Effects of Material Properties for Non-Equilibrium Conditions in Induction Heating Process

As the induction heating is very fast, it is reasonable to assume that the material properties are different from those measured under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. For this reason, this study attempts to measure the effect of material properties variations on the surface temperature using the 2D axisymmetric model. The results show that the relative magnetic permeability is the property that most significantly influences surface temperatures and the hardness profile. The effects of specific heat and electrical conductivity are rather low, while the thermal conductivity has a negligible effect on the model developed. Moreover, the variation ofaustenitizingtemperature of margins has limited effects on the developed model. Therefore, the use of material properties at thermodynamic equilibrium was sufficient to establish models able to predict trends.

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Modelling of an induction heating process and resulting material distribution of a hybrid semi-finished product after impact extrusion

10.25518/esaform21.574 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bernd-Arno Behrens ◽

Hendrik Wester ◽

Stefan Schäfer ◽

Christoph Büdenbender

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Induction Heating ◽

Magnetic Permeability ◽

Current Intensity ◽

Electromagnetic Properties ◽

Heating Process ◽

Inductive Heating ◽

Material Distribution ◽

Relative Magnetic Permeability ◽

The Impact

Multi-material solutions offer benefits, as they, in contrary to conventional monolithic parts, are customised hybrid components with properties that optimally fit the application locally. Adapted components offer the possibility to use high strength material in areas where external loads require it and substitute them by lightweight material in the other areas. The presented study describes the manufacturing of a hybrid shaft along the process chain Tailored Forming, which uses serial pre-joined semi-finished products in the forming stage. Subject of this study is the numerical modelling of the heating process by induction heating of a hybrid semi-finished product and the resulting material distribution after the impact extrusion process. For this endeavour, a numerical model of an inhomogeneous induction heating process was developed. The main challenge is to determine the boundary conditions such as current intensity acting in the induction coil and the electromagnetic properties of the used material. The current intensity was measured by a Rogowski coil during experimental heating tests. The relative magnetic permeability was modelled as a function of temperature using the method of Zedler. The results show the importance of using a relative magnetic permeability as a function of temperature to guarantee a high quality of the numerical model. Subsequently, the model was applied to the heating of the hybrid semi-finished product consisting of a steel and aluminium alloy. By using inductive heating and thus a resulting inhomogeneous temperature field, good agreement of the material distribution between experiment and simulation could be achieved after the forming process.

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A Method For Determination Of Specific Electrical Resistance Of Steel And Nano-Coating Sputtered On It

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2011vol2.989 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andris Martinovs ◽

Josef Timmerberg ◽

Konstantins Savkovs ◽

Aleksandrs Urbahs ◽

Paul Beckmann

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Magnetic Permeability ◽

Electrical Resistance ◽

Skin Effect ◽

Specific Electrical Resistance ◽

Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽

Relative Magnetic Permeability ◽

Nano Coating ◽

Cylindrical Steel

The paper describes methods developed to determine specific electrical conductivity and relative magnetic permeability of cylindrical steel items and nano-coatings deposited on them by sputtering. Research enables development of a new method for determination of thickness of vacuum deposited nano- coating that is based on application of skin effect.

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Numerical Analysis to Lead Free Solder/Intermetallic Interconnect With Application of Wiedemann-Franz-Lorenz Relation

Volume 3: Design, Materials and Manufacturing, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/imece2012-88634 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Yao Yao ◽

Jared Fry ◽

Morris Fine ◽

Leon Keer

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Material Properties ◽

Interfacial Crack ◽

Electrical Current ◽

Lead Free ◽

Lead Free Solder ◽

Electrical Conductivities ◽

Free Solder

Due to the limitation of available experimental data for thermal conductivity of lead free solder and Intermetallic Compound (IMC) materials, the Wiedemann-Franz-Lorenz (WFL) relation is presented in this paper as a possible solution to predict thermal conductivity with known electrical conductivity. The method is based upon the fact that heat and electrical transport both involve the free electrons. The thermal and electrical conductivities of Cu, Ni, Sn, and different Sn rich lead free solder and IMC materials are studied by employing the WFL relation. Generally, the analysis to the experimental data shows that the WFL relation is obeyed in both solder alloy and IMC materials especially matches close to the relation for Sn, with a positive deviation from the theoretical Lorenz number. Thus, with the available electrical conductivity data, the thermal conductivity of solder and IMC materials can be obtained based on the proper WFL relation, vice versa. With the reduction of size of electronic devices and solder interconnects, it has been observed experimentally that solders fail by crack nucleation and propagation near the interface of IMC and bulk solder. A coupled thermal-electrical finite element analysis is performed to study the behavior of lead free solder/IMC interconnects under different electrical current densities. The joule heating, temperature concentration and electrical current concentration effects with a crack propagating near the interface of solder and IMC are investigated numerically. Solder and IMC material properties predicted using the WFL relation are adopted in the computational model. The effects of different thermal and electrical conductivities of solder and IMC materials on interfacial crack tip temperature are analyzed in the present study. By applying the WFL relation, the amount of experiments required to determine the material properties for different lead free solder/IMC interconnects can be significantly reduced, which can lead to pronounced saving of time and cost.

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Hall Effect Measurements on New Thermoelectric Materials

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-793-s8.35 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 793 ◽

Author(s):

Jarrod Short ◽

Sim Loo ◽

Sangeeta Lal ◽

Kuei Fang Hsu ◽

Eric Quarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Hall Effect ◽

Measurement System ◽

Material Properties ◽

Figure Of Merit ◽

New Materials ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Additional Insight ◽

Hall Effect Measurements

ABSTRACTIn the field of thermoelectrics, the figure of merit of new materials is based on the electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power, and thermal conductivity of the sample, however additional insight is gained through knowledge of the carrier concentrations and mobility in the materials. The figure of merit is commonly related to the material properties through the B factor which is directly dependent on the mobility of the carriers as well as the effective mass.To gain additional insight on the new materials of interest for thermoelectric applications, a Hall Effect system has been developed for measuring the temperature dependent carrier concentrations and mobilities. In this paper, the measurement system will be described, and recent results for several new materials will be presented.

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Coupled Modeling of Electromagnetic-Thermal Problem in Induction Heating Process Considering Material Properties

2009 International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.1109/iciecs.2009.5363964 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hao Liu ◽

Jianhua Rao

Keyword(s):

Induction Heating ◽

Material Properties ◽

Heating Process ◽

Coupled Modeling ◽

Thermal Problem

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БЕЗКОНТАКТНИЙ МЕТОД ТРИПАРАМЕТРОВОГО ВИМІРЮВАЛЬНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ ФІЗИКО-ХІМІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ЗРАЗКА ФЕРОМАГНІТНОЇ РІДИНИ

Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design Technical Science Series ◽

10.30857/1813-6796.2018.4.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 77-84

Author(s):

В. В. Себко ◽

В. Г. Здоренко

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Magnetic Permeability ◽

Electromagnetic Method ◽

Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽

Parameter Method ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Parameter Control ◽

Relative Magnetic Permeability ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Measuring Control

The aim of the article is to investigate the method of three-parameter control of a sample of a ferromagnetic liquid, the realization of which is carried out on the basis of a noncontact transformer electromagnetic converter (TEC) with samples of ferromagnetic liquids in a longitudinal magnetic field.We used a technique for studying samples of a ferromagnetic liquid for the realization of a three-parameter electromagnetic method for measuring the physical and chemical characteristics of ferromagnetic liquids based on thermal TEC. The three-parameter method of measuring control of the relative magnetic permeability mr, the specific electrical conductivity σ, and the temperature t of a sample of a ferromagnetic liquid, which is monitored on the basis of measurements and analysis of signals of a thermal contactless three-parameter TEC, is studied. The theoretical principles of the operation of a contactless thermal TEC with a sample of a ferromagnetic liquid are based on the realization of a three-parameter method for measuring the monitoring of magnetic, electrical, and temperature parameters.

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Effect of Dimensional Variation on Induction Process Parameters Using 2D Simulation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.395 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 409 ◽

pp. 395-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Barka ◽

P. Bocher ◽

J. Brousseau ◽

P. Arkinson

Keyword(s):

Induction Heating ◽

Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

Heating Process ◽

Hardness Profile ◽

2D Simulation ◽

Linear Behavior ◽

Induction Process ◽

Modeling Software ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

Electro Magnetic

The induction heating is a surface heat treatment that exhibits some relevant industrial advantages. In fact, the process is not energy-consuming compared to thermo-chemical processes such as carbonizing and nitriding because it allows generating high power and focusing it locally and during a short time to achieve hardness at the surface area without affecting the part core. Using no plating phase, the induction heating process is qualified as green and sustainable manufacturing process but should be better understood to help developers to reach optimized recipes in a small number of process iterations. Globally, for a given range of parts to be manufactured, one has to proper select the frequency and power of the equipment to be. This work will show how part geometry, generator frequency and power are closely linked. This work is carried principally by simulation efforts using computer-modeling software (COMSOL). A developed 2D model includes the coupling between electro-magnetic and thermal fields, and takes account of the non-linear behavior of material properties versus temperature. The simulation allows optimizing the machine according to the dimensions of gear. This paper also proposes a method to approximate the power amount required to achieve a desired hardness profile.

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The Establishment of Coupled Electromagnetic-Thermal Analytical Model of Induction Heating System With Magnetic Flux Concentrator and the Study on the Effect of Magnetic Permeability to the Modeling

Volume 1: Processing ◽

10.1115/msec2013-1140 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tianxing Zhu ◽

Xuekun Li ◽

Feng Li ◽

Yiming (Kevin) Rong

Keyword(s):

Analytical Model ◽

Induction Heating ◽

Magnetic Permeability ◽

Heating System ◽

Heating Process ◽

Economic Aspects ◽

Metalworking Industry ◽

Commercial Package ◽

Flux Concentrator ◽

Induction Heating System

Induction heating is frequently used in the metalworking industry to heat metals for hardening, soldering, brazing, tempering and annealing. Due to its complexity, the using of simulation to analyze the induction heating process could become very advantageous both in design and economic aspects. In this paper, an analytical model is established using commercial package Cedrat Flux® 10.3, and the model is verified by the experiments. After the establishment of analytical model, an analysis on the effect of workpiece magnetic permeability to the modeling was conducted.

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