Flow Field of a Model Gas Turbine Swirl Burner

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1119-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Tung Chong ◽  
Simone Hochgreb
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Swirl Burner ◽  
Swirling Air Flow

The flow field of a lab-scale model gas turbine swirl burner was characterised using particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) at atmospheric condition. The swirl burner consists of an axial swirler, a twin-fluid atomizer and a quartz tube as combustor wall. The main non-reacting swirling air flow without spray was compared to swirl flow with spray under unconfined and enclosed conditions. The introduction of liquid fuel spray changes the flow field of the main swirling air flow at the burner outlet where the radial velocity components are enhanced. Under reacting conditions, the enclosure generates a corner recirculation zone that intensifies the strength of the radial velocity. Comparison of the flow fields with a spray flame using diesel and palm biodiesel shows very similar flow fields. The flow field data can be used as validation target for swirl flame modelling.

Reaction Zone Characterization in a Gas Turbine Model Validation Combustor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton R. Bedick ◽  
Nathan T. Weiland ◽  
Peter A. Strakey
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Flame Surface ◽  
Swirl Burner ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Global Emissions ◽  
Swirling Air Flow

The Enclosed Sydney Swirl Burner (ESSB), a half-scale version of the Sydney Swirl Burner coupled to an optically accessible combustion chamber, was recently constructed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory for the purpose of generating global emissions and model validation data in a configuration relevant to industrial and gas turbine combustion. The ESSB is capable of diffusion flame combustion of CH4/H2/inert fuel mixtures in highly swirling air flow over a bluff body, and can produce a wide variety of flame types and structures for study. Based on stability characteristics and global emissions data, three flames were chosen for reaction zone characterization: a non-swirling 1:1 H2:CH4 flame, a high-swirl 1:1 H2:CH4 flame, and a lifted, V-shaped flame of CH4 with a swirling air flow. Reaction zone characterization is performed via planar OH-PLIF measurements taken at multiple locations within the square cross-section of the ESSB. Mean flame surface locations are described, and maps of flame front probabilities are generated for each of the flames. Measurements indicate quenching in the high strain region in the neck above the bluff body for the non-swirling flame, wall-quenching for the swirling flames, and OH production below the lifted flame that helps sustain the reaction zone. The OH-PLIF data, as well as global emissions and thermal boundary condition measurements for these flames, are freely available for model validation purposes.

Simulation of Indoor Air Flow Fields in Buildings With Large Interior Spaces With Stratified Air Conditioning and Perforated Side Wall Diffusers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wei ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Indoor Air Flow

The energy consumption of AC (air conditioning) systems in large buildings is normally higher than the energy consumption in smaller buildings, and its indoor air flow field is also more complex than that in small building. To study the air flow mode and the indoor air flow fields in large spaces is of great significance to the energy conservation of AC systems and thermal comfort of the occupants. This paper presents an example using a large building that uses stratified air conditioning delivered through the linear slot sidewall diffusers and perforated sidewall diffusers. Using CFD simulation methods, three air flow field situations were simulated: (1) total air volume supplied from linear slot diffusers located in the middle of a side wall, (2) 50% flow through the linear slot diffusers the remainder supplied through the perforated sidewall diffusers, (3) 30% of the volume supplied with linear slot diffusers, 70% supplied through the perforated sidewall diffusers. The simulated results show that the third airflow mode is the optimal one for the three modes, which is good for achieving energy conservation and a comfortable building thermal environment in buildings with large spacial areas.

Numerical Simulation of Cold Swirl Field for Solid Fuel Ramjet with NACA Airfoil

2014 ◽  
Vol 716-717 ◽  
pp. 711-716
Author(s):  
Jie Yu ◽  
Xiong Chen ◽  
Hong Wen Li
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Total Pressure Loss ◽  
Swirl Number

In order to study the swirl flow characteristics in the solid fuel ramjet chamber, a new type of annular vane swirler with NACA airfoil is designed. The cold swirl flow field in the chamber is numerically simulated with different camber and t attack angle, while the swirl number , swirl flow field structure, total pressure recovery coefficient were studied. According to numerical simulation result, the main factors in swirl number are camber and angle of attack, the greater angle of attack, the greater the camber ,the stronger swirl will be. Results show that the total pressure loss is mainly concentrated in the inlet section, the total pressure loss cause by vane swirler is small. Radial velocity gradient exists in swirling flow, and increases with the swirl number. With the influence of centrifugal force and combustion chamber structure, the radial velocity gradient increases.

Enhanced Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling and Laser Doppler Anemometer Measurements for the Air-Flow in an Aero-engine Front Bearing Chamber—Part I

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aidarinis ◽  
A. Goulas
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Laser Doppler Anemometer ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Type I ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Lubrication Oil

Modern aero-engine development requires also a gradual increase in the overall effectiveness of lubrication systems. This particularly applies to bearing chambers where a complex two-phase flow is formed by the interaction of the sealing air and the lubrication oil. It is important to increase the level of understanding of the flow field inside the bearing chamber and to develop engineering tools in order to optimize its design and improve its performance. To achieve this, an experimental and a computational study of the whole front bearing chamber were carried out for a range of shaft rotational speeds and sealing air mass flow. The experimental measurements of the air velocity inside the chamber were carried out using a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) in two-phase air/oil-flow conditions. The experimental facility is a 1:1 scale model of the front bearing chamber of an aero-engine. Computational 3D modeling of the bearing chamber was performed. The bearing gap and the presence of lubrication oil were modeled as an anisotropic porous medium with functions relating the pressure loss of the air coming through the gap and the tangential component of velocity of the air exiting the gap of the ball bearing with the air-flow rate through the gap and the rotational speed of the shaft. The methodology to obtain the above mentioned functions and the results of the detailed study are given (Aidarinis, J., and Goulas, A., 2014, “Enhanced CFD Modeling and LDA Measurements for the Air-Flow in an Aero Engine Front Bearing Chamber: Part II,” ASME Paper No. GT2014-26062). The enhanced computational model of the chamber implementing the law of pressure drop of the “lubricated” bearing and the function of modeling the tangential velocity of the air exiting the bearing was used to calculate the flow field for the full range of the measurements. A limiting curve dividing the operational map of the bearing chamber into two areas was predicted. Large vortical and swirling structures dominate the flow and they vary in size according to the position of the operation point relative to the limiting curve. Operation above the limiting curve leads to flow classified as type I with air going through the ball bearing while for operation below the limiting curve line the flow is classified as type II, there is no air-flow through the bearing gap.

Behavior of Unconfined Swirling Flames Under Fuel-Lean Conditions Using Particle Image Velocimetry

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Archer ◽  
A. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Swirl Burner ◽  
Swirl Number ◽  
Outer Flow ◽  
Lean Direct Injection

The effect of swirl and combustion are presented to determine the flow dynamics of a fuel-lean direct injection (LDI) configuration under unconfined non-burning and combustion conditions. Specifically, the effect of radial distribution of combustion air swirl in a burner is examined under non-burning and burning conditions using propane as the fuel. The study explores the swirl flow interaction with the use of an experimental double concentric swirl burner that simulates one swirl cup of a practical gas turbine combustor. Three-dimensional (3-D) flowfield data has been obtained immediately downstream of a double concentric swirl burner exit using PIV, to determine the flow dynamics associated with the flow under fuel-lean direct injection (LDI) conditions. Propane fuel was injected radially into the surrounding swirl flow. Flow characteristics of the resulting flowfield, both without and with combustion have been obtained for co- and counter-swirl distributions to the combustion air flow under unconfined environment. Flat vane swirlers have been used to induce swirl to the air flow. Both combustion and swirl distribution significantly influences the resulting flowfield. The 3-D data also allows one to determine the local swirl number of the resulting flow. Results show that swirl distribution in the burner and combustion has significant effect on the characteristics of the internal and external recirculation zones. The heat release from combustion enhanced the inner recirculation zone by increasing its width and length. Combustion increased the magnitude of the vorticity and provided enhanced symmetry to the flowfields. The calculated local swirl number differs under non-burning and combustion cases. They also differ from that estimated using available geometrical relationships that are derived from the swirl vane angle and swirler dimensions only. Combustion enhanced significant increase in velocity magnitudes than that for the no combustion conditions. The entrained mass flowrate is larger for the co-swirl distribution cases and this entrainment is further enhanced with combustion. The results provide the role of radial swirl distribution and combustion on the mean and turbulence characteristics of flows for two varying shear conditions between the inner and outer flow of the burner, thus providing insightful information on the flow dynamics in complex swirl flowfields in addition to providing data for model validation and model development.

On Effect of the Flare Angle on the Behaviour of the Flow Field of Twin-Radial Swirlers/High Shear Injector

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Kumar ◽  
Swetaprovo Chaudhuri ◽  
Saptarshi Basu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Recirculation Zone ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Flow Topology ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The swirl flow in gas turbine combustor plays a major role in flame stabilisation and performance of engine. Since the swirl flow is very complex and boundary sensitive phenomena, it is difficult to interpret it properly. High shear injector is being used now a days in modern gas turbine combustor to generate the swirl flow and achieve better fuel atomisation in the combustion chamber. High shear injector accommodates a series of swirlers (primary and secondary) with a diverging flare at the exit and fuel nozzle mounted at the centre of the swirler. In the present study it is tried to understand the influence of the flare angle on the non-reactive flow behaviour of the swirling spray flow-field generated through counter-rotating high shear injector. To perceive the influence of flare angle on the flow topology of the spray flow-field generated by a high shear injector, seven different flare half angles (β): 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65° and 70° respectively were selected as a geometrical parameter to conduct the experiments. High-Speed Particle Image Velocimetry (HSPIV) technique was employed to perceive the topological structure of the spray flow field, mean and instantaneous behaviour of the velocity fields respectively. For all the cases mass flow of air and liquid (water) were kept constant. It was observed that with change in flare angle the size of the CTRZ, mean velocity and turbulent behaviour were also changing. Here the size of CTRZ is represented in terms of nondimensional radial width (W/Df) and height (H/Df) of the recirculation zone. The experiment was conducted without flare, initially and then subsequently with flares. It was found that both the radial width and the height of the recirculation zone were smallest for without flare case. With increase in flare angle the radial width and height of the CTRZ increases initially up to 60° flare angle and afterward decreased. The experiments made clear that flare angle has strong effect on the spray flow-field.

scholarly journals Development of Flow Fields for Zinc Slurry Air Flow Batteries

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Nak Choi ◽  
Diego del Olmo ◽  
Peter Fischer ◽  
Karsten Pinkwart ◽  
Jens Tübke
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Discharge Power ◽  
Plate Material ◽  
Viscous Liquids ◽  
Serpentine Flow Field ◽  
Flow Batteries

The flow field design and material composition of the electrode plays an important role in the performance of redox flow batteries, especially when using highly viscous liquids. To enhance the discharge power density of zinc slurry air flow batteries, an optimum slurry distribution in the cell is key. Hence, several types of flow fields (serpentine, parallel, plastic flow frames) were tested in this study to improve the discharge power density of the battery. The serpentine flow field delivered a power density of 55 mW∙cm−2, while parallel and flow frame resulted in 30 mW∙cm−2 and 10 mW∙cm−2, respectively. Moreover, when the anode bipolar plate material was changed from graphite to copper, the power density of the flow frame increased to 65 mW∙cm−2, and further improvement was attained when the bipolar plate material was further changed to copper–nickel. These results show the potential to increase the power density of slurry-based flow batteries by flow field optimization and design of bipolar plate materials.

scholarly journals Experimental and 3D CFD Investigation in a Gas Turbine Exhaust System

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijay K. Sultanian ◽  
Shinichiro Nagao ◽  
Taro Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Laser Doppler Velocimeter ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Full Speed ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

Both experimental and 3D CFD investigations are carried out in a scale model of an industrial gas turbine exhaust system to better understand its complex flow field and to validate CFD prediction capabilities for improved design applications. The model consists of an annular diffuser passage with struts, followed by turning vanes and a rectangular plenum with side exhaust. Precise measurements of total/static pressure and flow velocity distributions at the model inlet, strut outlet and model outlet are made using aerodynamic probes and locally a Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV). Numerical analyses of the model internal flow field are performed utilizing a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes (N-S) calculation method with the industry standard k-ε turbulence model. Both the experiments and computations are carried out for three load conditions: full speed no load (FSNL), full speed mid load (FSML, 57% load), and full speed full load (FSFL). Based on the overall comparison between the measurements and CFD predictions, this study concludes that the applied N-S method is capable of predicting complicated gas turbine exhaust system flows for design applications.

Numerical Study of Unsteady Flow-Field and Flame Dynamics in a Gas Turbine Model Combustor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moresh J. Wankhede ◽  
Ferry A. Tap ◽  
Philipp Schapotschnikow ◽  
Wilhelmus J. S. Ramaekers
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Detached Eddy Simulation ◽  
Flame Dynamics ◽  
Flamelet Generated Manifold ◽  
Turbine Model

In swirl-stabilized gas turbine combustors, interaction between unsteady flow-field and flame dynamics play a key role in driving several types of combustion instabilities, establishing flame location and its structure and influencing heat release rates. This is challenging to understand and computationally expensive to resolve in detail. In this study, a highly turbulent and swirling flow-flame dynamics in a gas turbine model combustor is characterized numerically using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) and detached eddy simulation (DES) based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. From flame representation point of view, the Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) method is used to reduce combustion chemistry (which still includes detailed reaction kinetics and species diffusion in reaction layers) and hence computational requirements. The helical precessing vortex core (PVC) instability and its influence on downstream flow/flame dynamics is captured. Further insight is gained into URANS and DES methods capabilities in simulating various coherent swirl flow structures such as central toroidal recirculation zone (CTRZ) and outer recirculation zones (ORZ) as well as fuel-air mixing patterns. NOx emission, which is currently a high-priority design objective due to stringent pollutant regulations, is also computed. The results show that the numerically captured swirling flow-flame dynamics is in accordance with the experimental observations and measurements.

In-Situ Measurement of 3-Dimensional Fluid Flow and Temperature in a Geometrically Complex Duct for Characterization of Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Inlet Air Compressor Bleed Heat Systems

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Daigle ◽  
Thomas P. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Air Compressor ◽  
Flow Field Characteristics

As demands for increased operational flexibility are placed on heavy-duty gas turbines, the usage of inlet air compressor bleed heating devices has been expanded to increase the emissions-compliant operating envelope. To ensure that these devices maintain acceptable flow-field characteristics at the compressor face, a method to accurately determine the flow field characteristics at the compressor face is required. In the past, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis has been used to predict flow field characteristics at the compressor face. As a means by which to make a comparison between analytical predictions and empirically determined characteristics, a scale model direct measurement arrangement was devised and tested. Given the high flow speed and complex geometry in the vicinity of the compressor face, accurate in-situ measurement of the flow profile presents many challenges. The measurement arrangement must provide sufficient data density such that flow-field gradients are fully captured, while simultaneously maintaining a minimum level of obstruction attributable to the sensors. One of the end goals is to ensure that the measured flow is representative of the system in its final configuration. Measurement systems of sufficiently small size to minimally influence the flow, but of sufficiently high accuracy must be employed. Advances in the design and usage of a measurement system to empirically determine the flow field characteristics in the inlet air system of a heavy-duty industrial gas turbine are presented. This system was used to characterize a number of competing inlet air compressor bleed heating systems. The results of this characterization are compared qualitatively and quantitatively, with a specific focus on the technology of the measurement system and measurement techniques.

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