An Improved Ad Hoc Network Communication Based on Cluster

2013 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhai ◽  
Xing Wei ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Liao Yuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Gateway Node ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Hoc Networks

In order to tackle the data transmission bottlenecks of the gateway node in clustering Ad hoc Networks, the paper proposes a communication method. Firstly, DMAC (Distributed and Mobility-Adaptive Clustering) algorithm and Omni-directional antenna is well introduced and discussed. Then the ICMMDA (The Inter-cluster Communication Method based on Directional Antennas) policy building virtual channels between two hops away cluster-head and using directional antenna is brought about. Lastly, the simulation shows that the method can reduce the end-to-end delay between two clusters and improve the network throughput.

Designing an Energy Efficient Scheme in MANET using Reconfigurable Directional (RDA) Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Rinkle Chhabra ◽  
Anuradha Saini
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Efficient Scheme ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
Insight Into

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) are autonomous, infrastructure less and self-configuring networks. MANETs has gained lots of popularity due to on the fly deployment i.e. small network setup time and ability to provide communication in obstreperous terrains. Major challenges in MANETs include routing, energy efficiency, network topology control, security etc. Primary focus in this article is to provide method and algorithm to ensure significant energy savings using re-configurable directional antennas. Significant energy gains can be clinched using directional antenna. Key challenges while using directional antenna are to find destination location, antenna focusing, signal power and distance calculations. Re-configurable directional antenna can ensure significant energy gains if used intelligently. This article provides a brief insight into improved energy savings using re-configurable directional antennas and an associated algorithm

scholarly journals Quality Based Clustering of Node using Fuzzy-Fruit Fly Optimization for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection in Healthcare Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rahul ◽  
B Kaarthick
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Fly Optimization ◽  
Gateway Selection ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Abstract Big data recently has gained tremendous importance in the way information is being disseminated. Transaction based data, unstructured data streaming to and fro from social media, increasing amounts of sensor and machine-to-machine data and many such examples rely on big data in conjunction with cloud computing. It is desirable to create wireless networks on-the-fly as per the demand or a given situation. In such a scenario reliable transmission of big data over mobile Ad-Hoc networks plays a key role in military healthcare applications. Limitations like congestion, Delay, Energy Consumption and Packet Loss Rate constraint pose a challenge for such systems. The most essential problem of Hybrid Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (H-MANET) is to select a suitable and secure path that balances the load through the Internet gateways. Also, the selection of gateway and overload through the network may cause packet losses and Delay (DL). Therefore, load-balancing between different gateways is required for achieving better performance. As a result, steady load balancing technique was employed that selects the gateways based on the Fuzzy Logic (FL) system and enhances the network efficiency. However, the Energy Consumption (EC) was high since gateways were selected directly from the number of nodes. Hence in this article, a novel Node Quality-based Clustering Algorithm (NQCA) using Fuzzy-Genetic for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection (FGCHGS) is proposed. In this algorithm, NQCA is performed based on the Improved Weighted Clustering Algorithm (IWCA). The NQCA algorithm separates the total network into number of clusters and the Cluster Head (CH) for each cluster is elected on the basis of the node priority, transmission range and node neighborhood fidelity. Moreover, the clustering quality is estimated according to the different parameters like node degree, EC, DL, etc, which are also utilized for estimating the combined weight value by using the FL system. Then, the combined weight values are optimized by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to pick the most optimal weight value that selects both optimal CH and gateway. Conversely, the convergence time of GA and the error due to parameter tuning during optimization are high. Hence, a NQCA using Fuzzy-Fruit Fly optimization for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection (FFFCHGS) is proposed. In this algorithm, improved Fruit Fly (FF) algorithm is proposed instead of GA to select the most optimal CH and gateway. Finally, a performance effectiveness of the FFFCHGS algorithm is evaluated through the simulation outcomes in terms of EC, Packet Loss Rate (PLR), etc.

scholarly journals Performance of Ad Hoc Networks using Omni-Directional Antennas with Interference Alignment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3764-3768
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Interference Alignment ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Hoc Networks

The performance of Wireless ad hoc networks (WANET) using Omni-directional antenna node is improved by lightening the negative impact of interference. This article uses the concept of interference alignment to subsidise the interference effect and to increase the performance of networks nodes. The interference alignment produces synchronization among numerous transmitters with the common interference, so that it aligns at the receivers using easy interference cancellation techniques. The performance metrics throughput, packet loss and delay are improved by using the interference alignment in WANET with nodes using Omni - directional antenna.

scholarly journals Dynamic PL&T using Two Reference Nodes Equipped with Steered Directional Antenna for Significant PL&T Accuracy

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Shakhakarmi ◽  
Dhadesugoor R. Vaman
Keyword(s):  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multipath Fading ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Forward Error

Dynamic Position Location and Tracking (PL&T) is proposed deploying the integrated approach of zone finding and triangulation using two friendly nodes equipped with Steered Directional Antenna (DA) in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). This approach allows the system to use only two references instead of a typical 3 references for a straight triangulation. Moreover, the performance of the proposed algorithm with references using directional antennas shows significant improvement over triangulation using references with Omni-directional antennas as the beam power is concentrated. However, dynamic switching of reference nodes is frequently required as the target moves outside the predicted zone. This paper presents a better tracking accuracy in using proposed dynamic PL&T as compared to other PL&T techniques. The multipath fading is also addressed with the use of KV transform coding technique which uses forward error correction and sample interleaving achieves greater than 90% tracking accuracy with BERs of 10-6 or better.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Power-Aware Routing for Mobile Adhoc Networks Using Cluster Head With Gateway Table

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Pawan ◽  
Susheela Hooda
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Gateway Node ◽  
Hoc Networks

Wireless ad-hoc networks have become the most vibrant and vital area of research over the past years. Most devices in MANET are power operated. Therefore, the need of the hour is to design a protocol that will not only saves the battery life but also increase the lifetime of participating nodes in the ad-hoc network. In this paper, a new power-aware routing protocol has been proposed which selects the best gateway node for sending the data packets from source to destination. Additionally, the proposed routing protocol extends the battery lifetime of a mobile node and also minimizes the power consumption of an entire network. Moreover, this paper also presents an experimental evaluation of the proposed routing protocol by using three parameters (remaining power path, remaining battery power, and hop count) and provide the best path.

scholarly journals A Simple Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm to Select Cluster Heads in Ad Hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Parsapoor ◽  
Urban Bilstrup
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Hoc Networks

Forming a clustered network structure has been proposed as a solution to increase network performance, scalability, stability and manageability in an ad hoc network. A good clustering algorithm aims to select cluster heads among available nodes so that a number of specific constraints are satisfied; thus the cluster head selection problem is a multiobjective optimization problem. This paper proposes an algorithm on the basis of ant colony optimization (ACO) to be used to solve this problem. The proposed algorithm is a simple, one hop cluster formation algorithm, to form a clustered structure with the minimum number of clusters. The centralized ACO-based clustering algorithm is evaluated and compared with other clustering algorithms in ad hoc networks in terms of cluster density.

scholarly journals A Center-Based Secure and Stable Clustering Algorithm for VANETs on Highways

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Cheng ◽  
Baohua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Stable Clusters ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

Currently, communications in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) can be established via both Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) and mobile cellular networks. To make use of existing Long Term Evolution (LTE) network in data transmissions, many methods are proposed to manage VANETs. Grouping the vehicles into clusters and organizing the network by clusters are one of the most universal and most efficacious ways. Since the high mobility of vehicles makes VANETs different from other mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the previous cluster-based methods for MANETs may have trouble for VANETs. In this paper, we introduce a center-based clustering algorithm to help self-organized VANETs forming stable clusters and decrease the status change frequency of vehicles on highways and two metrics. A novel Cluster Head (CH) selection algorithm is also proposed to reduce the impact of vehicle motion differences. We also introduce two metrics to improve the security of VANETs. A simulation is conducted to compare our mechanism to some other mechanisms. The results show that our mechanism obtains high stability and lower packet loss rate.

scholarly journals A Robust Clustering Algorithm for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaowen Xing ◽  
Le Gruenwald ◽  
K.K. Phang
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Robust Clustering ◽  
Weighted Clustering ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

To mimic the operations in fixed infrastructures and to solve the routing scalability problem in large Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), forming clusters of nodes has been proven to be a promising approach. However, when existing weighted clustering algorithms calculate each node’s weight, they either consider only one metric or rely on some metrics collected from extra devices. This often leads to a higher rate of re-clustering. This chapter presents a robust weighted clustering algorithm, called PMW (Power, Mobility and Workload), to form and maintain more stable clusters. In PMW, the weight of each node is calculated by its power, mobility and workload, which can be easily collected and computed locally and cover the major factors that cause re-clustering. Clustering overhead of PMW is analyzed. The simulation results confirm that PMW prolongs lifetime of MANETs and has a lower cluster head change rate and re-affiliation rate than other existing algorithms.

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