0.03 respectively indicating that the soils were slightly acidic to neutrality. Total organic carbon and nitrate mean values were 105.20 ± 6.20, 95.75 ± 9.57 and 94.6 ± 2.27 and 138.07 ± 12.09, 149.35 ± 14.25 and 149.20 ± 1.17 respectively showing presence of some organic matters. The mean levels of heavy metals in the soil samples were 0.01 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.03 and 0.05 ± 0.03 for lead (Pb), 0.24 ± 0.16, 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.001 ± 0.000 for cadmium (Cd) and 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.010 ± 0.006 and 0.001 ± 0.001 for chromium (Cr). These metals levels were in the abundance trend of Pb>Cd> Cr. The mean metal concentrations obtained in the cassava tubers respectively were 0.001 ± 0.001, 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.005 ± 0.005 for lead (Pb), 0.000 ± 0.000, 0.0003 ± 0.0003 and 0.000 ± 0.000 for cadmium (Cd) and 0.002 ± 0.002, 0.000 ± 0.000 and 0.002 ± 0.002 for chromium (Cr). These metals levels were in the abundance trend of Pb> Cr > Cd. For both the soil and cassava samples, there were no significant variations in the heavy metal concentrations and also in physicochemical parameter except for pH; this showed that there is low heavy metal enrichment in the soils studied. Based on the study, the following heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) falls within the Codex maximum permissible limits 0.1mg/l or ppm expect soil cadmium in science village which is above the Codex limit. The overall results showed that the farmlands (on soils and cassava tuber) appear to be free from poisoning or some metal enrichment and safe for agricultural purposes and also safe for human health and consumption.

scholarly journals Soil Heavy Metal Distribution with Depth around a Closed Landfill and Their Uptake by Datura stramonium

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Peace Makuleke ◽  
Veronica M. Ngole-Jeme
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Metal Enrichment ◽  
Soil Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Enrichment

Landfills are major sources of environmental pollution. This study evaluated heavy metal concentrations in soils and plants around the closed Lumberstewart landfill in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, to determine the pollution potential of a closed landfill and the risks they present to plants growing in this environment and surrounding communities. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–30 cm, 30–60 cm, and 60–90 cm around the landfill and at a control site and characterized for various properties and concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Zn. Samples of Datura stramonium, collected from the same sites where soil samples were collected, were also analyzed for the same heavy metals. The soils were sandy, mostly acidic (5.01 < pH < 7.65) with low organic matter content (<2%) and cation exchange capacity (<15 meq/100 g). These properties varied with depth around the landfill. Heavy metals concentrations in the soils and Datura stramonium followed the order Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd with samples from around the landfill having higher concentrations than samples from the control site. Soil heavy metal enrichment was highest at a depth of 30–60 cm. Pollution load index (PLI) values indicated that all sites around the landfill were polluted (PLI > 1). Heavy metal transfer coefficient in Datura stramonium ranged between 0.0 and 209 with <60% of the variation observed in heavy metal transfer coefficient in Datura stramonium explained by the extent of heavy metal enrichment in the soils. More than 20 years after closure of the landfill, there are indications that leachate migration may still be going on around the landfill. Monitoring of environments around closed landfills needs to be ongoing to mitigate negative impacts on humans and the environment.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens and effects on its life cycle

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Diener ◽  
C. Zurbrügg ◽  
K. Tockner
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Collection Costs

In developing countries, effective waste management strategies are constrained by high collection costs and lack of adequate treatment and disposal options. The organic fraction in particular, which accounts for more than 50% of the waste production, constitutes a great, yet mostly neglected, reuse potential. Concomitantly, the demand for alternative protein sources by the livestock feed industry is sharply increasing. A technology that effectively transforms organic waste into valuable feed is therefore a timely option. Larvae of the non-pest black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), may be used to reduce the mass of organic waste significantly. Concurrently, larval feeding converts organic waste into prepupae (last larval stage) which is high in protein. In combination with a viable market, this potential animal feed may cover the waste collection costs and thus promote innovative, small-scale entrepreneurs to establish a profitable business niche. Organic waste, however, often contains persistent pollutants, such as heavy metals, that may accumulate in the larvae and prepupae of black soldier flies and consequently in the food chain. In this study, we fed black soldier fly larvae chicken feed spiked with heavy metals (cadmium, lead and zinc at three concentrations each) to examine the extent of metal accumulation in the different life stages and the effect of heavy metal concentration in the feed on the life cycle determinants of the flies. The cadmium accumulation factor in prepupae (metal concentration in the body divided by metal concentration in the food) ranged between 2.32 and 2.94; however, the lead concentration remained well below its initial concentration in the feed. The bioaccumulation factor of zinc in prepupae decreased with increasing zinc concentration in the feed (from 0.97 to 0.39). None of the three heavy metal elements had significant effects on the life cycle determinants (prepupal weight, development time, sex ratio).

scholarly journals Assessment, Distribution and Regional Geochemical Baseline of Heavy Metals in Soils of Densely Populated Area: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2269
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Cancan Wu ◽  
Shenshen Hong ◽  
Qianqian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Geochemical Baseline ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
The North ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Elements

To understand the content, pollution, distribution and source and to establish a geochemical baseline of heavy metal elements in soil under the influence of high-density population, the concentrations of heavy metal elements Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Fe were determined in 23 soil samples in Suzhou University, and geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, principal component analysis, spatial analysis and regression analysis were completed. The results showed the following: The elements Cu and As were slightly polluted, while the other heavy metal elements were not. The elements Cd, Cu, Ni and As in soils were mainly caused by agricultural activities of chemical fertilizer, whereas the elements Zn and Hg were impacted by the chemicals and batteries. The heavy metal elements in the north were lower than in the south of the campus, as a whole. The enrichment of elements Cu, As and Cd was caused by the east–west river on the campus, and the enrichment of the elements Mn, Ni and Zn was induced by the reservoir. Biochemical experiments and vehicle parking influenced the spatial enrichment of Cr, Co and Pb, while domestic waste led to the spatial differentiation of Hg concentrations. The regression curve between heavy metal elements and Fe was established, and the background values of the heavy metals Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb are 50.90, 489.37, 11.76, 37.74, 55.70, 58.22, 20.07, 0.09, 0.08 and 24.13 mg/kg, respectively.

Heavy metal contents and mobility of artificially inundated grasslands along River Weser, Germany

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 507-514
Author(s):  
C. Erber ◽  
P. Felix-Henningsen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Metal Enrichment ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The One

At the beginning of the 20th century municipal wastewater was used to fertilize grassland in the freshwater marsh of the river Weser. In 1987, 150 ha of the marsh became part of a mitigation area with artificial inundation during winter and spring. Heavy metal input may be expected from former wastewater treatment and artificial flooding nowadays. In addition, inundation may increase the availability of heavy metals that were accumulated during municipal wastewater treatment. In order to get an idea of heavy metal content and availability, the content of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn of the soil, the vegetation, and the input due to inundation were determined. Metal enrichment in the epipedon is evident for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Total content of Pb and Zn exceed the precaution limit. Soils treated with wastewater seems to contain more heavy metals than the ones without. Inundation causes an input of metals, but it is very low and varies in a broad range. Metal input is higher by atmospheric deposition than the one due to inundation. Degree of enrichment can be arranged in the order: atmospheric deposition &gt; municipal wastewater &gt;&gt; inundation. In shallow ditch soils heavy metals are becoming more available.

Heavy Metal Migration Rule in Yangshanchong Tailings of Tongling

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ying Huang ◽  
Xiao Chun Xu ◽  
Li Wei Chen ◽  
Yuan Xiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Secondary Enrichment ◽  
Tailings Reservoir ◽  
Heavy Metal Elements ◽  
Metal Migration ◽  
Local Enrichment

This study investigated the Yangshanchong tailings reservoir to determine the migration of heavy metals in mine tailings. By paralleling to tailings discharge direction, we set 4 sampling profiles, open channel excavation sampling. The results showed that the transfer rates of Cu, As, Hg, Cd, and Pb are relatively fast, while that of Zn is slower. Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn secondary enrichment appear at 40~80cm. There are some discrepancies in the heavy metal migration characteristics in different places. At the highest part of the tailings reservoir, heavy metal element's content is higher than the other sampling points, heavy metals leaching quantity is small, while in the low-lying areas, Zn, Cu and Cd form a local enrichment in the surface, and also part of heavy metal elements secondary enrichment in less than 100 cm shallow tailings. Surface grass planting can cause some elements to enrich, which might hinder the rehabilitation in the tailings reservoir.

scholarly journals BIOSINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK BUAH Passiflora flavicarva (MARKISA) UNTUK MENDETEKSI LOGAM BERAT

Alotrop ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Maryani ◽  
M. Lutfi Firdaus ◽  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Minimum Concentration

The aim of this research was to synthesize silver nanoparticle (NPP) by using Passiflora flavicarva (Markisa) fruit extract as detector of heavy metal. The NPP particles produced were determined by their optimum condition on the ratio of the volume of  Passiflora flavicarva passion fruit extract to AgNO3 and the reaction time. The silver nanoparticles produced under optimum conditions will be tested for selectivity against several metals that are often present in the environment, once the selective metal is known then it can be sensitized to the metal using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the minimal concentrations that can be detected by the silver nanoparticles Formed. The results showed that Passiflora flavicarva passion fruit extracts could be used for the biosynthesis of  NPP particles because they contain vitamin C and flavonoids capable of reducing Ag+ to Ag0 in the form of NPP. The optimal conditions for forming NPP particles are in the 1: 2 ratio with a 2 hour reaction time. From the results of selectivity test of NPP to some heavy metals that often exist in environment, it is known that NPP selective to mercury metal. It was found that selective mercury was followed by a sensitivity test with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, with sensitive NPP  up to a concentration of 6.7 ppm. From the results of this study it can be concluded that NPP particles formed can be used to detect mercury metal up to a minimum concentration of 6.7 ppm.

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