Study on the Dynamic Inspection for Decreasing the Losses and Costs Caused by Accidents of Fixed Equipment in Petrochemical Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1511-1525
Author(s):  
Guang Pei Cong ◽  
Jin Ji Gao ◽  
Bing Hou ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Bao Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Equipment Safety ◽  
Inspection Strategy ◽  
Soft Measurement ◽  
Stress Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The risk- and condition-based dynamic inspection proposed to decrease losses and costs caused by accidents which is not only a decision-making and optimal method for inspection strategies, but is also a soft measurement system for fixed equipment safety status. In the risk- and condition-based dynamic inspection method, data collection is standardized to decrease the impact of personal factors on the data. Moreover, a procedure in which experts approve the data collected from plants is supplemented to amend error and supplement omission of data in time. A relevant inspection strategy is adopted based on the different damage types and its initiation and growth for the aspect of inspection decision-making. In the meantime, the cost-risk efficiency of the inspection is regarded as an objective function to optimize inspection strategies according to the risk status of equipment. Finally, a model is established to assess the frequency of in-service inspection and ensure equipment safety during the end of equipment life based on the fitted linear relationship between the corrosion rate and stress energy.

scholarly journals Impact of 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy on Clinical Decision-Making in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 3812-3820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipti Rao ◽  
Anouk van Berkel ◽  
Ianthe Piscaer ◽  
William F Young ◽  
Lucinda Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mibg Scintigraphy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Cross-sectional imaging with CT or MRI is regarded as a first-choice modality for tumor localization in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). 123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) is widely used for functional imaging but the added diagnostic value is controversial. Objective To establish the virtual impact of adding 123I-MIBG scintigraphy to CT or MRI on diagnosis and treatment of PPGL. Design International multicenter retrospective study. Intervention None. Patients Two hundred thirty-six unilateral adrenal, 18 bilateral adrenal, 48 unifocal extra-adrenal, 12 multifocal, and 26 metastatic PPGL. Main Outcome Measures Patients underwent both anatomical imaging (CT and/or MRI) and 123I-MIBG scintigraphy. Local imaging reports were analyzed centrally by two independent observers who were blinded to the diagnosis. Imaging-based diagnoses determined by CT/MRI only, 123I-MIBG only, and CT/MRI combined with 123I-MIBG scintigraphy were compared with the correct diagnoses. Results The rates of correct imaging-based diagnoses determined by CT/MRI only versus CT/MRI plus 123I-MIBG scintigraphy were similar: 89.4 versus 88.8%, respectively (P = 0.50). Adding 123I-MIBG scintigraphy to CT/MRI resulted in a correct change in the imaging-based diagnosis and ensuing virtual treatment in four cases (1.2%: two metastatic instead of nonmetastatic, one multifocal instead of single, one unilateral instead of bilateral adrenal) at the cost of an incorrect change in seven cases (2.1%: four metastatic instead of nonmetastatic, two multifocal instead of unifocal and one bilateral instead of unilateral adrenal). Conclusions For the initial localization of PPGL, the addition of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy to CT/MRI rarely improves the diagnostic accuracy at the cost of incorrect interpretation in others, even when 123I-MIBG scintigraphy is restricted to patients who are at risk for metastatic disease. In this setting, the impact of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy on clinical decision-making appears very limited.

scholarly journals A modeled radiological dispersive device release and the impact to decision-making in an urban environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-322
Author(s):  
Paulo Oliveira ◽  
Ubiratan Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Stenders ◽  
Ademir Silva ◽  
Helio Vital ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Stability Class ◽  
Radiological Dispersion Device ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

A radiological dispersion device is a weapon that combines radioactive material with conventional explosives for spreading radioactive material across an inhabited area. This study is focused on evaluating key parameters in an radiological dispersion device scenario. The calculations were performed to include two different situations: by using explosives and by simple mechanical release. Simulations were conducted with the use of the HotSpot Health Physics Codes. The results suggest the existence of significant correlations between stability classes in scenarios where they evolve with time, producing alternations between them. As long as the stability class remains constant, this latter finding offers the possibility of creating a suitable response, based on temporal evolutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to: estimate the size of the potentially affected population, estimate absorbed doses, and estimate the cost-effectiveness in order to help initial responses by providing time-sensitive information about the event. A methodology capable of providing useful information allows prompt decisions and initial assessments of future risks to be made efficiently. This approach can also provide a training environment for the personnel responsible for the decision-making at an early stage of the response.

scholarly journals Vibration Edge Computing in Maritime IoT

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Anna Lito Michala ◽  
Ioannis Vourganas ◽  
Andrea Coraddu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Data Volume ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

IoT and the Cloud are among the most disruptive changes in the way we use data today. These changes have not significantly influenced practices in condition monitoring for shipping. This is partly due to the cost of continuous data transmission. Several vessels are already equipped with a network of sensors. However, continuous monitoring is often not utilised and onshore visibility is obscured. Edge computing is a promising solution but there is a challenge sustaining the required accuracy for predictive maintenance. We investigate the use of IoT systems and Edge computing, evaluating the impact of the proposed solution on the decision making process. Data from a sensor and the NASA-IMS open repository were used to show the effectiveness of the proposed system and to evaluate it in a realistic maritime application. The results demonstrate our real-time dynamic intelligent reduction of transmitted data volume by without sacrificing specificity or sensitivity in decision making. The output of the Decision Support System fully corresponds to the monitored system's actual operating condition and the output when the raw data are used instead. The results demonstrate that the proposed more efficient approach is just as effective for the decision making process.

scholarly journals The Low-Carbon Supply Chain Coordination Problem with Consumers’ Low-Carbon Preference

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yuxiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Supply Chain Coordination ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Emission Abatement ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we study the supply chain coordination problem between a manufacturer and a retailer regarding consumers’ low-carbon preferences. The retailer considers the market demand to determine the order quantity; the manufacturer chooses how to reduce emissions according to the retailer’s order quantity. We consider four cases, including the non-emission abatement, the emission abatement of decentralized decision-making, the centralized decision-making and the retailer providing a cost-sharing contract. By comparing the four cases, we find that the case of a retailer providing a cost-sharing contract can coordinate the supply chain, achieving a Pareto improvement for the manufacturer and retailer. In addition, we use the Rubinstein bargaining model to determine the cost-sharing ratio. Finally, numerical simulations are given to analyze the impact of the cost-sharing ratio on the equilibrium results, including the profit and the emission abatement level. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the cost-sharing ratio and consumers’ low-carbon awareness on the profits of the members in the supply chain. We find that the equilibrium results, including the order quantity, the emission abatement level and the profits of the members in the supply chain under contract, are higher than the ones under centralized decision-making. The results show that in the higher low-carbon awareness market, retailers should formulate a reasonable cost-sharing ratio to achieve emission reduction coordination.

scholarly journals Student Participation in University Governance

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Bing Zuo ◽  
Eugene W. Ratsoy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Student Participation ◽  
University Governance ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Student Government ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

This study investigated the scope, process, and effects of student participation in university governance, including student government. The study demonstrated that students are capable of administering their own affairs, satisfying various student needs, and protecting the political interests of students. Students were extensively involved in university academic and administrative decision-making at different levels. However, student associations as organized forces had much greater influence than did students at large. Both environmental and personal factors affected the impact of student participation in university governance. Although student participation in university governance is deemed indispensable, student participants must hone their group decision-making skills and demonstrate commitment to the mission of the university and its long-term interests.

The making of an imperial slum: Nyasaland and its railways, 1895–1935

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy Vail
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Railway System ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Project

This paper is meant to be a contribution towards assessing the impact of the colonial experience upon Nyasaland, concentrating upon the decision-making processes involved in building the railways that served Nyasaland and the impact that they had upon Nyasaland's economy. In the early 1890s British metropolitan interests became alive to the strategic and commercial importance of Portuguese East Africa south of the Zambezi. To further British interests in the area, imperial decisions were taken to protect the British proxy there, the Mozambique Company. This protection included support for the Trans Zambesia Railway project. This support was calculated to protect British interests from American commercial threats, but the cost of the railway was placed upon the Nyasaland administration. Lumbered with the burden of the railway guarantees, Nyasaland's economy stagnated in the 1920s and African agricultural development was impeded. As a result, by the end of the twenties Nyasaland was being described as ‘the Cinderella of Africa’.In the late 1920s a second major project was approved. This was the construction of the Zambezi bridge. Again, the decision to build this was not taken with the interests of Nyasaland in mind, but rather in order to provide steel orders for a stagnating British steel industry in 1929. The one possible moneymaker for the bridge and railway system, coal from Moatize, was prevented from being developed lest it compete with Welsh coal. And when the decision to build the bridge was made, it was decided that Nyasaland should pay.

scholarly journals Revocation of a Banking License as an Instrument for Regulating Merger and Acquisition Transactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8881-8884
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Merger And Acquisition ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Earnings Per Share ◽  
State Participation ◽  
License Revocation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the dynamics of the indicators of the merger and acquisition market in the banking sector, as well as the indicator of revocation of banking licenses. The analysis has shown the outperformance of bank decrease in relation to bank acquisition over the same period, which indicates a significant impact of license revocation on the merger and acquisition market. The article assesses the impact of the merger and acquisition market on the structure of proportional regulation in favor of banks with universal licenses. An increase in the concentration of capital is observed, especially in banks with state participation. The article investigates the methods of calculating the cost of mergers and acquisitions. The authors propose to add two more factors to the already known factors of change in earnings per share due to mergers and acquisitions: the type of license revoked by the regulator as a result of the rehabilitation and goodwill, which should be considered in the merger cost using additional coefficients. This will allow the merger cost to be more accurately determined and provide the investor with additional information for decision-making.

scholarly journals Legal status of thinking in virtual space

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Andrej Aryamov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the authors based on the basic provisions of cognitive psychology and the General theory of risky decision-making (risk management section) investigated the specifics of the influence of the modern digital environment on the psychology of thinking of a person acting in a risky situation. The main parameters of the impact of digital technology on perception of information, its selection, memory, goal setting will and emotions of the human mind (not only personal but also collective); and also the limits of the impact of digital technology on decision-making person. The author studies the specifics of the influence of personal factors on the process of generating a strong-willed decision, the risks associated with this circumstance, and the potential of digital resources tools in terms of minimizing negative consequences and hedging such risks.

scholarly journals Are Founders More Socially Responsible? —An Empirical Research on Private Listed Companies in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Xiaofei ◽  
Zhou Xiaoyu ◽  
Geng Lisha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Private Enterprises ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Management Roles ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Personal factors such as the founder's values and psychological characteristics will influence founder's vision, his perception and interpretation of the decision-making environment, and his strategic choice and decision-making. Based on the theory of entrepreneurial characteristics, combined with the founder's unique psychological characteristics, this paper takes Chinese private listed companies between 2010 and 2018 as a research sample to study the effect of the founder of private enterprises on corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, this study analyzes the impact of different management roles of the founder on corporate social responsibility. We demonstrate that the private enterprises have better social responsibility performance when there are founders; the founders have different management roles, and their corporate social responsibility performance has certain differences, and the higher the management level of the founders, the better the corporate social responsibility performance. This paper studies the issue of corporate social responsibility from the perspective of the characteristics of founders, which expands the current framework of corporate social responsibility research and provides an empirical basis for founders to effectively participate in corporate management in practice.

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