Research and Design of Small Displacement LPG Motorcycle Pressure Reducer

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Cun Xia Li ◽  
Rui Hai Ji ◽  
Yang Tuo
Keyword(s):  
Simple Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Function ◽  
Research And Design

In the analysis, comparison LPG motorcycles and on the basis of the similarities and differences of LPG vehicles, LPG motorcycle liquid positive-pressure fuel system, Which simplifies the structure of the vacuum evaporator; two decompression Design, to ensure a vacuum evaporatordecompression and regulator role; to install the solenoid valve at the exit of sewage outlets and to consider the installation directions, so that the structure and function of the vacuum evaporator to be optimized; matching tests show that the vacuum evaporator simple structure, reliable performanceto meet national standards.

Research and Design of Small-Engine LPG Motorcycle Fuel System

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Rui Hai Ji ◽  
Ming De Duan ◽  
Cun Xia Li ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Research And Design

By the analysis and comparison of LPG motorcycle and LPG automobile, the similarities and differences of them are expounded. Based on the components and structure of LPG automobile fuel system, the LPG motorcycle gas phase positive pressure fuel system and LPG motorcycle liquid phase positive pressure fuel system are designed, and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and compared. The engine cylinder cover is enhanced and setted maze channels, so the liquid state LPG can be pre-heated using the remaind head of engine before enter the decompressor, the frozen of decompressor is solved effectively. The road trial and testing show that the LPG motorcycle liquid positive pressure fuel system is simple in structure, stabilize and reliable, the comprehensive performance can satisfied the demand of national standard.

The evolution of air-breathing respiratory faculties in craniotes

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-191
Author(s):  
Steven F. Perry ◽  
Markus Lambertz ◽  
Anke Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Body Wall Muscle ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Body Wall Musculature ◽  
And Function

The origin of lungs from a swim bladder, swim bladder from lungs, or both from a relatively undifferentiated respiratory pharynx remains unresolved. Once present, the lungs can be ventilated by a positive-pressure buccal pump, which can be easily derived from the gill ventilation sequence in a lungfish, or by negative-pressure aspiration. Although aspiration breathing is characteristic of amniotes, it has also been observed in a lungfish and body wall muscle contraction in response to respiratory stimuli has even been reported in lamprey larvae. The hypaxial body wall musculature used for aspiration breathing is also necessary for locomotion in most amniotes, just when respiratory demand is greatest. This paradox, called Carrier’s constraint, is a major limiting factor in the evolution of high-performance faculties, and the evolution of anatomical and physiological specializations that circumvent it characterize most major amniote groups. Serendipitous combinations have resulted in evolutionary cascades and high-performance groups such as birds and mammals. Complementing evolution are the capacities for acclimatization and adaptation not only in the structure and function of the gas exchanger, but also in the control of breathing and the composition of the blood.

scholarly journals Morphological reassessment of the movable calcar of delphacid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Markevich ◽  
Marcin Walczak ◽  
Oleg Borodin ◽  
Jacek Szwedo ◽  
Jolanta Brożek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Function

AbstractThis study presents the morphology of calcar in adult Delphacidae based on representatives of the genera Ugyops Guérin-Meneville, 1834, Notuchus Fennah, 1969 (Ugyopini), Asiraca Latreille, 1798 (Asiracini), Kelisia Fieber, 1866, (Kelisini), Stenocranus Fieber, 1866 (Stenocranini), Chloriona Fieber, 1866, Megadelphax Wagner, 1963, Muellerianella Wagner, 1963, Javesella Fennah, 1963, Conomelus Fieber, 1866, Euconomelus Haupt, 1929, Hyledelphax Vilbaste, 1968, Stiroma Fieber, 1866, Struebingianella Wagner, 1963 and Xanthodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Delphacini). We used SEM electron microscopy, to define seven types of calcar structure (Types 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) based on combinations of characters including shape, number of teeth and differentiation of sensory structures in species from fifteen genera. Additionally, two other types (Types 3 and 4) were determined based on the calcar descriptions from previous studies. Similarities and differences in calcar structure and function were discussed and emerging relationships between planthopper species and their particular habitats were indicated.

scholarly journals Platelets and platelet extracellular vesicles in hemostasis and sepsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth W J Kerris ◽  
Claire Hoptay ◽  
Thais Calderon ◽  
Robert J Freishtat
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cell Fragments

Platelets, cell fragments traditionally thought of as important only for hemostasis, substantially and dynamically contribute to the immune system’s response to infection. In addition, there is increasing evidence that externally active platelet entities, including platelet granules and platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs), play a role not only in hemostasis, but also in inflammatory actions previously ascribed to platelets themselves. Given the functions of platelets and PEVs during inflammation and infection, their role in sepsis is being investigated. Sepsis is a condition marked by the dysregulation of the body’s normal activation of the immune system in response to a pathogen. The mechanisms for controlling infection locally become detrimental to the host if they are applied systemically. Similar to cells traditionally ascribed to the immune system, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages, platelets are instrumental in helping a host clear an infection, but are also implicated in the uncontrolled amplification of the immune response that leads to sepsis. Clearly, the function of platelets is more complicated than its simple structure and primary role in hemostasis initially suggest. This review provides an overview of platelet and platelet extracellular vesicle structure and function, highlighting the complex role platelets and PEVs play in the body in the context of infection and sepsis.

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences in the Central Nervous System between Different Types of Primary Glaucoma by Multimodal MRI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuyang Yao ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yingzi Pan ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Chun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background. To investigate the similarities and differences in the structure and function of the central nerve system (CNS) among normal tension glaucoma (NTG), primary open-angle glaucoma with high intraocular pressure (HTG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients. Methods. Ophthalmic examinations and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. The results of brain functional connectivity (FC) were obtained based on the resting state MRI (rs-fMRI). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to analyze structural images to obtain the volume change in the gray matter on 3D T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). Results. We found that frontal lobe FC increased in all three groups. Temporal lobe FC increased in the NTG group, while the FC of the cingulate gyrus and postcentral gyrus increased in the HTG and PACG groups by rs-fMRI. There were no gray matter volume changes in the NTG, while the gray matter of the frontal gyrus changed in the HTG and PACG. Moreover, the gray matter of the precentral gyrus changed in PACG, and the parietal lobe and supra marginal lobe changed in the HTG. The white matter of the inferior parietal lobe and postcentral gyrus increased, while that in the inferior temporal lobe decreased in the NTG group. The white matter in the HTG and PACG groups showed significant alterations in the medial occipital gyrus. Conclusions. The NTG group had different manifestations compared with the HTG and PACG groups regarding changes in brain structure and function, suggesting that pathogenic processes might differ between patients with normal-tension and high-tension POAG.

scholarly journals A potent tumour-suppressor TCF11, than its prototypic Nrf1α, is defined by similar yet different regulatory profiles of both isoforms, with a striking disparity from Nrf2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yonggang Ren ◽  
Shaofan Hu ◽  
Keli Liu ◽  
Lu Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Transcriptomic Sequencing ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Function ◽  
Common Target

AbstractNrf1 and Nrf2, as two principal CNC-bZIP transcription factors, regulate similar but different targets involved in a variety of biological functions for maintaining cell homeostasis and organ integrity. Of note, the unique topobiological behavior of Nrf1 makes its functions more complicated than Nrf2, because it is allowed for alternatively transcribing and selectively splicing to yield multiple isoforms (e.g., TCF11, Nrf1α). Here, to gain a better understanding of their similarities and differences in distinct regulatory profiles, four distinct cell models for stably expressing TCF11, TCF11ΔN, Nrf1α or Nrf2 have been established by an Flp-In™ T-REx™-293 system and identified by transcriptomic sequencing. Further analysis revealed that Nrf1α and TCF11 have similar yet different regulatory profiles, though both contribute basically to positive regulation of their co-targets, which are disparate from those regulated by Nrf2. Such disparity in gene regulation by Nrf1 and Nrf2 was also corroborated by scrutinizing comprehensive functional annotation of their specific and/or common target genes. Conversely, the mutant TCF11ΔN, resulting from a deletion of the N-terminal amino acids 2-156 from TCF11, resembles Nrf2 with largely consistent structure and function. Interestingly, our further experimental evidence demonstrates that TCF11 acts as a potent tumour-repressor relative to Nrf1α, albeit both isoforms possess a congruous capability to prevent tumour growth and upregulate those genes critical for improving the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Structure and function of the fifth pair of pleopods of male Euchaeta norvegica (Copepoda: Calanoida)

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. E. Hopkins ◽  
J. Mauchline ◽  
D. S. Mclusky
Keyword(s):  
Simple Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characters ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
Secondary Sexual

The structure of the fifth pair of pleopods, modified as secondary sexual characters, in male Euchaeta norvegica is described in detail. The pleopods are biramous. The right pleopod, of relatively simple structure, is used solely to grasp the urosome of the female during transfer and placement of the spermatophore. The left pleopod is complex in form and is used to grasp the spermatophore as it is extruded from the ductus ejaculatorius. The method of grasping the spermatophore is described. The optimal mating position is deduced from the structure and functioning of the pleopods.

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